A&P I Tutorial 2015 Exam 2a Name _____________________________________ 1) Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories? A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue Answer: C Learning Outcome: 4-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 2) Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except A) attachment. B) avascularity. C) regeneration. D) polarity. E) extracellular matrix. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 4-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 3) A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n) A) tight junction. B) gap junction. C) intermediate junction. D) desmosome. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 4-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 4) Transitional epithelium is found A) lining the urinary bladder. B) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands. C) lining kidney tubules. D) lining the stomach. E) at the surface of the skin. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 4-3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 5) Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the A) kidneys. B) heart and blood vessels. C) urinary bladder. 1 D) mouth. E) large intestine. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 4-3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 6) Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue? A) squamous cell B) adipocyte C) fibroblast D) chondroblast E) chondrocyte Answer: C Learning Outcome: 4-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 7) The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue. A) loose connective B) regular dense connective C) irregular dense connective D) reticular connective E) adipose Answer: D Learning Outcome: 4-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 8) Osseous tissue is also called A) cartilage. B) fat. C) cellulite. D) bone. E) ligament. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 4-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 9) The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the A) pleura. B) peritoneum. C) pericardium. D) periosteum. E) perichondrium. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 4-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 2 10) Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon? A) superficial fascia B) hypodermis C) deep fascia D) subserous fascia E) subcutaneous layer Answer: C Learning Outcome: 4-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 11) The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle. A) skeletal B) cardiac C) smooth D) voluntary E) multinucleated Answer: C Learning Outcome: 4-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 12) Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue. A) connective B) neural C) areolar D) osseous E) epithelial Answer: B Learning Outcome: 4-9 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 13) The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called A) inflammation. B) apoptosis. C) fibrosis. D) cystosis. E) necrosis. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 4-10 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 14) Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except A) protection of underlying tissue. B) excretion of salts and wastes. C) maintenance of body temperature. D) synthesis of vitamin C. 3 E) detection of sensations. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 5-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 15) The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are A) adipocytes. B) keratinocytes. C) fibroblasts. D) melanocytes. E) dendritic cells. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 5-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 16) Cyanosis signifies that a patient has A) had too much sun. B) been kept out of the sun. C) an allergic reaction. D) oxygen-starved skin. E) been exposed to cyanide. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 5-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 17) Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation? A) increased activity by melanocytes B) production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells C) reduced amounts of elastic fibers in the dermis D) chromosomal damage in germinative cells or melanocytes E) loss in skin pigmentation as seen in vitiligo Answer: E Learning Outcome: 5-3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 18) Epidermal growth factor exerts which of these effects on the epidermis? A) promotes cell division B) stimulates keratin synthesis C) accelerates tissue repair D) speeds up glandular function E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 5-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 19) The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is 4 A) collagen. B) melanin. C) keratin. D) elastin. E) carotene. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 5-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 20) A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage A) closes and heals with relatively little scarring. B) has a tendency to reopen. C) heals slower than incisions made perpendicular to the lines of cleavage. D) does not affect the healing process. E) requires no sutures. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 5-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 21) If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed, A) the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus. B) the color of the hair will become lighter. C) the texture of the hair will become coarser. D) the hair matrix will lose its blood supply. E) hair production will not be affected. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 5-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 5 Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions: 22) From what structure does sensible perspiration occur? A) 6 B) 7 C) 8 D) 9 E) 10 Answer: E Learning Outcome: 5-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 23) Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 6 E) 5 Answer: A Learning Outcome: 5-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 24) Which layer contains most of the accessory structures? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 5-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 25) Adipose tissue is a major component of the region labeled A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) 5. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 5-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 26) Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"? A) stratified squamous epithelium B) areolar connective tissue C) adipose tissue D) cartilage and blood E) reticular connective tissues Answer: B Learning Outcome: 5-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 27) Which of the following statements concerning hair is false? A) The medulla is the soft core of the hair. B) The cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin. C) Terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair. D) Club hair is hair that has ceased growing. E) Scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 5-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 28) Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands. A) ceruminous 7 B) apocrine sweat C) merocrine sweat D) sebaceous E) mammary Answer: D Learning Outcome: 5-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 29) Earwax is produced by ________ glands. A) sebaceous B) apocrine sweat C) merocrine sweat D) ceruminous E) eccrine sweat Answer: D Learning Outcome: 5-8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 30) Which of following is a function of the skeletal system? A) body support B) calcium homeostasis C) protection of internal organs D) blood cell production E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 6-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 31) Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system? A) tendons B) bones C) ligaments D) cartilage E) other tissues that connect bones Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 32) The proximal and distal ends of a long bone are called the A) epiphyses. B) diaphyses. C) epiphyseal plates. D) metaphyses. E) periphyses. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-2 8 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 33) The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid Answer: B Learning Outcome: 6-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 34) The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 35) Bone is composed of ________ percent cells. A) 25 B) 10 C) 2 D) 15 E) 50 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 6-3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 36) ________ are squamous stem cells that develop into osteoblasts. A) Osteoclasts B) Osteocytes C) Osteomedullary cells D) Osteoprogenitor cells E) Osteoid cells Answer: D Learning Outcome: 6-3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 37) ________ account(s) for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone. A) Water B) Calcium carbonate C) Collagen fibers 9 D) Fluoride E) Calcium phosphate Answer: E Learning Outcome: 6-3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 38) The central canal of an osteon contains A) bone marrow. B) osteocytes. C) concentric lamellae. D) blood vessels. E) lacunae. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 39) The structural units of mature compact bone are called A) trabeculae. B) osteocytes. C) osteons. D) canaliculi. E) lamellae. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 40) The lining of the medullary cavity is called the A) endosteum. B) periosteum. C) epiosteum. D) mediosteum. E) paraosteum. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 10 Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions: 41) Which structure is called an osteon? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: B Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 42) Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: E Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 11 43) The structure labeled "3" is the result of which process? A) bone cells adding matrix between existing osteons B) surface growth of bone C) remodeling of compact bone D) remodeling of spongy bone E) osteoporosis Answer: C Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 44) Identify the structures labeled "4." A) concentric lamellae B) circumferential lamellae C) interstitial lamellae D) trabeculae E) periosteum Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 45) What lines the structure labeled "7"? A) the endosteum B) blood vessels C) the central canal D) spongy bone E) trabeculae Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 46) Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification? A) roof of the skull B) carpal bones C) femur D) clavicle E) the roof of the skull and the clavicle Answer: E Learning Outcome: 6-5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 47) When stress is applied to a bone, A) the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts. B) osteoclast activity increases and osteoblast activity decreases. C) the bone becomes thin and brittle and ultimately fractures. D) the bone compensates by becoming thinner in the region of stress. E) blood supply through the nutrient artery diminishes and thus remodeling proceeds at a 12 much slower rate. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 13 Use the two skull illustrations above to match the following structures/bones 48. occipital bone 24 49. sphenoid bone 30 50, ethmoid bone 3 51. mastoid process 19 52. maxilla 20 53. Vomer 36 14 Use the illustration above to match the correct bone/structure 54. acromion A 15 55. Spine H Use the illustration above to match the correct bone/structure 56. Head of the radius F 16 57. Head of the ulna G 58. Coronoid Process B Use the illustration above to match the following bones/structures 59. Iliac Crest C 60. Pubic Symphysis H Extra Credit 1) The body's first tissue response to any injury is A) fever. 17 B) inflammation. C) bleeding. D) shivering. E) All the above. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 4-10 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 2) Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity as a result of liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or heart failure is known as A) edema. B) ischemia. C) inflammation. D) ascites. E) infarction. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 4-6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 3) An albino individual lacks the ability to produce A) melanin. B) keratin. C) carotene. D) perspiration. E) eleidin. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 5-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 4) Which of the following is a characteristic of bone? A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts. B) The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts and chondroblasts. C) Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for muscle attachment. D) The matrix of bone is mostly collagen with very little calcium. E) For strength, compact bone is organized into a meshwork of matrix called trabeculae. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 6-4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 5) In normal adult bones, A) there is no turnover of minerals. B) a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year. C) osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed. D) osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases. E) exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 6-6 18 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 19