Referencing for Pharmacy
Formatting a reference
Book
Template
Author/s (Family name, Initials) (Year)Title of book, Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example
McKinnell, R.G. (2006) The biological basis of cancer. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Book chapter
Template
Author/s of chapter (Family name, Initials) (Year) Title of chapter. In: Editor of book
(Surname, Initials), editor(s). Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, pp. Start
page – end page.
Example
Collins, I. and Workman, P. (2008) Modern cancer drug discovery. In: Neidle, S. (ed.)
Cancer drug design and discovery. London: Academic, pp. 3-38.
The University of Bradford retains copyright for this material, which may not be reproduced without prior written
permission. If you need to view this document in an alternative format or have any comments on the content email:
lib-webadmin@bradford.ac.uk
October 2014
Major reference work
For example: British National Formulary, Merck Index, Martindale, encyclopaedias and
dictionaries.
Template
Title of work. (Year) Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, pp. Start page – end page.
NB No author’s or editor’s name is given.
Example
Merck Index. (2001) 13th ed. Rahway, N.J.: Merck, pp. 738-739.
Journal article
Template
Author/s (Family name, Initials) (Year) Title of article. Title of journal, Volume (Issue), Start
page – end page.
Examples
Newell, D R. (2005) How to develop a successful cancer drug - molecules to medicines or
targets to treatments? European Journal of Cancer, 41 (5), 676-682.
Parkin, D M., Bray, F. Ferlay, J. and Pisani, P. (2005) Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA: a
cancer journal for clinicians, 55 (2), 74-108.
Web page
Authors may be institutions rather than individuals. This is true for any type of publication, but
most commonly seen in Web page references.
Template
Author/s (Family name, Initials) (Year) Title. Publisher. Available from: Web address. (Date
aceessed).
Example
Cancer Research UK. (2012) Mortality from cancer worldwide. Cancer Research UK.
Available from:
http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/geographic/world/mortality/ (Accessed 24
April 2013).
2
October 2014
Citing in the text
Every time you refer to someone else’s work you must cite them. The citation consists of the
authors’ family names and the year or the organization name and the year.
Examples of citations
(McKinnell, 2006)
(Collins and Workman, 2008)
(Parkin et al., 2005)
(Cancer Research UK, 2012)
How many authors should I list?
Many articles are written by more than one person, but articles would soon become very long if
you had to list them all in the citation and the reference list.
Citations rule
List all authors up to a maximum of two. If there are more than two, list the first one followed by
et al.
References rule:
List all authors up to a maximum of six. If there are more than six, list the first six followed by et
al.
Direct quotations
Direct quotation of text is not used in advanced scientific work.
3
October 2014
Charts, diagrams and images
Charts, diagrams, images etc. are frequently found in advanced scientific work and you should
include the page number when you cite them.
Example of image and citation
Fig. 1 DNA damage and cancer (Adams et al, 2012 p.7)
Example of reference
Adams, S.F., George, S. and Al-Shammari, J. (2013) The biology of cancer. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
4
October 2014
Sample essay section
Drugs and cancer
What causes cancer?
When the DNA in the cell’s genetic material becomes damaged, it can be repaired. However if
there is a problem with the repair process then this may lead to cancer (see Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 DNA damage and cancer (Adams et al, 2012 p.7)
Many factors are known to increase the risk of cancer, including smoking, alcohol and diet
(McKinnell, 2006).
How common is cancer?
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world and its incidence is increasing (Parkin
et al., 2005). It is a major cause of death in all areas of the world, including developing countries
(Cancer Research UK, 2012).
Drug treatments for cancer
However, the cure rate for many forms of cancer is also increasing (Collins and Workman, 2008),
thanks to the use of drugs such as tamoxifen (Merck Index, 2001).
In the last few years, the process of cancer drug discovery has been transformed by the
development of targeted therapies (Newell, 2005).
5
October 2014
References
Adams, S.F., George, S. and Al-Shammari, J. (2012). The biology of cancer. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Cancer Research UK. (2012) Mortality from cancer worldwide. Cancer Research UK. Available
from: http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/geographic/world/mortality/ (Accessed 24
April 2013).
Collins, I. and Workman, P. (2008) Modern cancer drug discovery. In: Neidle, S. (ed.) Cancer drug
design and discovery. London: Academic, pp. 3-38.
McKinnell, R.G. (2006) The biological basis of cancer. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Merck Index (2001) 13th ed. Rahway, N.J.: Merck, pp. 738-739.
Newell, D.R. (2005) How to develop a successful cancer drug - molecules to medicines or targets
to treatments? European Journal of Cancer, 41 (5), 676-682.
Parkin, D.M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J. and Pisani, P. (2005) Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA: a cancer
journal for clinicians, 55 (2), 74-108.
6
October 2014