Name____________________
Test Date____________
Parent Signature____________________________
Unit 4 – Inside Earth
OVERVIEW - Surface and subsurface processes that are involved in the formation and
destruction of earth materials are identified in this unit.
Standard for this unit
Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
Compare and contrast the Earth’s crust, mantle, and core including temperature,
density, and composition.
Recognize that lithospheric plates constantly move and cause major geological
events on the earth’s surface.
Explain the effects of physical processes (plate tectonics, erosion, deposition,
volcanic eruption, gravity) on geological features including oceans (composition,
currents, and tides).
Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
Describe how fossils show evidence of the changing surface and climate of the
Earth.
---------------------------------------------------------Questions – students will be asked to answer these during this unit of study
#1 How are the earth’s layers alike and different?
#2 What challenges stand in the way of sending explorers to the center of the earth?
#3 How does the movement of lithospheric plates cause major events on earth’s surface?
#4 What evidence do scientists have that continents were once joined together?
#5 Why do mountains often occur in ranges thousands of kilometers long?
#6 What can fossils tell us about movements of the plates in the past?
1. The earth is layered with
__________________ metallic, inner core is____________, outer core is _______
__________________ solid but is hot enough to __________________
__________________ made of ________________ and __________________
2. Draw a picture of Earth’s layers.
3. Each layer differs in __________________, __________________& _____________
4. Complete the chart.
Layer
Composition
Density
Temperature
5. Temperature and density __________________ as __________________ increases.
6. The composition of the earth _______________ with _________________ and layers.
7. The crust is the ______________________ of the rigid__________________ and is
of different composition under land as opposed to the ocean floor.
8. The__________ types of crust are the __________________ crust which is more
__________________ and it is made primarily of __________________ . The
__________________ crust is made up mainly of __________________.
9. Why is there different density between the types of crust? The oceanic crust is
______________________________________________________________________
above and the granite is transformed into __________________
10. The_____________________________is the coolest layer of the earth.
11. Below the rigid lithosphere, the mantle consists of ___________________________
consistency, which ___________________________________ or flows.
12. Hot rocks rising and falling in the mantle/asthenosphere is called _______________.
13. The______________________is the smallest layer of the Earth and it comprise __ %
of the Earth’s total mass.
14. The __________________ comprises ______% of the Earth’s total mass.
15. The____________is the hottest layer of the Earth and together they represent ____%
of the Earth’s total mass.
16. The outer core is _________ and the inner core is a __________________________.
17. The mantle is solid but capable of _____________ (like hot asphalt or fudge). Under
special conditions like at __________________ and along
___________________________________ the mantle or crust melt to make
__________________ ,which may then rise to the surface to make a volcanic eruption.
18. Heat from the mantle and core creates __________________________________.
19. Lithospheric plates on the scales of continents and oceans _____________________.
20. The lithosphere is divided into ___________________________________ which
move __________________ in response to the __________________.
21. Plate movement causes major geologic events such as __________________,
__________________, and __________________________________
22. At the edges or ___________________________________ of the plates, the earth's
crust is in __________________.
23. The theory of _________________________________ connects the evidence for the
________________________, __________________, and _______________________
of the plates.
24. Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain
building, result from these __________________________________.
25. Some changes in the earth’s surface are __________________ such as
__________________ and ___________________________________ while other
changes happen very __________________ such as __________________ and
_________________________________ of mountains.
26. At __________________ plate boundaries such as the mid-Atlantic ridge, new
ocean floor is created.
27. At __________________ plate boundaries known as subduction zones, a trench and
deep earthquakes mark the zone where a slab of oceanic lithosphere descends into the
mantle, and volcanoes and mountain ranges form on adjacent land.
28. When continental crust meets continental crust at a convergent boundary, a collision
occurs, resulting in __________________, __________________, and ____________
__________________________________________
29. __________________ boundaries are where plates slide past each other. They
connect other plate boundaries and are characterized by earthquakes.
30. Earthquakes occur in the ___________________________________.
31. Geologists analyze ______________________________ (__________________ ) to
determine the composition of the layers within Earth.
32. A machine that measures earthquakes is called a __________________ and the
picture that this machine draws is called a __________________.
33. The __________________ is the exact location where an earthquake begins while
the __________________ is the spot on the Earth’s surface immediately above where the
earthquake hit.
34. There are ____ main types of earthquake waves: ____ wave, _____ wave, and
__________________ wave
35. The ____ wave is the fastest wave and the__________________ destructive.
36. The __________________ wave is the slowest wave and the__________________
destructive.
37. S waves are blocked by __________________. Since seismographs on the opposite
side of the Earth do not receive any S waves after an earth quake so scientists have
concluded that the Earth has _________________________________.
38. A _________________________________ is formed on the opposite side of the
Earth from where the earthquake occurred because _____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
39. The __________________ scale measures the strength of earthquakes.
40. A 5.0 earthquake is approximately __________________ stronger than a 4.0
earthquake.
41. If you are inside a building, the best thing to do when an earthquake occurs is
___________________________________________________________________.
42. Moving plates cause ________________________________in a world map over
__________________________________ of years.
43. ___________________________was the most recent of a succession of
___________________________________ that have formed and broken up over time.
44. Earthquakes represent ___________________________________ continuously
stressed by plate movement. Gradually over time, the same movements result in
__________________________________________________.
Vocabulary
Plate Tectonics
Magma
Continental Drift
volcanic activities
fossil evidence
convection currents
Subduction
plate boundaries
Rifting
Transform
faults
Map of plate boundaries
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Seismogram
Seismograph
Shadow Zone
Epicenter
Focus