Earth Systems 3209
Chapter 21 - Review Sheet
Key Terms
Economic mineral
Hydrothermal deposit (vein)
Metamorphism
Open pit mine
Crude oil
Diagenesis
Anticline trap
Stratigraphic trap
Ore
Placer deposit
Diamond
Underground mine
Hydrocarbons
Catagenesis
Fault trap
Magmatic deposit
Secondary enrichment (sedimentation)
Kimberlite
Petroleum
Kerogen
Metagenesis
Salt dome trap
Key Topics
p. 580-581: Understand that mineral resources are the basis of modern civilization: everything that does
not come from a living thing has to be removed from the solid Earth. See Fig. 21.2 for a list of the most
commonly used minerals by all Canadians.
p. 583: Understand what is meant by the term ore and why finding ore deposits is the key to the mining
industry.
p. 585: Explain how magmatic deposits form and the types of minerals that can be found in them.
p. 587-590: Explain how mineral veins form from hydrothermal deposits and the types of minerals that
can be found in them.
p. 594: Explain how placer deposits form and the types of minerals that can be found in them.
p. 595-596: Explain how metamorphic deposits form and the types of minerals that can be found in
them.
p. 598-600: Explain how diamonds are found in deposits of Kimberlite.
p. 602-603 and notes: Explain the formation of petroleum from ancient organic matter including:
kerogen, diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis.
p. 603 – 604: describe the components involved in the formation of petroleum traps. Include:
A. source rock
B. reservoir rock
C. cap rock
p. 603-609 and notes: describe the processes and techniques involved in extracting and refining
hydrocarbons.describe the methods of refining petroleum. Include: (i) distillation (ii) cracking
(iii) reforming