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Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—
Emissions Abatement through Savanna Fire
Management) Methodology Determination 2015
I, Greg Hunt, Minister for the Environment, make the following determination.
Dated
2015
Greg Hunt [DRAFT ONLY—NOT FOR SIGNATURE]
Minister for the Environment
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Contents
Part 1
Preliminary
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Part 2
Name of determination
Commencement
Authority
Duration
Definitions
5
5
5
5
5
Savanna fire management projects
2.1
Savanna fire management projects
8
Part 3
Project requirements
Division 3.1
3.1
3.2
General
General
Requirement in lieu of regulatory additionality requirement
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Project area
Project area
Land in the high rainfall zone
Land in the low rainfall zone
Carbon estimation areas
9
9
9
10
3.7
Project activity
Project activity
10
Grazing
Management of grazing
Limit on grazing
Baseline stock number—evidence
10
11
12
Division 3.2
Division 3.3
Division 3.4
3.8
3.9
3.10
Part 4
9
9
Net abatement amount
Division 4.1
Preliminary
Operation of this Part
Greenhouse gas assessment boundary
References to factors and parameters from external sources
Partial reporting
Start and end of late dry season
Baseline period—new projects
Baseline period—transitioning projects
13
13
13
13
14
14
15
4.8
4.9
4.10
Vegetation fuel type map
General
Validation
Independent waypoints
15
15
16
4.11
4.12
Calculating fire scar area
General
Fire scar area
17
17
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Division 4.2
Division 4.3
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4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
Monthly fire maps
Seasonal fire maps
Validation of seasonal fire maps not sourced from the NAFI
Validation of seasonal fire maps—independent waypoints
Division 4.4
Calculations
Subdivision 4.4.1
Carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount
4.17
Subdivision 4.4.2
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
Subdivision 4.4.3
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
Subdivision 4.4.4
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
Subdivision 4.4.5
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
Subdivision 4.4.6
4.39
4.40
Part 5
Carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount
18
18
18
19
20
Discounted net annual project abatement
General
20
Discounted net annual project abatement—when value of retainer at end of
previous calendar year was zero or greater than zero
20
Discounted net annual project abatement—when value of retainer at end of
previous calendar year was less than zero
21
Value of retainer at end of calendar year
22
Net annual abatement
Net annual project abatement
Use of SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement
Net annual abatement
Average annual baseline emissions
Annual project emissions
22
23
23
24
24
Baseline and project fire emissions
Fire emissions
Fire emissions—by fire season
Potential fire emissions
Potential methane emissions—fine fuel size class
Potential methane emissions—coarse, heavy and shrub fuel size classes
Potential nitrous oxide emissions—fine fuel size class
Potential nitrous oxide emissions—coarse, heavy and shrub fuel size
classes
Area burnt
25
25
26
26
27
28
29
30
Fine fuels
Fine fuel load values
Calculating relative frequency distribution of fire history
Calculating YSLB
Calculating area burned for each YSLB value
30
31
32
32
Project fossil fuel emissions
Fossil fuel emissions
Fossil fuel emissions—by fuel type and greenhouse gas
32
33
Reporting, record-keeping and monitoring requirements
Division 5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Offsets report requirements
Operation of this Division
General
Offsets reports if SavBAT2 used
Offsets reports if SavBAT2 not used
34
34
34
34
5.5
5.6
Monitoring
Operation of this Division
Fossil fuel use
35
35
Division 5.2
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Schedule 1 Vegetation fuel types
Schedule 2 Tables
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
Table E—Patchiness
Table F—Burning efficiency
Table G—Fuel loads
Table H—Emission factor for methane
Table I—Carbon content
Table J—Emission factor for nitrous oxide
Table K—Nitrogen to carbon ratio
Table L—Fine fuel accumulation value
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Part 1
Preliminary
1.1
Name of determination
This determination is the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Emissions
Abatement through Savanna Fire Management) Methodology Determination 2015.
1.2
Commencement
This determination commences on the day after it is registered.
1.3
Authority
This determination is made under subsection 106(1) of the Carbon Credits (Carbon
Farming Initiative) Act 2011.
1.4
Duration
This determination remains in force for the period that:
(a) begins when this determination commences; and
(b) ends on the day before this determination would otherwise be repealed
under subsection 50(1) of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003.
1.5
Definitions
In this determination:
Act means the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011.
adult animal equivalent means a unit of measure defined by a liveweight of 450kg.
Note For example, a cow with a liveweight of 405kg is 0.9 adult animal equivalents.
annual rainfall is the average annual precipitation over the 12 month period from
1 July to 30 June in the monsoonal northern Australia.
Note Annual rainfall for the purposes of the determination is calculated according to this
protocol and not a calendar year.
baseline mean annual number of stock has the meaning provided by section 3.8.
baseline period has the meaning provided by section 4.6 or 4.7.
calendar year means a period of 12 months starting on 1 January.
carbon estimation area means a stratum of the project area that is determined in
accordance with section 3.6.
CO2-e means carbon dioxide equivalent.
coarse fuel means vegetation fuel comprising dead twigs and branches of not less
than 6 millimetres in diameter and not more than 50 millimetres in diameter.
early dry season or EDS means the months in a calendar year that are not the late
dry season.
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fine fuel means vegetation fuel comprising grass, leaf litter, bark and dead small
twigs of less than 6 millimetres in diameter.
fire management means the planned and intended deployment of fire.
fire map means a geospatial map in raster format which shows the presence and
absence of fire scars within the project area by way of pixels representing burnt or
unburnt areas.
fire regime means the season, frequency and intensity of all planned and unplanned
fires that occur in an area.
fire scar area means the spatial extent, within a carbon estimation area, that has
been affected by fire.
fire scar means an area that has been burnt.
fire season means the early dry season or the late dry season.
fuel size class means the vegetation fuel belonging to a given size class.
GIS means geographic information system.
GIS map means a layer or combination of layers displayed in a GIS.
GPS means global positioning system.
greenhouse gas assessment boundary means the boundary specified in section 4.2.
GWP means Global Warming Potential.
heavy fuel means vegetation fuel comprising dead branches and logs of greater
than 50 millimetres in diameter.
late dry season or LDS means the period in a calendar year determined in
accordance with section 4.5.
monthly fire map means a fire map showing the presence (burnt area) and absence
(un-burnt area) of fire scars within each pixel in a carbon estimation area over a one
month period.
NAFI means the North Australian Fire Information website.
Note The NAFI can be accessed at www.firenorth.org.au.
NGER Regulations means the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting
Regulations 2008.
pixel means a functional square element of a raster map.
project commencement means the first day of the project’s first reporting period
under the determination.
project mean annual number of stock has the meaning provided by section 3.8.
raster format means, for a map, the division of a map into a grid of pixels that can
be coded according to characteristics of, or relating to, the area represented by the
pixel.
retainer means the cumulative value of discounts made to net annual project
abatement in the crediting period.
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savanna burning 1000 mm rainfall map means the map that shows the eligible
land area under this determination (where average annual rainfall exceeds 1,000
millimetres).
Note This map can be found at www.environment.gov.au.
savanna burning 600-1000 mm rainfall map means the map that shows the
eligible land area under this determination (where average annual rainfall is greater
than 600 and less than or equal to 1,000 millimetres and total quarterly rainfall in
the driest quarter is less than 15 mm).
Note This map can be found at www.environment.gov.au.
savanna means a tropical or sub-tropical vegetation formation with continuous
grass cover occasionally interrupted by trees and shrubs.
SavBAT2 means the web-based information technology tool known as the Savanna
Burning Abatement Tool version two that automates some processes required
under this determination and provides reports that meet some of the reporting and
record-keeping requirements of this determination.
seasonal fire map means a fire map that shows the presence and absence of all fire
scars within a carbon estimation area by way of pixels representing burnt or
unburnt areas for either the early dry season or the late dry season.
shrub fuel means components of a living plant that are less than 6mm diameter,
from vegetation with a stem diameter of less than 50 millimetres measured at a
height of 1.3 metres.
vegetation fuel type means a functional vegetation community defined by the
vegetation’s floristic, functional and structural, soil and emissions profile attributes
as specified in Schedule 1.
waypoint means a point in geographical space within the project area where
information is collected, which is defined by a set of coordinates
years since last burnt or YSLB means the number of years (wet seasons) since a
pixel was last burnt.
Note Other words and expressions used in this Determination have the meaning given by the
Act. These include:
eligible offsets project
emission
greenhouse gas
methodology determination
offsets project
offsets report
project
project area
project proponent
Regulator
reporting period
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Part 2
2.1
Savanna fire management projects
Savanna fire management projects
(1) For paragraph 106(1)(a) of the Act, this determination applies to an offsets project
that:
(a) aims to reduce the emission of methane and nitrous oxide from fire by using
fire management in the early dry season; and
(b) is carried out in a savanna that meets the requirements of subsection (2).
(2) A savanna on which the project is carried out must:
(a) receive more than 1000 millimetres long-term average annual rainfall as
shown on the savanna burning 1000 mm rainfall map; or
(b) provided that total rainfall in the driest quarter is less than 15 millimetres as
defined in the savanna burning 600–1000 mm rainfall map—receive more
than 600 millimetres and less than or equal to 1000 millimetres long-term
average annual rainfall as shown on the savanna burning 600–1000 mm
rainfall map.
(3) A project covered by subsection (1) is a savanna fire management project.
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Part 3
Project requirements
Division 3.1
General
3.1
General
For paragraph 106(1)(b) of the Act, to be an eligible offsets project, a savanna fire
management project must meet the requirements in this Part.
3.2
Requirement in lieu of regulatory additionality requirement
(1) For subparagraph 27(4A)(b)(ii) of the Act, the requirement in subsection (2) is in
lieu of the regulatory additionality requirement for a savanna fire management
project.
(2) The project must not be carried out on land where fire management for the primary
purpose of reducing emissions from fire is required to be carried out by or under a
law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory.
Division 3.2
3.3
Project area
Project area
Every part of the project area must be on land:
(a) in the high rainfall zone; or
(b) in the low rainfall zone.
Note The project area may consist of both land in the high rainfall zone and land in the low
rainfall zone.
3.4
Land in the high rainfall zone
(1) This section applies if land on which the project is or will be carried out receives
more than 1000 millimetres long-term average annual rainfall as shown on the
savanna burning 1000 mm rainfall map.
(2) The land must contain at least one of the vegetation fuel types listed for the high
rainfall zone in Schedule 1.
3.5
Land in the low rainfall zone
(1) This section applies if land on which the project is or will be carried out:
(a) receives long-term average annual rainfall of more than 600 millimetres and
less than or equal to 1000 millimetres as shown on the savanna burning
600–1000 mm rainfall map; and
(b) in the driest quarter, receives less than 15 millimetres total rainfall as shown
on the savanna burning 600–1000 mm rainfall map.
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(2) The land must contain at least one of the vegetation fuel types listed for the low
rainfall zone in Schedule 1.
3.6
Carbon estimation areas
(1) The project proponent must stratify the project area into carbon estimation areas.
Note The project area may comprise a single carbon estimation area.
(2) The project proponent must not re-stratify the project area in the crediting period.
(3) If the project proponent uses SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement for a
carbon estimation area, then that carbon estimation area may cover land in the
high-rainfall zone and low-rainfall zone.
(4) If the project proponent does not use SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement
for a carbon estimation area, then that carbon estimation area must cover land in
only one rainfall zone.
Division 3.3
3.7
Project activity
Project activity
(1) The project proponent:
(a) must carry out fire management in the project area in the early dry season;
and
(b) may, in addition, carry out fire management in the project area in the late
dry season.
(2) The fire management must be carried out with the intention of increasing the
annual proportion of fire in the project area that occurs in the early dry season.
(3) The fire management may be combined with natural or constructed barriers to
extinguish fires or stop their spread.
(4) The project proponent must not attempt to increase the annual proportion of fire in
the project area that occurs in the early dry season by a method other than fire
management.
Division 3.4
3.8
Grazing
Management of grazing
(1) The project proponent must calculate:
(a) the total number of domestic stock, in adult animal equivalents, on all
properties on which the project occurs, in each year of the six years before
project commencement; and
(b) the mean annual number of stock, in adult animal equivalents, on all
properties on which the project occurs, for the six years before project
commencement.
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(2) The mean calculated in accordance with paragraph (1)(b) is the baseline mean
annual number of stock.
(3) The project proponent must calculate the standard deviation for the baseline mean
annual number of stock using Equation A.
Equation A
2
∑6𝑦=1(𝑥𝑦 −𝑥̅ )
𝜎= √
6
Where:
𝜎=
standard deviation.
𝑥𝑦 =
total number of stock, in adult animal equivalents, on all
properties on which the project occurs, in year 𝑦.
̅=
𝑥
mean annual number of stock , in adult animal equivalents.
(4) At the end of each year following project commencement, the project proponent
must calculate:
(a) the total number of domestic stock, in adult animal equivalents, on all
properties on which the project occurs, in that year; and
(b) the mean annual number of stock, in adult animal equivalents, on all
properties on which the project occurs, from project commencement to the
end of that year.
(5) The mean calculated in accordance with paragraph (4)(b) is the project mean
annual number of stock.
3.9
Limit on grazing
The project mean annual number of stock must not exceed the limit determined in
accordance with Table A
Table A—Limit on project mean annual number of stock
Calendar years since project
commencement
Limit
1
Baseline mean annual number of stock
plus 1.5 standard deviations
2+
Baseline mean annual number of stock
plus 1 standard deviation
5+
Baseline mean annual number of stock
plus 0.5 standard deviations
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3.10
Baseline stock number—evidence
(1) The project proponent must provide the Regulator with evidence of how the
baseline mean annual number of stock was calculated with the application under
section 22 of the Act.
(2) The evidence may include information provided to the Australian Tax Office about:
(a) stock numbers by class; and
(b) stock sales; and
(c) stock purchases.
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Part 4
Net abatement amount
Division 4.1
Preliminary
4.1
Operation of this Part
For paragraph 106(1)(c) of the Act, this Part specifies the method for working out
the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a reporting period for a
savanna fire management project that is an eligible offsets project.
4.2
Greenhouse gas assessment boundary
When making calculations under this Part:
(a) the greenhouse gases in Table B must be taken into account in relation to
the specified project activities; and
(b) no other gases or project activities may be taken into account.
Table B—Greenhouse gases accounted for in the abatement calculations
Project activity
Greenhouse gas
Burning of flammable living and dead
vegetation (fine, coarse and heavy
fuels and shrubs) in the project area
during the baseline period and project
activity period
Methane (CH4)
Fuel use to establish and maintain the
project; for example, for helicopters
and other energy-consuming
equipment or drip torches
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
4.3
References to factors and parameters from external sources
If a calculation in this Part includes a factor or parameter that is defined or
calculated by reference to another instrument or writing, the factor or parameter to
be used for a reporting period is the factor or parameter referred to in, or calculated
by reference to, the instrument or writing as in force at the end of the reporting
period.
4.4
Partial reporting
(1) This section applies if the project is divided in accordance with section 77A of the
Act.
(2) The division of the overall project must not result in the division of a carbon
estimation area.
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(3) If the project proponent reports emissions from a carbon estimation area that was
not reported in an earlier offsets report, emissions from the carbon estimation area
must be calculated for:
(a) each year of the reporting period for which emissions from the carbon
estimation area are reported; and
(b) each year in the crediting period for which emissions from the carbon
estimation area were not previously reported.
(4) In the final offsets report submitted to the Regulator, the project proponent must
report emissions from each carbon estimation area in the project area.
(5) To avoid doubt, when the final offsets report is submitted to the Regulator, the
project proponent must have reported emissions from:
(a) each carbon estimation area in the project area; in
(b) each calendar year in the crediting period before the submission of the final
offsets report.
4.5
Start and end of late dry season
(1) This section applies in relation to:
(a) each year in the baseline period; and
(b) each year in the crediting period.
(2) The late dry season:
(a) begins on 1 August; and
(b) ends on 31 December.
4.6
Baseline period—new projects
(1) This section applies if the project was not an eligible offsets project under the
Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative)(Reduction of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions through Early Dry Season Savanna Burning—1.1) Methodology
Determination 2013.
(2) The baseline period for a carbon estimation area:
(a) if the carbon estimation area is in the low-rainfall zone—is 15 years; or
(b) if the carbon estimation area is in the high-rainfall zone—is 10 years.
(3) The last year of the baseline period is:
(a) the calendar year before project commencement; or
(b) if the carbon estimation area is added to the project area after project
commencement—the calendar year before the day on which the carbon
estimation area is added.
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4.7
Baseline period—transitioning projects
(1) This section applies if the project was an eligible offsets project under the Carbon
Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative)(Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
through Early Dry Season Savanna Burning—1.1) Methodology Determination
2013.
(2) If the carbon estimation area is in the high-rainfall zone, the baseline period for that
carbon estimation area is the 10-year period determined in accordance with
subsection 4.20(1) or 4.20(2) of that methodology determination.
(3) If the carbon estimation area is in the low-rainfall zone:
(a) the baseline period for that carbon estimation area is 15 years; and
(b) the last year of the baseline period is the calendar year before project
commencement.
Division 4.2
4.8
Vegetation fuel type map
General
(1) The project proponent must:
(a) create a vegetation fuel type map for each carbon estimation area; and
(b) validate the map in accordance with section 4.9.
(2) The map must:
(a) cover the carbon estimation area; and
(b) be in raster format; and
(c) have a pixel size of 250 metres by 250 metres or less; and
(d) assign a vegetation fuel type to each pixel that contains a vegetation fuel
type listed in Schedule 1; and
(e) assign a zero value to each pixel that does not contain a vegetation fuel type
listed in Schedule 1; and
(f) be based on mapping products describing:
(i) vegetation; and
(ii) ancillary land information.
(3) In this section:
ancillary land information includes information about the soil type and foliage
cover of an area of land.
4.9
Validation
(1) The project proponent must validate the vegetation fuel type map as specified in
this section.
(2) The map must be validated using information from independent waypoints that
meet the requirements of section 4.10.
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(3) Geospatial software must be used to derive a standard error matrix by intersecting
the waypoints with the map.
(4) The standard error matrix must include errors of commission and omission.
(5) The data in the standard error matrix must be used to determine the accuracy of the
map as a percentage.
(6) If the accuracy is 80 per cent or greater, the process specified in this section has
been completed.
(7) If the accuracy is less than 80 per cent, the project proponent must repeat the
process specified in this section using additional waypoints.
(8) Validation must not have occurred earlier than three years before project
commencement.
4.10
Independent waypoints
(1) The independent waypoints used to validate the vegetation fuel type map must
meet the requirements of this section.
(2) The waypoints must:
(a) have an area of approximately 1 hectare; and
(b) be selected by stratified random sampling; and
(c) be selected with reference to transects or a grid that intersects all vegetation
fuel types in the project area; and
(d) be collected from the project area.
(3) The information from the waypoints must be derived from GPS-based:
(a) comprehensive ground information; or
(b) aerial information.
(4) The number of waypoints required to validate the map is determined in accordance
with Table C.
(5) The number of waypoints is the number specified in the middle column of Table C
that corresponds to the size of the project area specified in the left-hand column.
(6) If additional waypoints are required for validation, the number of additional
waypoints is the number specified in the right-hand column of Table C that
corresponds to the size of the project area specified in the left-hand column.
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Table C—Number of independent waypoints
Size of project area
Number of waypoints
> 20,000 km2
500 plus 1 waypoint for 100
every
100 km2
over
20,000 km2
10,000 km2–20,000km2
500
100
< 10,000 km
250
50
Division 4.3
4.11
Additional waypoints
Calculating fire scar area
General
(1) The area of each fire scar must be calculated for:
(a) each vegetation fuel type; in
(b) each carbon estimation area; in
(c) each fire season; in
(d) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(e) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
(2) The project proponent must meet the requirement in subsection (1) by either:
(a) using SavBAT2 with the vegetation fuel type map; or
(b) meeting the requirements in sections 4.12 to 4.16.
4.12
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Fire scar area
The requirements in this section must be met using GIS software.
To calculate the area of each fire scar, the project proponent must use:
(a) the vegetation fuel type map; and
(b) seasonal fire maps that meet the requirements of sections 4.14 to 4.16.
The vegetation fuel type map must be overlaid with each seasonal fire map
produced in accordance with section 4.14.
The overlay must produce a raster map for each fire season that allocates to each
pixel that is part of the fire scar:
(a) a vegetation fuel type; and
(b) a fire season; and
(c) a calendar year.
(5) The area of each fire scar must be estimated in hectares.
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4.13
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Monthly fire maps
A monthly fire map must be in raster format.
If the map is used to calculate a fire scar in the baseline period, it must have a pixel
size of 1 square kilometre or less.
If the map is used to designate a fire scar in the crediting period, it must have a
pixel size of 250 metres by 250 metres or less.
If 12 monthly fire maps are used to calculate emissions for a calendar year, the
maps must:
(a) adopt a consistent time series; and
(b) be derived from a single satellite imagery product.
(5) Gaps in the availability of satellite imagery products may be filled by
supplementing fine scale products with coarser scale products.
(6) The map may be sourced from the NAFI.
4.14
Seasonal fire maps
(1) Unless subsection (2) applies, a seasonal fire map must be produced for each fire
season in:
(a) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(b) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
(2) Provided that each fire season is uniquely identified, a single map may show the
area burnt in both fire seasons in a calendar year.
(3) The map must be in raster format.
(4) The map must be developed from all monthly fire maps falling within the relevant
fire season.
(5) The map must have the finest possible resolution allowed for by the monthly fire
maps.
(6) If any of the monthly fire maps are not sourced from the NAFI, the seasonal fire
map must be validated in accordance with section 4.15.
4.15
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Validation of seasonal fire maps not sourced from the NAFI
This section applies to each seasonal fire map not developed from monthly fire
maps sourced from the NAFI.
The project proponent must validate the map by completing the process specified in
this section.
The map must be validated using information from independent waypoints that
meet the requirements of section 4.16.
Geospatial software must be used to derive a standard error matrix by intersecting
the waypoints with the map.
The standard error matrix must include errors of commission and omission.
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(6) The data in the standard error matrix must be used to determine the accuracy of the
map as a percentage.
(7) If the accuracy is 80 per cent or greater, the process specified in this section has
been completed.
(8) If the accuracy is less than 80 per cent, the project proponent must repeat the
process specified in this section using additional waypoints.
(9) The number of additional waypoints is specified in Table D in section 4.16.
4.16
Validation of seasonal fire maps—independent waypoints
(1) The independent waypoints used to validate the vegetation fuel type map must
meet the requirements of this section.
(2) The waypoints must:
(a) have an area of approximately 1 hectare; and
(b) be selected using stratified random sampling; and
(c) be selected with reference to transects or a grid that intersects all vegetation
fuel types in the project area; and
(d) be collected from the project area.
(3) The information from the waypoints must be derived from GPS-based:
(a) comprehensive ground information; or
(b) aerial information.
(4) When meeting the requirements in subsection (2):
(a) data must be collected from waypoints that sample fire activity for each fire
season; and
(b) at each waypoint:
(i) a visual assessment must be made; and
(ii) a note made whether the area is burnt or unburnt.
(5) The number of waypoints required to validate the map is determined in accordance
with Table D.
(6) The number of waypoints is the number specified in the middle column of Table D
that corresponds to the size of the project area specified in the left-hand column.
(7) If additional waypoints are required for validation, the number of additional
waypoints is the number specified in the right-hand column of Table D that
corresponds to the size of the project area specified in the left-hand column.
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Table D—Number of independent waypoints
Size of project area
Number of waypoints
> 20,000 km2
500 plus 1 waypoint for 100
every
100 km2
over
20,000 km2
10,000 km2–20,000 km2
500
100
< 10,000 km
250
50
Division 4.4
Additional waypoints
Calculations
Subdivision 4.4.1 Carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount
4.17
Carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount
The carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount is calculated using
Equation 1.
Equation 1
𝐴 = ∑ 𝐴𝐷,𝑦
𝑦
Where:
𝐴 = the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount, in
tonnes CO2-e.
𝐴𝐷,𝑦 = discounted net annual project abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in
calendar year 𝑦 in the crediting period reported on—from
Subdivision 4.4.2.
Subdivision 4.4.2 Discounted net annual project abatement
4.18
General
Discounted net annual project abatement is calculated in accordance with this
Subdivision for each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
4.19
Discounted net annual project abatement—when value of retainer at
end of previous calendar year was zero or greater than zero
(1) This section applies if the value of the retainer at the end of the previous calendar
year was zero or greater than zero.
(2) Discounted net annual project abatement is zero if net annual project abatement—
from Equation 5—is less than zero.
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(3) Discounted net annual project abatement is calculated using Equation 2 if net
annual project abatement—from Equation 5—is zero or greater than zero.
𝐴𝐷,𝑦 = 𝐴𝑦 × 0.9
Equation 2
Where:
𝐴𝐷,𝑦 = discounted net annual project abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in
calendar year 𝑦 in the crediting period reported on.
𝐴𝑦 = net annual project abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar
year 𝑦 in the crediting period reported on—from Equation 5.
4.20
Discounted net annual project abatement—when value of retainer at
end of previous calendar year was less than zero
(1) This section applies if the value of the retainer at the end of the previous calendar
year was less than zero.
(2) Discounted net annual project abatement is zero if net annual project abatement—
from Equation 5—is less than zero.
(3) Discounted net annual project abatement is zero if:
(a) net annual project abatement—from Equation 5—is zero or greater than
zero; and
(b) the value of the retainer at the end of the previous calendar year multiplied
by -1 is greater than or equal to net annual project abatement.
(4) Discounted net annual project abatement is calculated using Equation 3 if:
(a) net annual project abatement—from Equation 5—is zero or greater than
zero; and
(b) the value of the retainer at the end of the previous calendar year multiplied
by -1 is less than net annual project abatement.
𝐴𝐷,𝑦 = 𝐴𝑦 + 𝑅𝑦−1
Equation 3
Where:
𝐴𝐷,𝑦 = discounted net annual project abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in
calendar year 𝑦 in the crediting period reported on.
𝐴𝑦 = net annual project abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar
year 𝑦 in the crediting period reported on—from Equation 5.
𝑅𝑦−1 = value of retainer, in tonnes CO2-e, at end of previous
calendar year 𝑦–1—from Equation 4A or 4B.
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4.21
Value of retainer at end of calendar year
The value of the retainer at the end of the calendar year:
(a) if discounted net annual project abatement was calculated in accordance
with subsection 4.19(2)—is calculated using Equation 4A; or
(b) if discounted net annual project abatement was calculated in accordance
with subsection 4.19(3)—is calculated using Equation 4B; or
(c) if discounted net annual abatement was calculated in accordance with
subsection 4.20(2)—is calculated using Equation 4A; or
(d) if discounted net annual project abatement was calculated in accordance
with subsection 4.20(3)—is calculated using Equation 4A; or
(e) if discounted net annual abatement was calculated in accordance with
subsection 4.20(4)—is zero.
𝑅𝑦 = 𝑅𝑦−1 + 𝐴𝑦
𝑅𝑦 = 𝑅𝑦−1 + (𝐴𝑦 × 0.1)
Equation 4A
Equation 4B
Where:
𝑅𝑦 = value of retainer, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦.
𝑅𝑦−1 = value of retainer, in tonnes CO2-e, at end of previous
calendar year 𝑦.
𝐴𝑦 = net annual project abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar
year 𝑦 in the crediting period reported on—from Equation 5.
Subdivision 4.4.3 Net annual abatement
4.22
Net annual project abatement
Net annual project abatement is calculated using Equation 5 for each calendar year
in the crediting period reported on.
Equation 5
𝐴𝑦 = ∑ 𝐴𝑦,𝑐
𝑐
Where:
𝐴𝑦 = net annual project abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar
year 𝑦.
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𝐴𝑦,𝑐 = net annual abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in
the crediting period reported on in carbon estimation area 𝑐—
from Equation 6.
4.23
Use of SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement
(1) The project proponent may use SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
Note In SavBAT2, the output for net annual abatement is ‘Net annual project abatement’ in
Table 28.
(2) If the project proponent uses SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement, fossil
fuel emissions must be:
(a) calculated in accordance with Subdivision 4.4.6; and
(b) entered into SavBAT2 as fuel usage details.
(3) If the project proponent does not use SavBAT2, the project proponent must
calculate net annual abatement by completing the calculations in:
(a) this Subdivision; and
(b) Subdivision 4.4.4; and
(c) Subdivision 4.4.5; and
(d) Subdivision 4.4.6.
4.24
Net annual abatement
Net annual abatement is calculated using Equation 6 for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
̅ 𝐵,𝑐 − 𝐸𝑃,𝑦,𝑐
𝐴𝑦,𝑐 = 𝐸
Equation 6
Where:
𝐴𝑦,𝑐 = Net annual abatement, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in
carbon estimation area 𝑐.
̅ 𝐵,𝑐 = average annual baseline emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in
𝐸
carbon estimation area 𝑐—from Equation 7A or 7B.
𝐸𝑃,𝑦,𝑐 = project emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in the
crediting period reported on in carbon estimation area 𝑐—
from Equation 8.
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4.25
Average annual baseline emissions
(1) Average annual baseline emissions are calculated:
(a) if the carbon estimation area is in the low-rainfall zone—using
Equation 7A; or
(b) if the carbon estimation area is in the high-rainfall zone—using
Equation 7B.
(2) Average annual baseline emissions are calculated for each carbon estimation area.
𝐸̅𝐵,𝑐
∑𝑦 𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐
=
15
𝐸̅𝐵,𝑐
∑𝑦 𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐
=
10
Equation 7A
Equation 7B
Where:
𝐸̅𝐵,𝑐 = average annual baseline emissions in calendar year 𝑦 in
carbon estimation area 𝑐, in tonnes CO2-e.
𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐 = fire emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐.
4.26
Annual project emissions
Annual project emissions are calculated using Equation 8 for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
𝐸𝑃,𝑦,𝑐 = 𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐 + 𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐
Equation 8
Where:
𝐸𝑃,𝑦,𝑐 = project emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in
carbon estimation area 𝑐.
𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐 = fire emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐—from Equation 9.
𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐 = fossil fuel emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in
carbon estimation area 𝑐—from Equation 19.
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Subdivision 4.4.4 Baseline and project fire emissions
4.27
Fire emissions
Fire emissions are calculated using Equation 9 for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(c) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
Equation 9
𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐 = ∑ 𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠
𝑠
Where:
𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐 = fire emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐.
𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = fire emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠—from Equation 10.
4.28
Fire emissions—by fire season
Fire emissions are calculated using Equation 10 for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each fire season; in
(c) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(d) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = 𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 × 𝑆𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠
Equation 10
Where:
𝐸𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = fire emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠.
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential fire emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per hectare, in
calendar year 𝑦 in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠—
from Equation 11.
𝑆𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = area burnt, in hectares, in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠—from Equation 16.
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4.29
Potential fire emissions
Potential fire emissions are calculated using Equation 11 for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each fire season; in
(c) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(d) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
Equation 11
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = 𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 + 𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 + 𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 + 𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠
Where:
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential fire emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per hectare, in
calendar year 𝑦 in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠.
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential methane emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per hectare,
from fine fuels in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon estimation area 𝑐
in fire season 𝑠—from Equation 12.
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential methane emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per hectare,
from non-fine fuels in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon estimation
area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠—from Equation 13.
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential nitrous oxide emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per
hectare, from fine fuels in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠—from Equation 14.
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential nitrous oxide emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per
hectare, from non-fine fuels in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠—from Equation 15.
4.30
Potential methane emissions—fine fuel size class
Potential methane emissions from the fine fuel size class are calculated using
Equation 12 for:
(a) each vegetation fuel type; in
(b) each carbon estimation area; in
(c) each fire season; in
(d) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(e) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
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Equation 12
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = ∑(𝐵𝐸𝑠 × 𝑊𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 × 𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4,𝑣 × 𝐶𝐶𝑣 × 1.3333 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 )
𝑣
Where:
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential methane emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per hectare,
from fine fuels in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon estimation area 𝑐
in fire season 𝑠.
𝐵𝐸𝑠 = burning efficiency in fire season 𝑠—from Table F in
Schedule 2.
𝑊𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 = fine fuel load, in tonnes per hectare, of vegetation fuel type 𝑣
in fire season 𝑠 in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in calendar year
𝑦—from Equation 17.
𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4,𝑣 = methane emission factor for vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from
Table H in Schedule 2.
𝐶𝐶𝑣 = carbon content for vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table I in
Schedule 2.
1.3333 = ratio of molecular to elemental mass for methane.
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 = global warming potential of methane—from the NGER
Regulations.
4.31
Potential methane emissions—coarse, heavy and shrub fuel size
classes
Potential methane emissions from the coarse, heavy and shrub fuel size classes are
calculated using Equation 13 for:
(a) each vegetation fuel type; in
(b) each carbon estimation area; in
(c) each fire season; in
(d) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(e) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
Equation 13
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = ∑ ∑(𝐵𝐸𝑠,𝑘 × 𝑊𝑣,𝑘 × 𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4,𝑣,𝑘 × 𝐶𝐶𝑣,𝑘 × 1.3333 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 )
𝑣
𝑘
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Where:
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝐶𝐻4,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential methane emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per hectare,
from non-fine fuels in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon estimation
area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠.
𝐵𝐸𝑠,𝑘 = burning efficiency in fire season 𝑠 of coarse, heavy or shrub
fuel size class 𝑘—from Table F in Schedule 2.
𝑊𝑣,𝑘 = fuel load, in tonnes per hectare, for coarse, heavy or shrub
fuel size class 𝑘 of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table G in
Schedule 2.
𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4,𝑣,𝑘 = methane emission factor for coarse, heavy or shrub fuel size
class 𝑘 of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table H in
Schedule 2.
𝐶𝐶𝑣,𝑘 = carbon content for coarse, heavy or shrub fuel size class 𝑘 of
vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table I in Schedule 2.
1.3333 = ratio of molecular to elemental mass for methane.
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 = global warming potential of methane—from the NGER
Regulations.
4.32
Potential nitrous oxide emissions—fine fuel size class
Potential nitrous oxide emissions from the fine fuel class are calculated using
Equation 14 for:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
each vegetation fuel type; in
each carbon estimation area; in
each fire season; in
each calendar year in the baseline period; and
each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
Equation 14
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = ∑(𝐵𝐸𝑠 × 𝑊𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 × 𝐸𝐹𝑁2𝑂,𝑣 × 𝐶𝐶𝑣 × 𝑁𝐶𝑣 × 1.5714 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 )
𝑣
Where:
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential nitrous oxide emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per
hectare, from fine fuels in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon
estimation area 𝑐 in fire season 𝑠.
𝐵𝐸𝑠 = burning efficiency in fire season 𝑠—from Table F in
Schedule 2.
𝑊𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 = fine fuel load, in tonnes per hectare, of vegetation fuel type 𝑣
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in fire season 𝑠 in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in calendar year
𝑦—from Equation 17.
𝐸𝐹𝑁2𝑂,𝑣 = Nitrous oxide emission factor of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—
from Table J in Schedule 2.
𝐶𝐶𝑣 = carbon content of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table I in
Schedule 2.
𝑁𝐶𝑣 = nitrogen to carbon ratio of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from
Table K in Schedule 2.
1.5714 = ratio of molecular to elemental mass for nitrous oxide.
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 = global warming potential of nitrous oxide—from the NGER
Regulations.
4.33
Potential nitrous oxide emissions—coarse, heavy and shrub fuel size
classes
Potential nitrous oxide emissions from the coarse, heavy and shrub fuel size classes
are calculated using Equation 15 for:
(a) each vegetation fuel type; in
(b) each carbon estimation area; in
(c) each fire season; in
(d) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(e) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
Equation 15
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = ∑ ∑(𝐵𝐸𝑠,𝑘 × 𝑊𝑣,𝑘 × 𝐸𝐹𝑁2𝑂,𝑣,𝑘 × 𝐶𝐶𝑣,𝑘 × 𝑁𝐶𝑣,𝑘 × 1.5714 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 )
𝑣
𝑘
Where:
𝐸𝑃𝑜,𝑁20,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = potential nitrous oxide emissions, in tonnes CO2-e per
hectare, from non-fine fuels in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in
fire season 𝑠 in calendar year 𝑦.
𝐵𝐸𝑠,𝑘 = burning efficiency in fire season 𝑠 of coarse, heavy or shrub
fuel size class 𝑘—from Table F in Schedule 2.
𝑊𝑣,𝑘 = fuel load, in tonnes per hectare, for coarse, heavy or shrub
fuel size class 𝑘 of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table G in
Schedule 2.
𝐸𝐹𝑁2𝑂,𝑣,𝑘 = nitrous oxide emission factor for coarse, heavy or shrub fuel
size class 𝑘 of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table J in
Schedule 2.
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𝐶𝐶𝑣,𝑘 = carbon content for coarse, heavy or shrub fuel size class 𝑘 of
vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table I in Schedule 2.
𝑁𝐶𝑣,𝑘 = nitrogen to carbon ratio for coarse, heavy or shrub fuel size
class 𝑘 of vegetation fuel type 𝑣—from Table K in
Schedule 2.
1.5714 = ratio of molecular to elemental mass for nitrous oxide.
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 = global warming potential of nitrous oxide—from the NGER
Regulations.
4.34
Area burnt
The area burnt is calculated using Equation 16 for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each fire season; in
(c) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(d) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
𝑆𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = 𝑆𝐶,𝑦,𝑐 × 𝑃𝑠
Equation 16
Where:
𝑆𝐹,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠 = area burnt, in hectares, in fire season 𝑠 in carbon estimation
area 𝑐 in calendar year 𝑦.
𝑆𝐶,𝑦,𝑐 = fire scar area, in hectares, in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in fire
season 𝑠 in calendar year 𝑦—from Division 4.3.
𝑃𝑠 = patchiness for fire season 𝑠—from Table E in Schedule 2.
Subdivision 4.4.5 Fine fuels
4.35
Fine fuel load values
The fine fuel load value is calculated using Equation 17 for:
(a) each vegetation fuel type; in
(b) each carbon estimation area; in
(c) each fire season; in
(d) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(e) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
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Equation 17
𝑊𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 = ∑ (𝑅𝐹𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 × 𝐹𝐴𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑣,𝑠 )
𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵
Where:
𝑊𝐹𝑖,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 = fine fuel load, in tonnes per hectare, of vegetation fuel type 𝑣
in fire season 𝑠 in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in calendar year
𝑦.
𝑅𝐹𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 = the relative frequency of the area burned, in hectares, of each
vegetation fuel type 𝑣 in fire season 𝑠 in calendar year 𝑦 in
carbon estimation area 𝑐 for each YSLB value—from section
4.36—relative to the total area burned of vegetation fuel
type 𝑣—from Equation 18.
𝐹𝐴𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑣,𝑠 = fine fuel accumulation value for YSLB value, in tonnes per
hectare, for vegetation fuel type 𝑣 in fire season 𝑠—from
Table L in Schedule 2.
4.36
Calculating relative frequency distribution of fire history
The relative frequency distribution of each YSLB value is calculated using
Equation 18 for:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
each vegetation fuel type; in
each carbon estimation area; in
each fire season; in
each calendar year in the baseline period; and
each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
Equation 18
𝑅𝐹𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 =
𝑆𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣
∑𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵 𝑆𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣
Where:
𝑅𝐹𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 = the relative frequency of the area burned, in hectares, of each
vegetation fuel type 𝑣 in fire season 𝑠 in calendar year 𝑦 in
carbon estimation area 𝑐 for each YSLB value, relative to the
total area burned of vegetation fuel type 𝑣.
𝑆𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 = the area burned, in hectares, of each vegetation fuel type 𝑣 in
fire season 𝑠 in calendar year 𝑦 in carbon estimation area 𝑐
for each YSLB value.
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4.37
Calculating YSLB
(1) The project proponent must produce a YSLB map for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(c) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
(2) Each YSLB map must be produced using GIS software.
(3) Each YSLB map must be produced by:
(a) aggregating the monthly fire maps produced in accordance with Division
4.3 into yearly fire maps for:
(i) the calendar year for which the YSLB map is produced; and
(ii) each of the previous 5 calendar years; and
(b) determining in which calendar year each pixel in the yearly fire maps most
recently burned; and
(c) assigning to the corresponding pixel in the YSLB map:
(i) if the pixel burned in the calendar year for which the YSLB map is
produced—a value of zero; or
(ii) if the pixel burned in the previous 5 calendar years—a value
between 1 and 5 representing the number of calendar years since the
pixel last burned; or
(iii) otherwise—a value of 6.
4.38
Calculating area burned for each YSLB value
(1) For each YSLB value, the project proponent must determine the area burned for:
(a) each vegetation fuel type; in
(b) each carbon estimation area; in
(c) each fire season; in
(d) each calendar year in the baseline period; and
(e) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
(2) The area (𝑆𝑌𝑆𝐿𝐵,𝑦,𝑐,𝑠,𝑣 ) is determined by overlaying the YSLB map with the
vegetation fuel type map.
Subdivision 4.4.6 Project fossil fuel emissions
4.39
Fossil fuel emissions
Fossil fuel emissions are calculated using Equation 19 for:
(a) each carbon estimation area; in
(b) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
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Equation 19
𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐 = ∑ ∑ 𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑖,𝑗
𝑖
𝑗
Where:
𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐 = fossil fuel emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in carbon estimation
area 𝑐 in calendar year 𝑦.
𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑖,𝑗 = fossil fuel emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in carbon estimation
area 𝑐 in calendar year 𝑦 for fossil fuel type 𝑖 and greenhouse
gas 𝑗—from Equation 20.
4.40
Fossil fuel emissions—by fuel type and greenhouse gas
(1) Fossil fuel emissions must be calculated using Equation 20 for:
(a) each greenhouse gas; from
(b) each fossil fuel type used; in
(c) each carbon estimation area; in
(d) each calendar year in the crediting period reported on.
(2) If the amount of a fossil fuel type used is estimated in gigajoules, then the value of
𝐸𝐶𝑖 is 1.
𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑖,𝑗 =
𝐹𝐶𝑦,𝑐,𝑖 × 𝐸𝐶𝑖 × 𝐸𝐹𝑗,𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑐
Equation 20
1000
Where:
𝐸𝐹𝑜,𝑦,𝑐,𝑖,𝑗 = fossil fuel emissions, in tonnes CO2-e, in carbon estimation
area 𝑐 in calendar year 𝑦 for fossil fuel type 𝑖 and greenhouse
gas 𝑗.
𝐹𝐶𝑦,𝑐,𝑖 = amount of fossil fuel type 𝑖 used, in cubic metres or
gigajoules, in carbon estimation area 𝑐 in calendar year 𝑦.
𝐸𝐶𝑖 = energy content, in gigajoules per kilolitre, of fossil fuel
type 𝑖—from the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting
(Measurement) Determination 2008.
𝐸𝐹𝑗,𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑐 = emission factor, in kilograms CO2-e per gigajoule, for each
greenhouse gas 𝑗 that includes an oxidisation factor for each
fossil fuel type 𝑖—from the National Greenhouse and Energy
Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008.
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Part 5
Reporting, record-keeping and
monitoring requirements
Division 5.1
Offsets report requirements
5.1
Operation of this Division
For paragraph 106(3)(a) of the Act, this Division sets out information that must be
included in an offsets report about a savanna fire management project that is an
eligible offsets project.
Note Other reporting requirements are set out in rules made under the Act.
5.2
First offsets report
(1) The first offsets report must include the following:
(a) every vegetation fuel map validated in accordance with section 4.9;
(b) a map combining each validated vegetation fuel type map and the savanna
burning rainfall map showing in which rainfall zone or zones each carbon
estimation area is located;
(c) the baseline mean annual number of stock, in adult animal equivalents.
(2) Each vegetation fuel map provided in accordance with paragraph (1)(a) must be
accompanied by an audit report relating to the validation of the map prepared in
accordance with the rules made under the Act.
5.3
Each offsets report
(1) Each offsets report, including the first offsets report, must include the following:
(a) a description of the project activities undertaken in each carbon estimation
area;
(b) the number of domestic stock, in adult animal equivalents, in each year of
the reporting period;
(c) the project mean annual number of stock, in adult animal equivalents;
(d) the result of every calculation used to calculate discounted net annual
project abatement in accordance with Subdivision 4.4.2.
(2) The description mentioned in paragraph (1)(a) must cover the location, timing and
ignition source for all planned and unplanned early dry season fires in the carbon
estimation area.
5.4
Offsets reports if SavBAT2 used
(1) This section applies if in the reporting period covered by the offsets report the
project proponent used SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement for a carbon
estimation area in accordance with section 4.23.
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(2) The report produced by SavBAT2 for that carbon estimation area must be included
for each calendar year in the crediting period covered by the offsets report.
(3) This section applies in relation to all offsets reports, including the first offsets
report.
5.5
Offsets reports if SavBAT2 not used
(1) This section applies if in the reporting period covered by the offsets report the
project proponent did not use SavBAT2 to calculate net annual abatement.
(2) The offsets report must include:
(a) copies of each seasonal fire map mentioned in section 4.14; and
(b) for each monthly fire map not sourced from the NAFI—an audit report
relating to the validation of the map prepared in accordance with the rules
made under the Act.
(3) This section applies in relation to all offsets reports, including the first offsets
report.
Division 5.2
Monitoring
5.6
Operation of this Division
For paragraph 106(3)(d) of the Act, this Division sets out monitoring requirements
for a savanna fire management project that is an eligible offsets project.
5.7
Fossil fuel use
(1) For each fossil fuel type—the project proponent must monitor the amount of fuel,
in kilolitres, combusted when undertaking project activities in each carbon
estimation area in each calendar year in the crediting period reported.
(2) The amount of fossil fuel may be monitored from the following:
(a) invoices;
(b) vehicle logbooks;
(c) aircraft logbooks;
(d) records of project activities;
(e) reports of calculated consumption based on hourly or per hectare
consumption rates.
(3) If fossil fuel use for project activities cannot be monitored separately from fossil
fuel use for non-project activities, estimates of fossil fuel use for project activities
may be based on the time spent undertaking project activities and the known
average fuel consumption of vehicles or machinery.
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Schedule 1 Vegetation fuel types
Rainfall
Zone
Veget
ation
fuel
type
Canopy
Height
(m)
Foliage
cover
(%)
Canopy
trees
Majority
>15
hOF
M
Majority
>8
hW
Mi
hWH
u
hSH
H
Majority
>8
Majority
<5
Shrubs
30-70
(trees)
Eucalypts
(e.g.
Eucalyptus
tetrodonta,
E. miniata)
Various—well
developed
shrub layer
may / may not
be present
10-30
(trees)
Various
eucalypts,
often with
other taxa
(e.g.
Erythrophle
um,
Terminalia,
Xanthostemo
n)
Various—well
developed
shrub layer
may / may not
be present
10-30
(trees)
Various
eucalypts,
often with
other taxa
(e.g.
Erythrophle
um,
Terminalia,
Xanthostemo
n)
Various—well
developed
shrub layer
may / may not
be present;
where present,
may include
woody heath
taxa as listed
for Sandstone
heath
Occasional
trees
Conspicuous
cover of
heathy shrubs
(e.g. Acacia,
Calytrix,
Grevillea,
Hibbertia,
Hibiscus,
Jacksonia,
Tephrosia,
Verticordia)
>1000m
m
0-30
(shrubs)
Characteristic
substrates
Characteristic species
Grasses
Dominated
by Native
perennial
and annual
tussock
grasses; may
include
some
hummock
grasses
Dominated
by Native
perennial
and annual
tussock
grasses; may
include
some
hummock
grasses
Dominated
by hummock
(Triodia)
grasses. A
mixture of
native
perennial
and annual
tussock
grasses may
also be
present.
Hummock
(Triodia)
grasses,
and\or other
perennial
restios
(Lepyrodia,
Dapsilanthu
s) sedges
(Schoenus
sparteus) or
graminoids
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Well drained
deep soils, often
sandy loams
Various
situations, from
well-drained
gravelly sites to
those with
impeded
drainage
Shallow to
rocky substrates
derived
typically from
sandstone,
metamorphosed
sandstone (e.g.
quartzite),
sometimes
laterised
Shallow to
rocky substrates
derived
typically from
sandstone,
metamorphosed
sandstone (e.g.
quartzite),
sometimes
laterised;
sandsheets
36
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Rainfall
Zone
Veget
ation
fuel
type
Canopy
Height
(m)
Foliage
cover
(%)
Characteristic
substrates
Characteristic species
Canopy
trees
Shrubs
Grasses
(e.g.
Lomandra,
Xanthorrhoe
a).
10-30%
lWTu
30-70
(CC>50)
6001000mm
generally
>10 m
various
Eucalyptus
(e.g. E.
tectifica, ),
Corymbia
(e.g. C.
opaca) often
with other
taxa (e.g.
Erythrophle
um,
Terminalia)
Well
developed
shrub layer
may/not be
present.
Native
perennial
and annual
tussock
grasses
Generally deep
well drained
soils to those
with impeded
drainage,
typically on flat
to undulating
landtypes with
fertile volcanicderived
substrates.
generally
10-30m
Eucalypts
(eg
E.tetrodonta,
E.miniata)
various well
developed
shrub layer
may/not be
present
Native
perennial &
annual
tussock
grass
Well drained
deep soils,
often sandy
loams
generally
>10 m
various
Eucalyptus
(e.g. E.
tetrodonta)
and
Corymbia
spp, often
with other
taxa (e.g.
Erythrophle
um,
Terminalia,
Callitris)
Well
developed
shrub layer
may/not be
present.
Native
perennial
and annual
tussock
grass usually
dominant,
often
associated
with
hummock
(Triodia)
grasses
Various
situations
including
undulating to
hilly landtypes
on imperfectly
to well drained
sites with
shallow soils.
Hummock
(Triodia)
grasses
usually
dominant, or
codominant
with tussock
grasses
Rocky shallow
soils derived
typically from
sandstone
(quartzite); also
lateritic hills
and plateau.
Hummock
(Triodia)
grasses often
dominant,
occurring
with
Shallow
substrates on
undulating stony
rises and rocky
hills.
lWMi
10-30%
(CC>20)
lWHu
lOW
M
10-30%
(CC>20)
generally
>10 m
various
Eucalyptus,
Corymbia
<10%
(CC<20)
occasion
al stems,
generally
<10 m
various
Eucalyptus,
Corymbia,
including
C.dichromop
hloia,
Well
developed
shrub layer
may/not be
present.
Where
present, may
include woody
heath taxa
Well
developed
shrub layer
may/not be
present.
Where
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Rainfall
Zone
Veget
ation
fuel
type
Canopy
Height
(m)
Foliage
cover
(%)
Canopy
trees
E.leucophloi
a,
E.brevifolia,
E.pruinosa.
Shrubs
Grasses
present, may
include woody
heath taxa
tussock
grass.
< 30%
(shrubs)
<5 m
sparse trees
Dominant
shrub layer of
Acacia species
and various
other taxa (eg:
Calytrix,
Grevillea,
Jacksonia).
10-70%
(grass)
<2 m
sparse trees
Sparse
<5 m
Melaleuca
species, M.
viridiflora,
Eucalyptus
pruinosa.
lSHH
<30%
Characteristic
substrates
Characteristic species
Sparse
Hummock
(Triodia)
grass
understorey.
A mixture
of other
native
sedges
(Cyperaceae
&
Restionaceae
),
graminoids
(e.g.
Lomandra,
Xanthorrhoe
a) and
grasses may
also be
present.
Hummock
(Triodia)
grass
understorey.
A mixture
of other
native
sedges
(Cyperaceae
&
Restionaceae
),
graminoids
(e.g.
Lomandra,
Xanthorrhoe
a) and
grasses may
also be
present.
Hummock
(Triodia)
grass
understorey.
A mixture
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EXPOSURE DRAFT
Sand plains
often over
laterite, or
rocky, shallow
substrates
derived from
sandstone
Undulating
plains, stony
rises & lower
slopes.
38
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Rainfall
Zone
Veget
ation
fuel
type
Canopy
Height
(m)
Foliage
cover
(%)
Characteristic
substrates
Characteristic species
Canopy
trees
Shrubs
Grasses
of other
native
sedges
(Cyperaceae
&
Restionaceae
),
graminoids
(e.g.
Lomandra,
Xanthorrhoe
a) and
grasses may
also be
present.
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Schedule 2 Tables
5.8
Table E—Patchiness
Fire
season
Patchiness
>1000 mm Zone 600-1000 mm
Zone
0.709
0.79
0.889
0.97
EDS
LDS
Note Table E is the same as Table 1 in SavBAT2.
5.9
Table F—Burning efficiency
Rainfall zone
Fuel size class
>1000 mm
Early Dry
Season
0.7444
0.1464
0.1708
0.2896
0.799
0.109
0.067
0.098
Fine
Coarse
Heavy
Shrub
Fine
Coarse
Heavy
Shrub
600-1000 mm
Late Dry
Season
0.8604
0.3571
0.3093
0.3934
0.833
0.202
0.119
0.110
Note Table F is the same as Table 2 in SavBAT2.
5.10
Table G—Fuel loads
Vegetation fuel
type
hOFM
hWMi
hWHu
hSHH
lWHu
lWMi
lWTu
lOWM
lSHH
Coarse
1.4
0.9
1.2
0.6
1.85
0.69
1.39
0.76
0.73
Fuel Size Class
Heavy
4.8
2.2
3.4
1.7
1.15
2.02
1.25
0.8
0.17
Shrub
1.5
0.5
1.7
1.8
1.84
0.66
0.27
1.13
0.87
Note Table G is the same as Table 13 in SavBAT2.
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5.11
Table H—Emission factor for methane
Fuel size class
Vegetation fuel
type
Fine
Coarse
Heavy
0.0031
0.01
0.0031
hOFM
0.0031
0.0031
0.01
hWMi
0.0031
0.0031
0.01
hWHu
0.0015
0.0015
0.01
hSHH
0.0015
0.0015
0.0158
lWHu
0.0017
0.0017
0.0158
lWMi
0.0016
0.0016
0.0158
lWTu
0.0012
0.0012
0.0111
lOWM
0.0013
0.0013
0.0111
lSHH
Shrub
0.0031
0.0031
0.0031
0.0015
0.0015
0.0017
0.0016
0.0012
0.0013
Note Table H is the same as Table 5 in SavBAT2.
5.12
Table I—Carbon content
Vegetation fuel
type
fine
hOFM
hWMi
hWHu
hSHH
lWHu
lWMi
lWTu
lOWM
lSHH
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.397
0.397
0.41
0.399
0.398
Fuel size class
coarse
heavy
shrub
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.482
0.482
0.482
0.482
0.482
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.485
0.485
0.485
0.485
0.485
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.482
0.482
0.482
0.482
0.482
Note Table I is the same as Table 7 in SavBAT2.
5.13
Table J—Emission factor for nitrous oxide
Vegetation fuel
type
Fuel size class
Fine
Coarse
Heavy
0.0075
0.0036
0.0075
hOFM
0.0075
0.0075
0.0036
hWMi
0.0075
0.0075
0.0036
hWHu
0.0066
0.0066
0.0036
hSHH
0.006
0.006
0.0146
lWHu
0.006
0.006
0.0146
lWMi
0.012
0.012
0.0146
lWTu
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Shrub
0.0075
0.0075
0.0075
0.0066
0.006
0.006
0.012
41
EXPOSURE DRAFT
0.006
0.0059
lOWM
lSHH
0.006
0.0059
0.0146
0.0146
0.006
0.0059
Note Table J is the same as Table 6 in SavBAT2.
5.14
Table K—Nitrogen to carbon ratio
Vegetation fuel
Fuel size class
type
fine
coarse
heavy
hOFM
hWMi
hWHu
hSHH
lWHu
lWMi
lWTu
lOWM
lSHH
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0113
0.0118
0.0105
0.0102
0.0107
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.00389
0.00389
0.00389
0.00389
0.00389
shrub
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.0081
0.01497
0.01497
0.01497
0.01497
0.01497
0.0093
0.0093
0.0093
0.0093
0.00389
0.00389
0.00389
0.00389
0.00389
Note Table K is the same as Table 8 in SavBAT2.
5.15
Table L—Fine fuel accumulation value
Fire
season
EDS
LDS
EDS
LDS
Vegetation fuel
type
hOFM
hWMi
hWHu
hSHH
hOFM
hWMi
hWHu
hSHH
lWHu
lWMi
lWTu
lOWM
lSHH
lWHu
lWMi
lWTu
lOWM
YSLB (n)
1
2.74
3.80
2.08
1.88
4.44
5.5
3.78
3.58
1.75
2.00
2.71
2.79
1.00
2.01
2.28
3.05
2.97
2
4.25
4.41
3.41
3.55
5.95
6.11
5.11
5.25
3.14
2.69
4.48
3.66
2.11
3.40
2.97
4.82
3.84
3
5.07
4.51
4.25
5.03
6.77
6.21
5.95
6.73
4.12
2.89
5.52
3.91
3.08
4.38
3.17
5.86
4.09
4
5.53
4.53
4.79
6.35
7.23
6.23
6.49
8.05
4.80
2.95
6.12
3.98
3.93
5.06
3.23
6.46
4.16
Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Emissions Abatement
through Savanna Fire Management) Methodology Determination 2015
EXPOSURE DRAFT
5
5.78
4.53
5.14
7.51
7.48
6.23
6.84
9.21
5.27
2.97
6.47
4.01
4.68
5.53
3.25
6.81
4.19
>5
6.06
4.53
5.68
11.64
7.76
6.23
7.38
13.34
5.60
2.98
6.68
4.01
5.32
5.86
3.26
7.02
4.19
42
EXPOSURE DRAFT
lSHH
1.28
2.39
3.36
4.21
4.96
5.60
Note Table L is the same as Table 4 in SavBAT2.
Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative—Emissions Abatement
through Savanna Fire Management) Methodology Determination 2015
EXPOSURE DRAFT
43