6th
International Science, Social Sciences, Engineering and Energy Conference
17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, Udon Thani, Thailand
I-SEEC 2014
http//iseec2014.udru.ac.th
Sorption of Zn(II) from aqueous solution by Amusium
Pleuronectes Shell
K.Teanchaia, K.Chantarasunthona,b, W.Siriproma,b,c,e1
a
Material Science and Applied Physics Research Unit, Faculty of Science at Si Racha,
Kasetsart University, Si Racha campus, Chonburi, 20230, Thailand
b
Faculty of Science at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, Si Racha campus, Chonburi, 20230,Thailand
c
THEP center, commission on Higher Education,Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
e1
w.siriprom@hotmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this research work is to investigate sorption characteristic of Amusium Pleuronectes shell for removal of
Zn(II) ion from aqueous solutions. The investigations were carried out by batch method beside the effect of initial
concentration of Zn(II) the research concerns the influence of solution pH phase contact time on effectiveness of
sorption. Results revealed that Zn(II) uptake occurring within 15 min of contact time and the equilibrium was reached
in 60 min of contact time. Another that, The experimental investigation showed that the Amusium Pleuronectes shell
has a high level of absorption capacity for zinc ion after absorption the aqueous metal. The result suggests that the
mechanism of biosorption is rather chemisorption than physical adsorption and was further confirmed by the result of
XRD.
Keywords: Amusium Pleuronectes; Energy Dispersive X- Ray Fluorescence; Biosorbent
1. Introduction
Sea shells are found as two common mineral forms of CaCO3, calcite and aragonite. The crystal
structures of calcite and aragonite and their interconversion have been studied [1-2]. Aragonite shells and
aragonite mineral deposits are known to undergo a slow metamorphosis into calcite. Sea shells are
composed of 97-99% CaCO3 (calcite, aragonite, or vaterite) with lesser amounts of MgCO 3, (Al,Fe)2O3,
SiO2, Ca3P2O8, CaSO4, protein, and mucopolysaccharides. In addition to these major and minor
constituents, trace amounts of Sn, Mo, Mn, Cd, Ti, B, Pb, Au, Ag, Ni, Co, Bi, Cu, Sr, Rb, and As have
also been found in varying amount [3]. Recently, several technologies such as chemical precipitation,
oxidation/reduction, ion exchange, electrolysis and membrane filtration have been developed for
contaminated waste water treatment [4]. Conventional method for removing metals from aqueous
solutions include chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation and reduction, ion exchange, filtration,
electrochemical treatment, reverse osmosis, membrane technologies and evaporation recovery.
Especially, the bio sorption represents a biotechnological innovation as well as a cost effective excellent
tool for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solution in water pollution control. The major advantage
of biosorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency, minimization of
chemical or biological sludge, no additional nutrient requirement, possibility of regeneration of
biosorption and metal recovery and less metal stripping.
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This work concentrates on the study of zn ion sorption onto Amusium Pleuronectes shell, and the effect of
important factors, viz., pH, initial concentration and contact time on zn sorption which provided the
influence of biosorbent.
2. Experimental Procedure
The Amusium Pleuronectes shell samples were obtained from the coastal area of Chonburi Province, the
eastern part of Thailand. The soft parts inside the samples were removing after opening the bivalve of the
shells. The bivalve was brushed, scraping and washed with distilled water. Afterward the samples were
cleaned by soaking in dilute HCL solution for about 1 min, followed by washing thoroughly with distilled
water. The cleaned sample was ground into fine powder to desired sizes by sieves and denoted as AP.
For Stock solution of zn containing 1000 mg/L of analytical grade zinc nitrate hexahydrate
(Zn(NO3)26H2O) was prepared using deionized water. Working solutions of desired concentrations were
prepared by dilution of the stock solution. Moreover, batch biosorption equilibrium experiments were
conducted based on studies performed with Amusium Pleuronectes shell. 1 g of Amusium Pleuronectes shell
was contacted with 100 mL Zn solution of desired concentration in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and shaken
at a constant agitation speed of 150 rpm . the experimental conditions adopted in this study were based on
preliminary experiments conducted to elaborate the optimum condition for the biosorption. The effectof
contact time was determined by talking samples for analysis at time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120,
150 and 180 min. The effect of initial concentration of Zn(II) on the biosorption was studied in the Zn(II)
initial concentration range of 100 -500 mg/L. The effect of pH was investigated in the pH range of 3-11.
Adjustment in pH was achieved by drop-wise addition of 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH solutions. Based on
the result. After shaking, the suspensions were filtered and the residual Zn(II) concentration was
determined by absorbance measurement using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Beside that, several
different techniques have been analysis in this work: the mineralogy and crystal structure was
characterized by a powder X-Ray Diffractometer. Powder diffraction data were recorded at room
temperature using a Bruker AXS D8 Advance powder diffractomter [CuKα (Ni filtered) with scintillation
detector; 2θ range, 5-50° step size 0.02°].
3. Results and Discussion
The effect of contact time was studied at 30 C and the initial Zn(II) concentration of solution 100
mg/L, Ph of 5 and dose of 1 g was used for adsorption. Fig 1 shown the result of percent removal as a
function of contact time on sorption of initial Zn(II) concentration. As shown in the Fig 1 the percent
removal increased with contact time and reaches up to 98.38 at 60 min. This result revealed that
adsorption of Zn(II) is fast and the equilibrium was achieved by 15 min of contact time.
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Fig. 1. effect of contact timeon the percent removal
of Zn(II) by Paphia undulate shell samples
Fig. 2. effect of initial concentration of Zn(II)
on the biosorption of Zn(II) onto Paphia
undulate shell samples
The result of the effect of initial Zn(II) concentration are shown in Fig 2. The results revealed
maximum metal removal with lower initial concentrations. The percentage Zn(II) uptake was 98.27 % for
Zn(II) solutions at 50 mg/L Zn(II). However, the percentage removal of Zn(II) decreased with increased
in initial concentration of Zn(II). At very low concentrations of Zn(II) ions, the interact with the binding
site of the biosorbent to the total Zn(II) ions available is high. Thus, when metal ion concentrations are
increased, the binding sites on the biosorbent become more quickly saturated as the amount of biomass
concentration remained constant.
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Fig. 3. effect of pH on biosorption capacity of Cu(II)
to Paphia undulate shell samples
Fig. 4. Powder XRD pattern of Paphia
undulate shell samples (a) before absorption (b)
after absorption
The pH value of the aqueous solution is a most important factors that control the adsoption process.
The effect of pH in the solution on the biosorption capacity of Amusium Pleuronectes shell for Zn(II) ions
was examined at different pH ranging from 3-11 as shown in Fig 3. The results are indicated in Fig 3. It
can be seen from the figure that the biosorption capacity increased with increase in pH until a maximum
value was attained at pH 9
The XRD patterns of the Amusium Pleuronectes shell samples before and after absorption of the Zn(II)
ions are shown in Fig. 4. The crystal structure of the samples after absorption of metals is clearly shown
by Fig. 2 and 4, with the intensity of diffractogram variation and the shift after absorption the metal
solution of Zn ion. No other phases than residual aragonite. As shown in Fig. 4 the XRD patterns of
on Amusium Pleuronectes shell samples after absorption of Zn(II) ions h a v e a aragonite phase which
similar which the crystal structure of Amusium Pleuronectes shell samples before absorption. The JCPDS of
aragonite phase (numbers 00-005-0453) and the JCPDS of zinc metal (numbers 00-004-0831) were
added for the comparison, consequently the XRD patterns correspond well to the aragonite phase.
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4. Conclusions
The Amusium Pleuronectes shell samples, After absorption of aqueous solution of Zn(II) ions, the uptake
of Zn(II) by Amusium Pleuronectes shell samples may proceed through a number of different mechanisms,
including adsorption, coprecipitation and precipitation. Mechanistically, a number of different processes
may be involved in the increase of stability of metal partitioning with time, as the amount of metal cation
or anion absorbed on a surface increases. The study shows that the Amusium Pleuronectes shell samples is a
valuable material for removal of Zinc ions from the aqueous solutions with metals.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Plasma for Surface Sciences Laboratory, Thailand Center of Excellence
in Physics (ThEP), PERDO, CHE and the Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials
Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University to some analytical equipment. This work was
financial support provided from Faculty of Science at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, Si Racha campus,
the authors gratefully acknowledged..
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