INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRODUCING ABSTRACT (Times New Roman – 14 pt, capital
& bold)
FIRST AUTHOR1,*, SECOND AUTHOR2 AND THIRD AUTHOR3 (Times New Roman –
12 pt, capital letter) (Note: authors must be write with full name.)
Affiliation of author, Department/University, Country (Times New Roman – 10 pt, italic)
Affiliation of author from other university, Department/University, Country
*E-mail: (e-mail of presenter, Times New Roman – 10 pt, italic)
1,2
3
Abstract
This is where the abstract should be placed. It should consist of one paragraph giving a concise
summary of the study. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the
abstract. Abstract is in Times New Roman 12 pt. Maximum 150 words.
Keywords: Maximum five keywords, separated by commas, Times New Roman 12 pt.
Example of Abstract
DISTRIBUTION OF SI COMPOUNDS IN SURFACE WATER OF
BRUNEI BAY, BORNEO ISLAND
SUHAIMI SURATMAN1,*, YET YIN HEE2 AND NORHAYATI MOHD TAHIR1,3
1
Institute of Oceanography and Environment, 3School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
2
School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*E-mail: miman@umt.edu.my
Abstract
A study has been carried out to investigate the spatial and seasonal changes of Si compounds
in Brunei Bay during dry (SW monsoon) and wet (NE monsoon) seasons. Water samples were
collected for the measurement of dissolved and particulate (both organic and inorganic) Si and
chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations. The concentrations of Si compounds in Brunei Bay
primarily resulted from riverine inputs due to forest clearing activity which released soils
consisting predominantly of siliceous minerals into local rivers. Comparison with other study
areas revealed that in general, slightly higher concentration of dissolved inorganic Si was
recorded in Brunei Bay. The distribution of Si compounds showed clear seasonal changes with
higher concentrations recorded during wet season due to high runoff from the terrestrial area
to the marine system. Phytoplankton may have played a role in high salinity areas but the
changes in dissolved inorganic Si were dominated by dilution processes during transport along
salinity gradient from coastal to offshore regions.
Keywords: Chlorophyll-a, surface water, Si compounds, monsoon, Brunei Bay.