Pennsylvania is Located:
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In the NORTHERN and WESTERN hemispheres
The continent of NORTH AMERICA
In the country of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In the NORTHEASTERN part of the Unites States
Pennsylvania’s Neighbors:
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The state that borders PA to the north NEW YORK
The states that border PA to the south MARYLAND AND DELAWARE
The states that border PA to the east NEW JERSEY AND DELAWARE
The states the border PA to the west OHIO AND WEST VIRGINIA
Pennsylvania Landforms/Waterways:
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PA Landforms are the Allegheny Plateau, Allegheny Mountains,
Major Waterways: Lake Erie, Delaware River, Schuylkill River, Susquehanna River, Allegheny River,
Monongahela River
Pennsylvania’s Natural Resources:
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COAL, LIMESTONE, AND SANDSTONE are PA’s main natural resources
Pennsylvania’s Regions:
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Atlantic Coastal Plain
o Landforms - narrow strip of flat land, highly populated urban area
o Major City - PHILADELPHIA
o Important Facts -Philadelphia is a major PORT for ships to carry products throughout the world
Piedmont Region
o Landforms – rolling hills
o Major City - LANCASTER
o Major industry - FARMING
o Important Facts – This region is ideal for FARMING
Ridge and Valley Region
o Landforms – mountains and valleys
o Major City - HARRISBURG
o Important Facts – The state’s capital is located in this region. Also, many outdoor recreational
activities are done on the mountains in this region.
Allegheny Plateau
o Landforms – plateau
o Major City - PITTSBURGH
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o Important Facts – Largest region in PA
Erie Plain
o Landforms – low, flat land
o Major City - ERIE
o Major Waterway – LAKE ERIE
o Important Facts – Erie is a port city. This region is known for farming grapes. It’s located in the
NW corner of the state and is a Snowbelt region.
The French and Indian War:
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The French and Indian War was fought between the France and England over the ORV
The French were ALLIES with the Native Americans during the war
The TREATY OF PARIS ended the French and Indian War
The BRITISH won the war, and gained control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains
Revolutionary War:
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LOYALISTS were people who wanted to stay under British rule
PATRIOTS were people who wanted to break free from British rule
The REVOLUTIONARY WAR was fought against England for the colonies’ independence
Three important outcomes of the Second Continental Congress were:
o 1. OLIVE BRANCH PETITION
o 2. FORMED THE CONTINENTAL ARMY
o 3 COLONISTS HAD NO OTHER CHOICE BUT TO FIGHT ENGLAND FOR THEIR INDEPENDENCE
GEORGE WASHINTON was the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army
VALLEY FORGE was the place where the Continental Army spent the winter during the war
BEN FRANKLIN helped write the Declaration of Independence and known for his inventions
Civil War:
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The Civil War was fought between the NORTH AND SOUTH/ UNION AND CONFEDERACY over slavery
Pennsylvania was a FREE state during the war
HARRIET TUBMAN was an abolitionist who set up the Underground Rail Road and led over 300 slaves to
freedom
Government:
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PA’s State Symbols:
o Bird – RUFFED GROUSE
o Dog – GREAT DANE
o Insect – FIREFLY
o Tree – HEMLOCK
o State Nickname – THE KEYSTONE STATE
o State Motto – “Virtue, liberty, and independence”
PA’s Governor is TOM CORBETT
The 3 Branches of Government and what they do:
o 1. EXECUTIVE – ENFORCES LAW
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o 2. LEGISLATIVE – MAKES LAWS
o 3. JUDICIAL – EXPLAINS LAWS
A state cannot pass a law that goes against the federal government
People to Know:
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James Buchanan – Only U.S. President from Pennsylvania
Andrew Carnegie – Known as the ‘Steel King”
Edwin Drake – drilled the first oil well
St. Katherine Drexel – devoted life to helping African Americans and Native Americans