Biomedical Instrumentation – Question Bank
1. Why are physiological signals not seen properly on the conventional CRT screen? Explain
what modifications need to be made so that they can be easily seen and analyzed.
2. With a block schematic, describe the Oscilloscope display system with digital storage.
3. How various operating parameters are chose to maintain signal accuracy, bandwidth and
reliability?
4. What are the different parts of a Cardiac Monitor with Digital memory? Briefly describe
each with a neat schematic.
5. Describe the following with respect to a Cardiac Monitor:
a. Frequency response.
b. Blocks of input circuit.
c. How electrosurgery interference is overcome?
d. Leads off detector.
e. Quick recovery circuit.
6. Why is a quick recovery circuit necessary in a Cardioscope? Explain
7. What precautions can be taken to avoid Electrosurgery Interference?
8. Describe the three circuit blocks of a bedside patient monitor.
9. With a system block diagram, describe the different modules of a patient monitoring
system.
10. Describe the features of a central monitor.
11. What is a Cardiotocograph? Describe the different methods used to monitor foetal heart
rate and uterine contraction.
12. What are the major sources of noise in the foetal ECG signal recorded from maternal
abdomen? Explain.
13. How is foetal ECG extracted from maternal ECG? Explain with a schematic.
14. What parameter is monitored using a foetal Phonocardiogram? With a schematic explain
how foetal heart rate is determined using foetal Phonocardiogram.
15. What is the principal behind the measurement of foetal heart rate using ultrasound?
16. How can artefact rejection be improved in monitoring foetal heart rate using ultrasound
Doppler technique? Explain.
17. Which is more efficient – detecting foetal heart rate by detecting heart valve motion or by
detecting heart wall motion? Give reasons.
18. Write a note on the transducers used for monitoring foetal heart rate using ultrasound
Doppler technique.
19. Explain the principle behind ultrasonic Doppler-shift based Foetal Heart rate measuring
circuit with a neat diagram.
20. What are the different types of electrodes available to measure Foetal Heart rate directly?
Describe each one and mention how they are used.
21. How is labour activity monitored? Explain with a schematic diagram.
22. How is acid-base balance maintained in the body? Explain.
23. What is the principle behind measurement of pH? Explain.
24. Describe the effect of temperature on measurement of pH? How is it overcome?
25. Describe the features of electrodes used for blood pH measurement.
26. What is a buffer? Why are they used in pH measurement?
27. Explain the principle behind measurement of blood pCO2.
28. Describe the calculations behind acid-base balance determination.