Name________________________________________ Period_____ Date__________
AP Environmental Science: Ch. 5, 6, 7 Assignment Guide
Biodiversity 1
Read Ch.5, pages 100-124
Answer questions 1-7 on pages 124-125
Define the following:
weather
climate
elevation
latitude
biome
desert
grassland
chaparral
tropical rain forest
temperate deciduous forest
taiga
Read Ch. 6, pages 126-142
Answer questions 1-7 on page 142
Define the following:
coral reefs - formation produced by massive colonies containing billions of tiny coral animals, called polyps,
that secrete a stony substance (calcium carbonate) around themselves for protection.
estuary - partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where its freshwater, carrying fertile silt and
runoff from the land, mixes with salty seawater
plankton – small plant organisms (phytoplankton) and animal organisms (zooplankton) that float in aquatic
ecosystems
lentic
- ecosystem of a lake, pond or swamp
lotic – ecosystem of a river, stream, or spring
euphotic zone- bright layer of the ocean, sunlit zone of the ocean
abyssal zone – bottom of the ocean that is far from shore
bathyal zone - Upper part of the ocean, which lies on the continental shelf at a depth of between 200 m/650 ft
coastal zone. - is the interface between the land and water
benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the
sediment surface
limnetic zone - is the well-lit, open surface waters in a lake, away from the shore
littoral zone. - refers to that part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore
profundal zone - is a deep zone of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake, located below the range of effective light
penetration
eutrophic -
body of water, commonly a lake or pond has high primary
oligotrophic - An ecosystem or environment is said to be oligotrophic if it offers little to sustain life
cultural eutrophication – overnourishment of aquatic ecosystems with plant nutrients because of human
activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and discharges from industrial plants and sewage treatment plants.
Read Ch. 7, pages 143-159
Answer questions 1-6 on page 160
Define the following:
native species
invasive species
keystone species
foundation species
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
ecological succession
primary succession
secondary succession
pioneer species
indicator species
interspecific competition
Answer the following:
1. What factor is fundamentally responsible for seasons on Earth?
2.The two most important factors in climate are _______________________ and
__________________________.
3.What does species richness refer to?
4.What does species evenness refer to?
5.Where is most of the world’s biodiversity?
6. Based on the theory of island biogeography, you would predict that large islands near the mainland would
have relatively
7.The CITES treaty (see page 240)
8.The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (see page 240)
9.Oceans cover about _____% of the earth's surface.
10.The deepest part of the ocean is the ____________ zone.
11.Most photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in the _________________ zone.
12.Hydrothermal vents with chemosynthetic-based communities are characteristic of the
Labeling
____13. On the natural restoration of disturbed land figure, choose the letter that represents the step in which
shrubs grow.
____14. On the natural restoration of disturbed land figure, choose the letter that represents the start of
secondary ecological succession.
____15. On the natural restoration of disturbed land figure, choose the letter that represents a mature forest of
hardwoods.
____16. On the natural restoration of disturbed land figure, choose the letter that represents the step in which
perennial weeds and grasses are plentiful.
____17. On the natural restoration of disturbed land figure, choose the letter that represents the stage in which
the land can support trees, shrubs, weeds, and grasses.
1. The threats to biodiversity are often remembered with the acronym HIPPO. List the
threat that each letter of HIPPO represents.
H
I
P
P
O
2. Outline the probable causes of the extinction of the passenger pigeon? (see page 222)
3. Draw and label a convection cell in the troposphere (see figure 5-5 on p.103)