For my final project, I want to conduct an analysis revealing the suburbanization of poverty, as
well as the revitalization of cities and gentrification in four different metropolitan regions in the
US. I would like to see how key variables for socio-economic classes (for eg. education,
income, race) result different in gentrification in those metropolitan regions.
I would like to examine how these key demographic factors indicators influence the
gentrification and suburbanization in the four metropolitan regions.
Examples:
1. Cooke, T., & Marchant, S. (2006). The changing intrametropolitan location of high-poverty
neighbourhoods in the US, 1990-2000. Urban Studies, 43(11), 1971-1989
Some people assumed that most high-poverty neighbourhoods were within the
central city in the US. Like myself first thought that each city has the same situation in the
US. More recent research hints that the geographical distribution of high-poverty
neighbourhoods may have been slowly changing from the past 20 years from central-city
to suburban areas. And they are not same in every city. This research regarding the extent
of high-poverty neighbourhoods has generally focused on the entire metropolitan area, to
explore the changing geographical distribution of high-poverty neighbourhoods both
between and within American metropolitan areas between 1990 and 2000. Specifically
focus on the shift in the number of high-poverty neighbourhoods between central-city,
inner-ring and outer-ring suburbs. This is a basic reference and it is very close to what I
want to do for my project.
2. Amy L. Holliday, Rachel E. Dwyer. (2009). Suburban Neighborhood Poverty in U.S.
Metropolitan Areas in 2000.City & Community,8(2),155–176
This research use Census 2000 summary data to examine the characteristics and
determinants of suburban poverty at the neighborhood and metropolitan levels across the
entire country, and the results they turn out identify a particularly distinctive racial profile for
suburban poverty, associated especially with Hispanic residential location, with
implications for trends in racial segregation as well. This article makes me decide to use
Hispanic Race specifically as a indicator of my project.
3. Jed Kolko. (2007).The determinants of gentrification. Public Policy Institute of California
This article examines the reasons for gentrification and outcomes of gentrification vary in
cities. It also analyzes changes in statistics at census tract level, for example household
income, migration pattern, vacancy rate and demographic characteristics. The results
show that gentrification is accompanied by increases in the number of households and a
growing housing stock, as well as changes in residential demographic composition. This
article is a good example using census data combine with GIS, and provides information
about indicators of gentrification, which is helpful when I select variables revealing
gentrification.
4. Je Moua. (2006). Poverty distribution in Twin Cities using GIS. Journal of Undergraduate
Research, Minnesota State University.
This is a very good example of using GIS to examine the spatial distribution of poverty
within the Twin Cities Metro Area. It uses poverty distribution to compare with selected
variables such as education level, family size, family compositions, race, and immigration
status. I think the format and the content construction is the most similar one to my
thought.
Data/Indicator:
Descriptio
n
Layer
Data Set
Year
Cities point
Boston, Portland,
Atlanta, Phoenix
City
boundaries
2010
Boston, Portland,
Atlanta, Phoenix
Census tract
2010
Data
Source
Agency
URL
M:\Country\USA\E
Census
Tracts
ESRI
SRIDataMap10\us
a\census
Census
M:\Country\USA\C
ensus2010_NHGI
S_tracts_US
Population
T1.Total
Population
Total
population
ACS
2007-2
011
Social
explore
Census
Bureau
Social
explore
Households
T17. Households
By
Household
Type
Total
household
ACS
2007-2
011
Social
explore
Census
Bureau
Social
explore
Education
attainment
T25. Educational
Attainment
For Population 25
Years And Over
25+ years old
who have a
bachelors or
graduate
degree
ACS
2007-2
011
Social
explore
Census
Bureau
Social
explore
Income
T57.Median
Household Income
The median
income
for
individuals is
based
on
individuals 15
years old and
over
with
income
ACS
2007-2
011
Social
explore
Census
Bureau
Social
explore
Race
T14. Hispanic Or
Latino By Race
Hispanic Or
Latino/total
population
ACS
2007-2
011
Social
explore
Census
Bureau
Social
explore
Occupationa
l status
T95.Occupancy
Status
All occupied ACS
housing units 2007-2
011
Social
explore
Census
Bureau
Social
explore
Base Data Layer Processing (to be continued as project moves on):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select four cities from the Cities points layer.
Export those to a new shape file (four_city).
Select by Location to select tracts within 20 miles of the 4 city points
export those to a new shape file(four_within20)
Download and join the data sets of each indicator with all census tracts in the map and
with selected census tracts, and get them into uniform coordinate system
Products
1.A basic map – the buildable areas – the four cities
2. 5 comparison maps with each different indicators shows the suburbanization of poverty in
the 4 city.
3. Table of all final data source layer and indicators