1
Approved by
Minister of Agriculture of the
Republic of Kazakhstan
from '' 2015
Number
Terms of grain storage
1. General Provisions
1. This Regulation grain storage (hereinafter - Rules) are developed in
accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 19, 2001 "On
grain" and determine the procedure for the storage of grain in the granaries (elevators,
grain-points), grain-enterprises.
2. Prior to the acceptance of technological lines of grain silos (elevators, grainpoints) should be brought into good condition, cleaned of pests of grain stocks,
including quarantine and prepared to work:
1) production and technological laboratory (hereinafter - PTL) - provide
appropriate instruments, laboratory equipment and support staff for the sampling and
analysis of grain;
2) weighing equipment and weighing instruments - believed (to have a brand or
a document confirming the fact of verification);
3) handling devices, mechanisms, machines and tools - correspond to the type
and size of vehicles delivering grain;
4) receiving hopper - inspected, cleaned, fitted with appropriate covers, grilles,
locks are equipped with the necessary devices and equipment for fast and safe
unloading of grain;
5) the main thoroughfares in the area and the entrances to the receivers,
warehouses, unloading places - paved and equipped with lighting.
3. In the course of movement of vehicles on the territory of the granaries
(elevator, grain-points) must be placed pointers unloading points, driveways and
warehouses. On unloading points in prominent places need to be assigned to them are
given a number or name. In a prominent position at the entrance should be placed
schematic map, traffic to places of unloading.
4. To organize the receipt of grain is made up of placing the grain, taking into
account:
1) the expected arrival of grain in accordance with the contracts concluded for
storage of grain;
2) grain residue of previous years;
3) the expected quality of grain according to the previous years;
4) rational use of equipment, grain storage capacity (elevator, grain-points) and
ensure the formation of parties, depending on the quantity, quality and purpose of
grain;
5) of the post-harvest handling of grain in terms of ensuring the safety of its
quality;
6) the degree of mechanization operations with grain and prevent its irrational
move.
2
2. The procedure for receiving and weighing of grain
5. Specialists PTL made daily checks of correct weights and weighing of grain
through perevesok control with the introduction of the respective marks in the weight
logs.
6. PTL performs work in accordance with the Scheme of control
technochemical given in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
7. Formation of uniform batches of grain and its placement shall be in
accordance with national and (or) interstate standards (hereinafter - the Standards).
8. When forming batches of grain (except rice, rapeseed, sunflower, maize,
millet and soybeans) as moisture and trash before treatment is allowed to upload:
1) Humidity:
dry and medium-dry - along with;
wet;
crude to 22% when using the indicator "calculated nature" - up to 23%;
raw than 22% at an interval of 6% corn grain - 5%;
2) trash:
clean and average purity;
weed to restrictive rules in accordance with the standard;
weed over the restrictive rules of the standard.
Batching rice, rapeseed, sunflower, maize, millet and soybean is carried out in
accordance with Annex 2 to this Regulation.
9. Characteristics of the state of cereals, legumes and oilseeds for moisture,
weed and grain impurities is given in Annex 3 to this Regulation.
10. When sending batches of wet and raw corn on production lines equipped
with recirculating grain dryers, batching is performed without separation of grain
humidity conditions and trash.
11. Grain of quality varieties of oats, millet, buckwheat, rice, peas, lentils,
beans, barley, sunflower located separately.
12. Grain, take special consideration featured - frost, smut, Fusarium, damaged
chinch, infected ticks, with uncharacteristic odor, the presence of sprouted grains
(over 5%), as well as contamination by pests (smut, ergot, bitterling repens , Sophora
lisohvostnaya, coronilla multicolored and others) and trudnootdelimymi impurities
(oat, buckwheat Tatar, fire, pebbles, etc.), containing pesticide residues in excess of
the permissible norms - housed and processed separately.
13. Grain clogging impurities, giving it unusual for the smell (tarragon, garlic,
coriander, sweet clover, headache, etc.), as well as contaminated grain pests,
including quarantine, located and processed separately.
14. The Party of wheat with the number falling below restrictive standards
according to the standard batch of barley, rye, oats and millet with the content of
sprouted grains over the restrictive rules in accordance with wet and damp conditions
are received and processed separately.
Party of grain with the number falling below the restrictive rules in accordance
with, or with the content of sprouted grains over the restrictive rules in accordance
with, the last cleaning and drying, located mainly in warehouses equipped with units
3
of active ventilation, with the height of the mound, established for the grain in the
normal (healthy) state.
15. Not allowed to join party grain harvest this year, grain harvest last year, has
been subjected to fumigation, as well as self-heating - with the grain in the normal
(healthy) state.
16. Freshly harvested, wet and damp before drying grain is placed in storage
areas equipped with active ventilation installations.
Allowed temporary accommodation in the elevator silos equipped with
installations for monitoring temperature, normal (healthy) raw grain to be dried, in
the amount of not more than three-day, wet grain - no more than a five-day
performance dryers associated with elevator (except rice).
In exceptional cases, short-term accommodation of rice moisture content no
higher than 19% in silos equipped with facilities for the active ventilation system and
remote monitoring of temperature, in an amount not exceeding the daily performance
of the dryer.
Do not store wet and wet grain in the silo elevator.
17. millet, buckwheat, maize, rice, sorghum, sunflower and leguminous crops
in order to prevent further injury to its sloughing and placed in storage.
18. The height of the mound to grain dry and medium dry set within the limits
permitted by the technical condition of the warehouse for sorghum - no more than 2
meters, millet and rape - not more than 3 meters.
19. Warehouses for the storage of rape should be carefully sealed, all the holes
in the doorways - sealed, places of contiguity to the floor vent valve - closed with
strips of cloth sieve with holes with a diameter of 0.8-1.0 mm.
20. Party asks housed in warehouses equipped with aeration units. In order to
avoid spillage into the air distribution passageways millet a slit along the entire length
recommended stuffing or scaly perforated sieve with openings of 1.2 mm diameter or
1,2h20 mm.
21. To carry out the work with the grain during storage or shipment should be
provided backup storage capacity equal to 10% of the area and the elevators - at least
one free silage per nadsilosny conveyor.
3. The procedure for the cleaning of grain
22. The grain supplied to the silo (elevator, grain-point) is treated in the graincleaning machines of grain and weed impurities to the requirements defined in the
contract between the grain-grain storage company and owner of the grain on the
template, approved by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October
24, 2001 № 1359 (hereinafter - Contract storage).
23. Technology grain cleaning set taking into account the selection of
appropriate equipment to provide the most efficient cleaning, depending on the
content and nature of the impurities in the grain and technical standards of
performance equipment.
24. Clean the wheat from the weeds and grain impurities is based on the use of
the following differences in the physical properties of the grain and separates
impurities:
4
1) The width and thickness (on sieves with round and oblong - rectangular
holes);
2) the length (in Trier);
3) form (on sieves with openings of triangular shape);
4) the aerodynamic properties (pneumoseparating aeration channels and
systems the grain);
5) density, individual weight, surface conditions (pneumatic sorting tables,
zernositoveechnyh machines, Stone cleaners, etc.);
6) magnetic and optical properties (magnetic devices and sorter).
Main characteristics of grain and impurities are given in Annexes 4 and 5 to
this Regulation.
25. winnowing machines completed with sieves, indented disks with holes
(yacheyami) of various sizes and shapes, depending on the type of culture and
purpose.
26. Priority admission grain, requiring treatment on grain cleaning machines, is
determined depending on its quality and condition, the presence of grain-cleaning
machines and their performance. The primary treatment for acceptance must be
provided for the grain:
1) having a contamination above restrictive standards according to the
standard;
2) was subjected to self-warming;
3) of the infected grain pests, including quarantine;
4) grain clogging impurities, handed him uncharacteristic smell (tarragon,
garlic, sweet clover, coriander and others).
27. The grain before drying in direct-flow and recirculation shaft kilns (without
additional heating devices for grains) is cleared from the rough and light impurities,
before drying in a dryer with heat recirculation chambers grain with a falling bed only from coarse impurities. When using the heating chamber with latticed braking
elements must be cleaned of coarse grains and major impurities.
Pre-cleaning of coarse and light impurities produced at Precleaning separators,
and in their absence - in the separators using sieves, which corresponds to the size of
the holes used to Precleaning separators.
28. The evolution of harmful, especially to take into account quarantine
impurities from the grain is carried out in accordance with Annex 6 to this
Regulation.
Dedicated infected grain wastes are exported outside the territory and
destroyed.
29. To highlight metallomagnetic impurities from refined grains obtained
similar to podsevnyh sieve separator, it is directed to magnetic devices.
The angle of the plane of the magnetic units for grain cleaning from
metallomagnetic impurities should be approximately 35 ° to the horizon. The
thickness of the product layer on the moving magnets should not exceed 10-12 mm,
grain, waste - 5-7 millimeters.
5
By-products and waste grain first and second categories after purification
separators (triremes) of organic and mineral impurities and sent for feeding purposes
should be cleaned on magnetic devices from metallomagnetic impurities.
30. Pass through sieve podsevnyh converging with receiving and sorting
sieves, separators, sedimentary cameras, as well as waste from Trier in the
purification of grain from different cultures are analyzed in PTL to determine their
composition and classification as a by-product or a waste.
31. The Party of grain that meet the conditions of preservation of conditions
and requirements, the relevant purpose, can not be cleaned.
Cleaning grain to the requirements to meet the intended purpose (flour, cereals,
animal feed, food, brewing, oil industry, export and other purposes), as well as the
removal of impurities trudnootdelimyh carried out after drying during storage and
preparation of parties to the shipment.
32. If the air in the clean grain sieve machine was not efficient enough, produce
additional purification Trier (ovsyugo- or cockle) and other grain-cleaning machines
(pneumatic sorting tables and air aspirators) depending on the composition and
quantity of the remaining impurities in the cleaning grain.
To separate impurities from the long grain (e.g., wheat - oat, wild oat, ergot
horns) in its purified ovsyugootbornike.
In the presence of a large grain fractions obtained after the first or second pass
through the separator, small weed seeds above the allowed rate this fraction to be
purified in the cockle to highlight short impurities.
The fine grain fraction after purification on a separator (if necessary) is sent to
cockle to isolate short impurities (weed seeds, broken grains).
33. Byproducts - grain mixture and waste obtained after purification, if they
contain in them over 10% of the grains of wheat or rye, or more than 20% of the
grains of other crops that are attributable to these standards to the main grain crops,
subject to further treatment to extract from them basic grains.
34. Processing of byproducts and waste is generated by air-sieving machine
having two parallel operating podsevnyh sieve, and if necessary - Trier and magnetic
devices. Dimensions of holes sieves are selected according to laboratory
analysis. The speed of air in the air-sieving machines and the position of the trough in
Trier, as well as the performance of the machines, is set according to trial treatment
of certain batches of waste.
Byproducts treated separately from the grain waste. Never mix different
categories of waste.
4. Procedure for grain drying
35. The drying of raw and wet grain in order to ensure its safety is carried out
in once-through mining and recycling of grain dryers in accordance with the
treatment set forth in Annexes 7-9 to this Regulation. Grain dryers are also used for
improvement of grain at higher temperatures or detecting contamination of grain
pests, including quarantine (in case of absence or inability to use other measures to
bring the grain in a persistent state).
Grain, sent to drying, to be weighed.
6
Batching wet and wet grain before drying is carried out in the storage tank,
from which the grain successively sent to the dryer.
36. In the first drying subject:
1) shipment of grain, with the highest humidity, temperature and contamination
placed in the storage areas (warehouses, silos, open areas) are not equipped with
active ventilation installations;
2) grains of wheat strong, solid and valuable varieties and culture, less stable
during storage (rice, sunflower, millet).
37. Formation of the parties in the grain drying silo dryers humidity is
performed:
for cereals and legumes - up to 17%, from 17 to 22% and more than 22% at an
interval of 6%;
Sunflower - up to 9%, more than 9% at intervals of 3-4%;
rice and soybean, regardless of humidity at intervals of 3%.
38. When drying kilns in recycling food and feed grains, especially high
humidity, except for maize and legumes, allowed the formation of parties without
separating the states of moisture and trash.
Not allowed Dryer soy in grain dryers recycle.
39. The grain after drying is cooled to a temperature not higher than the
outdoor temperature by more than 10 ° C. Above this temperature, the grain is further
cooled by the atmospheric vent or artificially cooled air, and in exceptional cases - in
the grain-cleaning machines and conveyors (when you can not use the above methods
and tools).
40. To prevent fire grain in the recirculating dryers are taking measures that
prevent blockage of the heating chamber and the grain teplovlagoobmennika.
41. When drying is not allowed deterioration of baking, food and feed quality
grains.
42. Humidity Limits to which should be dry grain, defined its purpose, in
accordance with Annex 10 to this Regulation.
Grain intended for delivery distillery to produce malt and corn moisture
intended for food concentrates, starch industry and catering should be dried in
compliance with the conditions established for seed grain by appropriate technical
regulation.
43. take into account the work of the dryer by weight of raw grain, entered for
drying. When you double or more passes through the dryer the grain of one party
each pass are accounted for separately.
44. PTL is constant monitoring of temperature conditions and the quality of
grain during drying.At selected through a laboratory every 2 hours sample of grain
before and after drying determine grain temperature, smell, color, humidity, quality
and quantity (index) of gluten (wheat) and infestation. For cereal crops further
collapsed and determine the presence of broken grains of rice - fracture for malting
barley before drying - viability after drying - germination and vigor.
45. When switching to other crops drying dryer stop stripping.
46. The dried grain before storage is passed through an air-permeable screen
machines, regardless of its degree of contamination.
7
47. When drying rape seeds on standard dryers conduct additional sealing of
some of their components. To avoid spillage of seed hopper by gravity and mines
dryer carefully sealed.
5. The procedure for storing grain
48. When laying the grain of different cultures deposited, and after cleaning,
drying and aeration before shipment made his full technical analysis and
phytosanitary control.
When storing a full technical analysis is done once per month at an average
sample taken from a homogeneous lot.
49. Sampling of metal silo is carried out:
1) from the upper layer of the mound (in the presence of manhole hatch and
internal stairs with safety regulations);
2) of the lower hoppers;
3) when moving parts of the grain in the silo free.
50. At the silo (elevator, grain-point) should be "silo board" with the image of
the circuit silos and hoppers tower elevator. Each silo, bunker and an asterisk are
numbered in the prescribed manner, and must have a label silo. The silo labels shall
indicate the name of culture, weight, date of loading, the quality of stored grain Party,
the date and its results.
51. The external elevator silos need to provide accommodation freshly parties
prior to processing, as well as the parties intended for priority shipment. Long-term
storage of processed grain silos is carried out in the interior of the elevator.
52. In order to control the quality and the condition of the grain, where
necessary, the grain is subject to the free movement of silos. Due to the lack of spare
capacity permitted release from the silo is not more than 10% of the grain is moved in
the same silo. During the move, check the temperature, humidity, odor, color and
grain infestation.
It is not allowed movement of warming grain in the same silo.
53. Metal grain silo used to store grain of wheat, barley, maize, rice, dry
cleaned and refrigerated.
54. The moisture of the grain of wheat, barley, maize, rice in the tab for storage
in metal silos should not exceed 14% and the trash - limits set standards for grain
average purity.
55. The maximum length of grain storage in metal granaries are listed in Annex
11 to this Regulation.
56. The metal silo temperature control of wheat, barley and maize in the dry
state at temperatures above +10 ºC held 1 time in 3 days, at a temperature of 10 ° C
and corn + below - 1 time in 7 days. Timing control set depending on the highest
temperature was detected in the individual layers embankment of grain.
57. To monitor the temperature of the grain when it is stored in the warehouses
of its surface is divided into sections measuring approximately 200 square meters
each. Each section is given a number, which is indicated on the walls of the
warehouse large numbers visible at the entrance to the warehouse.
58. The temperature measurement is carried out using grains
elektrotermometricheskih remote monitoring temperature settings. To measure the
8
temperature of the grain in the warehouses used termoshtangi technical
thermometers.
59. In identifying the self-warming in a mound of grain in stock (on an asphalt
site) warming the border area defined using termoshtang. Moving mass warming of
grain produced in such a way that the sound of his party left.
Not allowed spreading nests basking on a healthy grain.
60. When in the stored grain smell of mold (without raising the temperature of
the grain) corn is dried at a temperature of drying agent 100-110ºS.
61. With the onset of autumn cold snap grain translated into winter storage
conditions using all available technical means. Priority cooling grain shipments is set
depending on the state of humidity, temperature and contamination.
Cooling the grain held:
1) stationary or portable units active ventilation;
2) by passing the grain through the Grain-cleaning machines, dryers;
3) by airing rooms.
62. To save the grain of low temperatures on possible long-term upon the
occurrence of spring warming should:
windows and doors of warehouses, podsilosnyh nadsilosnyh floors and
elevators kept closed;
monitoring of stored grain carried out in the morning;
airing silos (elevators, grain-points) done only in dry cool weather when the
outdoor temperature is at least 5 ° C below the air temperature in the vault.
63. When the temperature of stored grain, indicates the possibility of selfwarming, measures are being taken for his immediate cooling or drying using for this
purpose all available techniques for cleaning, drying and aeration, and low night
temperatures of air. Cooling warming grain conducted regardless of weather
conditions until it reaches a temperature close to the temperature of the outside air.
64. When cooling the grain in the aeration units determine the temperature,
humidity and contamination before and after cooling the grain in the pass through the
grain-cleaning machines, dryers - Additional content and nature of impurities. The
results are recorded in the Stacking labels and magazines observations of stored
grain.
65. The aeration is carried out, provided that the actual moisture content of
grain more than its equilibrium moisture content specified in Annex 12 to this
Regulation. If it is impossible to determine the equilibrium moisture content of grain,
ventilation is carried out, provided the outdoor temperature is below the temperature
of the grain at 4-5 ° C or more, and in rainy and foggy weather, the temperature
difference must be at least 8 ° C.
66. corn heating continuously vented at any time, regardless of weather
conditions, as long as it will not be cooled down to the outdoor temperature during
the night.
If the venting warming grain after 6-8 hours, the temperature of the upper
layers of the mound is not reduced, it increases air flow by installing a more powerful
fan or sequential addition of two fans. If this is not possible, reduce the height of the
mound of grain.
9
67. Weed seed before ventilation is pre-cleaned in the grain-cleaning machines.
68. In order to accelerate the start of loading grain aeration begin from the end
wall of the warehouse. Venting begin immediately after filling one section to the
desired height, without waiting for a full load of the warehouse. Before venting the
embankment of grain should be aligned so that its height on all sites was as identical
as possible.
69. Venting grains is carried out simultaneously for at least two adjacent air
distribution channels when the lead-in tubes are arranged on one side of the
warehouse and at least four (two opposed channels on each side), if the lead-in tubes
are arranged on both sides of the warehouse.
70. Doors and windows warehouse venting grain must be opened. Upon
completion of ventilation doors, windows and inlet channels sealed air distribution
tubes.
71. Ventilation dry grain in the warehouses (for cooling, freezing) produce a
fully loaded grain warehouse.
72. Ventilation grain artificially cooled air is used for the temporary
preservation of moist and wet grain before drying and storage of wet grain.
73. With the shortage of power and drying rooms in warehouses rice with a
moisture content of 21% sunflower - 11% castor and - up to 13%, they are cooled to a
temperature not exceeding 5 ° C and stored until drying is not more than 3-5 days.
74. Cooling of grain in order to eliminate the infestation is carried out in silos
and warehouses equipped with aeration units, by passing through the grain-cleaning
machines, cooling or drying chambers dryers while blowing cold air. Upon cooling,
take into account the stability of grain pests of grain stocks to low temperatures in
accordance with Annex 13 to this Regulation.
75. Decontamination of grains in high temperature kilns used only for grain
intended for food, feed or technical purposes. At the same time take into account the
resistance of pests of grain stocks to high temperature in accordance with Annex 13
to this Regulation.
To achieve good results in the decontamination of the grain dryer must be:
1) before drying infested grain clean;
2) drying of grain carried out at temperatures allowed for the heating of the
culture;
3) when the maximum heating temperature of grain cut off the drying agent
(heated grain left in the zone of influence of drying agent at least 25-30 minutes);
4) take samples every hour to check the uniformity of heating and grain
analysis for infection;
5) control the quality of drying in the prescribed manner;
6) disinfected and cleaned grain sent to clean uninfected silos.
76. Active ventilation grain in the silo is allowed to conduct at any relative
humidity of air, with a temperature difference of atmospheric air and grains should be
not less than 10 ° C.
77. The active ventilation of grain in silos equipped with horizontal air
distribution should be carried out only when fully loaded silo.
10
78. The active ventilation of grain for the purpose of cooling should be started
after loading a grain silo height of 1.5-2.0 meters.
After loading the silo to ensure uniform distribution of air venting of the grain
(10-15%) to be moving, "the" two central craters at the same time.
79. The maximum length of storage of grain:
wheat and rye - 4 years;
oats, buckwheat, barley - 3 years;
rice paddy, beans, peas, corn in grain (including shelf life on the cob) - 2 years;
for millet, soybeans and corn on the cob - 1 year.
6. Procedure for the shipment of grain
80. Preparation of batches of grain for shipment in accordance with the
definition of the contract of storage quality parameters to produce feed vehicles.
81. The shipment of grain is carried out taking into account the full use of
available technical tools and their work with maximum efficiency.
82. The loading of grain carried out in special bins or silos tower housing the
elevator. The number and capacity of the holiday bunkers determined based on the
volume and terms of shipment of grain. Loading grain from warehouses carry fixed
or mobile loading mechanisms.
83. Vacation of grain, bagged a standard mass produced without weighing.
84. If the shipment of grain should be taken to exclude the possibility of its
losses during loading and ensure the safety of the quantity and quality of grain in
transit.
7. Arrangements to ensure the safety of grain
85. By-products and waste of all categories shall be kept in separate containers,
isolated from grain storage places.
86. The third category of waste obtained after the cleaning of grain, dirty, dust,
obtained by purification of the granaries (elevator, grain-points) and territories and
work with the grain, shall be removed from the territory of the granaries (elevator,
grain-points), and the subsequent destruction by incineration or burrowing into the
ground.
87. Term stops receiving and shipping grain in preparation for production lines
for reception of grain should not exceed thirty calendar days - during overhaul,
fifteen calendar days - in maintenance, for a period of gassing.
____________________