比较视野下的中国社会分层研究
Chinese Social Stratification in Comparative Perspective
吴晓刚
2015 年春季
集中授课三次时间安排: 3 月 18 日-20 日, 4 月 1 日-3 日/, 5 月 6 日-8 日 (最后一次待确定)
课程介绍 :
Sociology is the study of social structure. All human societies classify their members into
categories that carry significant social meaning. These categories may be relatively simple, such
as age and sex, or they may be complex, such as occupation, kinship, class. The social structure
of a society is the aggregate of all meaningful social categories. A primary interest of most
sociologists is stratification, which considers hierarchical social structures that rank people with
respect to access to some resource, and how such structure/pattern varies with space and time.
One of the important issues that concern scholars who study Chinese society is the changing
patterns of social stratification and mobility over the past three decades. Indeed, topics on
inequality, stratification and mobility have accounted for a large portion of English literature in
sociological studies of China, mostly in connection to “the market transition debate.”
This is a graduate seminar combines a brief introduction to the modern research literature on
social stratification and social mobility and discussion of scholarly works on inequality and
stratification in China. Students will be led to read a set of the journal articles in both Chinese
and English and. These publications are by and large based on statistical analyses of survey and
non-survey data in addressing questions of theoretical significance to the analysis of class, socioeconomic inequalities, education, mobility patterns, and among others, in China during the
reform era. After the course you will be well-versed both in the longer term trajectory of research
in this area and in the most recent themes and findings. The discussion of the general materials is
expected to stimulate ideas and finally lead to empirical research papers on China.
阅读材料:
The softcopy of reading materials from various electronic sources will be available via TA.
The class will be divided into three sessions. Each session is consisted of 3-4 intensive classes.
Each session included several leading articles or chapters dealing with a particular topic are read
and discussed in class.
授课形式与要求:
The instructor will give a brief introduction on the context and background information, followed
by the discussion of relevant reading materials. As a part of class preparation, a group of students
will alternate to read assigned readings and present them in class and lead the discussions.
A term paper is required of those taking the class for credits. Topics are open as long as they are
relevant to the content of the course. Coverage of new reading materials, critical comments,
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theoretical/substantive insights, and writing effectiveness are the four criteria for receiving a high
grade. When writing this paper, each student must keep in mind the scenario that he/she has a
plan to conduct an empirical study about that topic. Of course, students are welcome to move
beyond to write an empirical paper if you are equipped with skills in quantitative data analysis.
Procedure: (1) Begin thinking of what topic to write on for this term paper in the first week of
the class; (2) Meet with the instructor to discuss a chosen topic (time to be scheduled); (3) Turn
in a detailed outline of the term paper for feedbacks from the instructor; (4) Turn in a final
version at the end of the class.
课程评分
 Attendance and participation: 10%
 Presentation: 20%
 Translation/Critiques 20%
 Term paper: 50%.
教材与阅读材料
No textbook will be used. Reading materials are to be distributed in class or on internet.
中文参考书
边燕杰主编 2002《市场转型与社会分层:美国社会学者分析中国》三联书店
边燕杰 吴晓刚 李路路主编 2008《社会分层与社会流动: 国外学者对中国研究的新进展》
中国人民大学出版社
英文杂志名缩写
AJS American Journal of Sociology
ARS Annual Review of Sociology
ASR American Sociological Review
SF Social Forces
RSSM Research in Social Stratification and Mobility
SE Sociology of Education
SSR Social Science Research
DM Demography
CQ China Quarterly
CSR Chinese Sociological Review
中文文章期刊杂志来源:
《中国社会科学》《社会学研究》《社会》
办公室接待时间: 授课段的每星期四上午 10:00-12:00 (请事先 email 联系).
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课程内容大纲 (阅读内容是课程进度和学生的程度不时做调整):
第一单元
Class 1 (3/18): 课程介绍
Ganzeboom, Harry B. G., Donald J. Treiman, and Wout C. Ultee. 1991. “Comparative
Intergenerational Stratification Research: Three Generations and Beyond.” ARS 17:277302. [中文版?]
Hout, Michael, and Thomas A. DiPrete. 2006 “What We Have Learned: RC28’s
Contributions to Knowledge about Social Stratification.” RSSM 24: 1-20.
Hout, Michael . 2015. “A Summary of What We Know about Social Mobility.” The Annals of
American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 27-36
边燕杰、吴晓刚、李路路（主编）2008 “导言：述评与展望”《社会分层与流动：海外中国研究
的新进展》中国人民大学出版社
Wu, Xiaogang. 2011. “Three Decades of Social Changes in China, 1978-2008,” Pp 51-89 in
Handbook of Contemporary China. Edited by Alvin So and William Tay, World Scientific.
Wu, Xiaogang 2015. “Towards a Professional Sociology on China.” Chinese Journal of
Sociology 1(1):6-14.
Class 2-3 (3/19-20): Occupations, Classes, Prestige, and Socioeconomic Status
Hout, Michael 2007. “Otis Dudley Duncan's Major Contributions to the Study of Social
Stratification.” RSSM 25:109-118
Aage B. Sørensen. 2000. “Toward a Sounder Basis for Class Analysis.” AJS Vol. 105, No. 6
(May 2000) (pp. 1523-1558)
Weeden, Kim A., and David B. Grusky. 2005. “The Case for a New Class Map.” AJS
111:141-212.
Weeden, Kim A. 2002. “Why Do Some Occupations Pay More than Others? Social Closure
and Earnings Inequality in the United States.” AJS 108:55-101.
Chan. Tak Wing and John H Goldthorpe. 2007. “Class and Status: The Conceptual
Distinction and its Empirical Relevance” ASR 72:512—532
Bian, Yanjie. 2002. “Chinese Social Stratification and Social Mobility” ARS 28:91-116.
陆学艺主编 2004 《当代中国社会流动》社会科学文献出版社 [ 第一章]
刘欣 2005“当前中国社会阶层分化的制度基础”《社会学研究》2005 年第 5 期
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林宗弘 吴晓刚 2010.“中国的制度变迁、阶级结构转型和收入不平等, 1978-2005”《社会》.
(Also see, Lin, Thung-Hong and Xiaogang Wu 2009. “The Transformation of the Chinese
Class Structure, 1978-2005.” Social Transformations in Chinese Societies 5: 81-116)
Class 4 (3/20): Status Attainment and Social Mobility
Hout, Michael, and Thomas A. DiPrete. 2006 “What We Have Learned: RC28’s
Contributions to Knowledge about Social Stratification.” RSSM 24: 1-20. [Again]
Hout, Michael . 2015. “A Summary of What We Know about Social Mobility.” The Annals of
American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 27-36 [Again]
Blau, Peter M., and Danqing Ruan. 1990. “Inequality of Opportunity in Urban China and
America.” RSSM 9: 3-32.
Lin, Nan, Bian Yanjie. 1991. “Getting Ahead in Urban China.” AJS 97:657-88.
Cheng, Yuan, and Jianzhong Dai. 1995. “Inter-Generational Mobility in Modern China.” ESR
11:17-36.
Cheng, Meng, 2013. “Intergenerational Mobility in Contemporary China.” CSR 45(4):29-53.
吴晓刚 2007. “中国的户口制度与代际社会流动”《社会学研究》. (第 6 期)
Walder, Andrew and Songhua Hu. 2009. “Revolution, Reform, and Status Inheritance:
Urban China, 1949-1996.” AJS 114: 1395-1427
吴愈晓，2010，“家庭传统、体制转型与中国农村精英的代际传承，1978-1996”，《社会学研
究》2010 年第 2 期。
陆学艺主编 2004 《当代中国社会流动》社会科学文献出版社 [ 第二章]
第二单元
Class 5 (4/1) Educational Stratification I
Mare, Robert D. 1980. “Social Background and School Continuation Decisions.” Journal of
the American Statistical Association 75: 295-305
Breen, Richard, and Jan O. Jonsson. 2000. “Analyzing Educational Careers: A Multinomial
Transition Model.” ASR 65:754-772.
Raftery, A. E. and Michael Hout. 1993. “Maximally Maintained Inequality: Expansion,
Reform, and Opportunity in Irish Education: 1921-1975.” SE 66:41-62.
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Deng, Zhong and Donald Treiman 1997 “The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Trends
in Educational Attainment in the People’s Republic of China.” AJS 103:391-428.
Zhou, X., Phyllis Moen, and Nancy Brandon Tuma. 1998. “Educational Stratification in
Urban China: 1949-1994.” SE 71:199-222.
李煜 “制度变迁与教育不平等的产生机制——中国城市子女的教育获得(1966—2003)” 《中国社
会科学》
吴晓刚 2009. “1990-2000 年中国的经济转型、学校扩招和教育不平等.” 《社会》（第 5 期）
吴愈晓 2013，“中国城乡居民的教育机会不平等及其演变 1978—2008”《中国社会科学》第 3
期。
Wu, Xiaogang 2011. “The Household Registration System and Rural-Urban Educational
Inequality in China.” CSR 44(2):31-51
Class 6 (4/2) Educational Stratification II
Turner, Ralph. 1960. “Sponsored and Contest Mobility and the School System.” ASR
25:855-67.
Gamoran, Adam and Robert D. Mare. 1989. “Secondary School Tracking and Educational
Inequality: Compensation, Reinforcement, or Neutrality?” AJS 94:1146-1183.
Lucas, Samuel R. 2001. “Effectively Maintained Inequality: Education Transitions, Track
Mobility, and Social Background Effects.” AJS 106:1642-1690.
Coleman, James A. 1988. “Social Capital and the Creation of Human Capital.” AJS 94: S95S120.
吴愈晓 2013“教育分流体制与中国的教育分层（1978-2008）”《社会学研究》第 4 期
Ye, Hua. 2014. “Key-Point Schools and Entry into Tertiary Education in China.” CSR 47(2)
Wu, Yuxiao. “Cultural Capital, the State, and Educational Inequality in China, 1949-1996.”
Sociological Perspectives 51: 201-227.
Class 7 (4/3): Job Shifts and Career Mobility
Zhou, Xueguang and Nancy B. Tuma and Phyllis Moen 1997. “Institutional Change and
Job-shift Patterns in Urban China: 1949 to 1994.”ASR 62: 339-65.
Walder, Andrew G., Bobai Li, and Donald J. Treiman. 2000. “Politics and Life Chances in a
State Socialist Regime: Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite, 1949-1996.” ASR
65:191-209.
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Li, Bobai, and Andrew G. Walder. 2001. “Career Advancement as Party Patronage:
Sponsored Mobility into the Chinese Administrative Elite, 1949-1996.” AJS 106:1371-1408
吴晓刚 2006. “下海：中国劳动力市场的转型与社会分层：1978-1996.” 《社会学研究》. (第 6
期) 《新华文摘》摘要转载 2007.
吴晓刚 2008.“中国城市的自愿与非自愿就业流动与收入不平等, 1993-2000 年.”《社会学研究》
(第 6 期) 138:33-67
Li, Jun 2013. “Job Mobility in Post-reform Urban China.” CSR 45(4):81-109
Class 8 (4/3). The Market Transition Debate and Beyond
Nee, Victor. 1989. “A Theory of Market Transition: From Redistribution to Markets in State
Socialism.” ASR 54: 663-81 [中文版]
Bian, Yanjie, and John Logan. 1996. “Market Transition and Persistence of Power: The
Changing Stratification System in Urban China.” ASR 61:739-58 [中文版]
Xie, Yu and Emily Hannum 1996. “Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reformera China.” AJS 950-92. [中文版]
Szelenyi, Ivan, and Eric Kostello. 1996. “The Market Transition Debate: Toward a
Synthesis?” AJS 101 (4): 1082-1096 [中文版]
Zhou, Xueguang. 2000. “Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China.”
AJS 105:1135-74, and “Reply” on the same issue. [中文版]
Walder, Andrew 2002. “Markets and Income Inequality in Rural China: Political Advantage
in an Expanding Economy” ASR 67: 231-53. [中文版]
Wu, Xiaogang and Xie Yu 2003. “Does the Market Pay Off? Earnings Returns to Education
in Urban China.” ASR 68:425-442. [中文版]
Hauser, Seth and Yu Xie 2005. “Temporal and Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality:
Urban China in Transition between 1988 and 1995.” SSR 34:44-79.
Jansen, Wim and Xiaoggang Wu 2012. “Decomposing Income Inequality in Urban China,
1978-2006.”CSR (Fall issue)
第三单元
Class 9 (5/6): Structure of Inequality: Danwei, Hukou and Social Inequality
Walder, Andrew G. 1992. “Property Rights and Stratification in Socialist Redistributive
Economies.” ASR 57: 524-39.
Wu, Xiaogang. 2002. “Work Units and Income Inequality: The Effect of Market Transition
in Urban China.” SF 80(3): 1069 –99.
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Xie, Yu and Xiaogang Wu 2008. “Danwei Profitability and Earnings Inequality in Urban
China.” CQ. 195: 558-81.
Wu, Xiaogang 2013. “Redrawing the Boundaries: Work Units and Social Stratification in
Urban China” CSR 45(4): 6 - 28
Wu, Xiaogang and Donald Treiman. 2004. “The Household Registration System and Social
Stratification in China,1955-1996.” DM 41(2):363-84.
Wu, Xiaogang and Donald J. Treiman. 2007. “Inequality and Equality under Chinese
Socialism: The Hukou System and Intergenerational Occupational Mobility.” AJS
113(2):415-45.
郑冰岛 吴晓刚 2013 “户口,‘农转非’与中国城市居民的收入不平等”《社会学研究》(第 1 期)
吴晓刚 张卓妮 2014 “户口、职业隔离与中国城镇的收入不平等”《中国社会科学》（第 5 期）
Class 10 -11(5/7-5/8): Gender and Ethnic Inequality
Buchmann, Claudia, Thomas A. DiPrete, and Anne McDaniel. 2008. “Gender Inequalities
in Education.” ARS 34:319-337
Mathews, Rebecca and Victor Nee 2002. “Gender Inequality and Economic Growth in Rural
China” SSR 29: 606-632
Shu, Xiaoling and Yanjie Bian 2003, “Market Transition and Gender Gap in Earnings in
Urban China.” SF 81(4).
Hannum, Emily and Yu Xie. 1994. “Trends in Educational Gender Inequality in China:
1949-1985.” RSSM 13:73-98.
Hannum, Emily. 2002 “Educational Stratification by Ethnicity in China: Enrollment and
Attainment in the Early Reform Years.” DM 39:95-117.
吴愈晓 吴晓刚. 2008 “我国非农职业的性别隔离研究, 1982-2000” 《社会》(第 6 期)
吴愈晓 吴晓刚 2009. “职业的性别隔离与收入分层机制”《社会学研究》(第 4 期)
贺光烨 吴晓刚. 2015. “市场化、经济发展与中国城市中的性别收入不平等.” 《社会学研究》(第
1 期)
吴晓刚 宋曦. 2014. “中国劳动力市场中的民族分层：对新疆维吾尔自治区的实证研究” 《开放时
代》第 4 期
Wu, Xiaogang, and Gloria He. 2014. “Changing Ethnic Stratification in Contemporary
China.” PSC Research Report No. 14-819.
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Class 12 (5/8). Family Structure and Social Stratification, Class Wrap-up
Steelman, Lala Carr, Brian Powell, Regina Werum, and Scott Carter. 2002. “Reconsidering the
Effects of Sibling Configuration: Recent Advances and Challenges." ARS 28:243-269.
Guo, Guang and Leah K. VanWey. 1999. “Sibship Size and Intellectual Development: Is the
Relationship Causal?”ASR. 64: 169-87
Chu, C. Y. Cyrus, Yu Xie, and Ruoh-rong Yu. 2007. “Effects of Sibship Structure Revisited:
Evidence from Intra-Family Resource Transfer in Taiwan.” SE 80:91-113.
Lu, Yao, and Donald J. Treiman. 2008. “The Effect of Sibship Size on Educational Attainment in
China: Cohort Variations.”ASR.73:813-834.
叶华 吴晓刚. 2011“生育率下降和中国男女间教育的不平等”《社会学研究》(第 3 期).
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