Crop area data along the lower Murray from
the Wakool River to the Barrages for
revising salinity cost functions
FINAL REPORT
3 MAY 2013
Prepared Author Reviewed
Original Author: SunRISE Mapping and Research
Published by the Murray-Darling Basin Authority
Postal Address: GPO Box 1801, Canberra ACT 2601
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Title: Crop area data along the lower Murray from the Wakool River to the Barrages for
revising salinity cost functions
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 2 of 68
Contents
List of maps
4
List of tables
5
Introduction
6
Geographic extent
8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Data sources and method
10
1.1
1.2
1.3
10
14
17
Crop data sources
Water use data sources
Method
River Reaches 9 to 22 totals
21
2.1
2.2
21
22
River Reaches 9 to 22 total crop areas
River Reaches 9 to 22 total irrigation methods
River Reach 9: Wakool to Wentworth
23
3.1
3.2
River Reach 9 crop areas
River Reach 9 irrigation methods
24
25
River Reach 10: Red Cliffs, Mildura & Merbein
26
4.1
4.2
27
28
River Reach 10 crop areas
River Reach 10 irrigation methods
River Reach 11: Wentworth to Rufus River
29
5.1
5.2
River Reach 11 crop areas
River Reach 11 irrigation methods
30
31
River Reach 12: Coomealla and Curlwaa
32
6.1
6.2
33
34
River Reach 12 crop areas and water use
River Reach 12 irrigation methods
River Reach 13: Menindee to Wentworth
35
7.1
7.2
36
37
River Reach 13 crop areas
River Reach 13 irrigation methods
River Reach 14: Darling Anabranch
38
8.1
8.2
39
40
River Reach 14 crop areas
River Reach 14 irrigation methods
River Reach 15: Rufus River to Lock 5
41
9.1
9.2
42
43
River Reach 15 crop areas
River Reach 15 irrigation methods
River Reach 16: Lock 5 to Lock 4
44
10.1
10.2
45
46
River Reach 16 crop areas
River Reach 16 irrigation methods
River Reach 17: Lock 4 to Lock 3
47
11.1
11.2
48
49
River Reach 17 crop areas
River Reach 17 irrigation methods
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
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12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
River Reach 18: Lock 3 to Lock 2
50
12.1
12.2
51
52
River Reach 18 crop areas
River Reach 18 irrigation methods
River Reach 19: Lock 2 to Lock 1
53
13.1
13.2
River Reach 19 crop areas
River Reach 19 irrigation methods
54
55
River Reach 20: Lock 1 to Murray Bridge
56
14.1
14.2
57
58
River Reach 20 crop areas
River Reach 20 irrigation methods
River Reach 21: Murray Bridge to Wellington
59
15.1
15.2
60
61
River Reach 21 crop areas
River Reach 21 irrigation methods
River Reach 22: Wellington to the Barrages
62
16.1
16.2
63
64
River Reach 22 crop areas
River Reach 22 irrigation methods
Attachment A: Crop metadata
65
List of maps
Map 1: Murray-Darling River Reaches 9 to 22
Map 2: River Reach 9 – Wakool to Wentworth
Map 3: River Reach 10 – Red Cliffs, Mildura and Merbein
Map 4: River Reach 11 – Wentworth to Rufus River
Map 5: River Reach 12 – Coomealla and Curlwaa
Map 6: River Reach 13 – Menindee to Wentworth
Map 7: River Reach 14 – Darling Anabranch
Map 8: River Reach 15 – Rufus River to Lock 5
Map 9: River Reach 16 – Lock 5 to Lock 4
Map 10: River Reach 17 – Lock 4 to Lock 3
Map 11: River Reach 18 – Lock 3 to Lock 2
Map 12: River Reach 19 – Lock 2 to Lock 1
Map 13: River Reach 20 – Lock 1 to Murray Bridge
Map 14: River Reach 21 – Murray Bridge to Wellington
Map 15: River Reach 22 – Wellington to the Barrages
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
9
23
26
29
32
35
38
41
44
47
50
53
56
59
62
Page 4 of 68
List of tables
Table 1: Cost by River Reach in the current model
Table 2: Water use data source per river reach
Table 3: Victorian Water Register water use data
Table 4: Lower Murray Water ‘total delivered’ volumes sourced from annual reports
Table 5: Western Murray Irrigation ‘water delivered’ volumes sourced from annual reports
Table 6: Water allocation used - Central Irrigation Trust districts
Table 7: Angas Bremer River Murray recorded water use
Table 8: Description of irrigation methods
Table 9: Description of irrigated crop types and categories
Table 10: Rootstocks assigned ‘tolerant’ and ‘non-tolerant’ of saline conditions
Table 11: River Reaches 9 to 22 total crop areas
Table 12: River Reaches 9 to 22 total irrigation methods
Table 13: River Reach 9 crop areas
Table 14: River Reach 9 irrigation methods
Table 15: River Reach 10 crop areas
Table 16: River Reach 10 irrigation methods
Table 17: River Reach 11 crop areas
Table 18: River Reach 11 irrigation methods
Table 19: River Reach 12 crop areas
Table 20: River Reach 12 irrigation methods
Table 21: River Reach 13 crop areas
Table 22: River Reach 13 irrigation methods
Table 23: River Reach 14 crop areas
Table 24: River Reach 14 irrigation methods
Table 25: River Reach 15 crop areas
Table 26: River Reach 15 irrigation methods
Table 27: River Reach 16 crop areas
Table 28: River Reach 16 irrigation methods
Table 29: River Reach 17 crop areas
Table 30: River Reach 17 irrigation methods
Table 31: River Reach 18 crop areas
Table 32: River Reach 18 irrigation methods
Table 33: River Reach 19 crop areas
Table 34: River Reach 19 irrigation methods
Table 35: River Reach 20 crop areas
Table 36: River Reach 20 irrigation methods
Table 37: River Reach 21 crop areas
Table 38: River Reach 21 irrigation methods
Table 39: River Reach 22 crop areas
Table 40: River Reach 22 irrigation methods
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
8
14
15
15
15
16
16
17
18
19
21
22
24
25
27
28
30
31
33
34
36
37
39
40
42
43
45
46
48
49
51
52
54
55
57
58
60
61
63
64
Page 5 of 68
Introduction
This project was commissioned by the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) to acquire crop areas
along the lower Murray for revision of salinity cost functions.
Apart from providing input into the salinity cost functions, crop areas will improve integrated
modelling of surface water and groundwater systems and the corresponding assessment of salinity
impacts in the Murray Darling Basin.
Information in the report is produced from analysis of spatial crop mapping sourced from SunRISE
Mapping and the South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board (via
Mapping Services Australia), and water use data from a range of authorities.
The crop mapping provides accurate areas as it is based on a time series of high resolution orthophoto
imagery (scale accurate, digital, aerial photography). Crop details, such as crop type, area and
irrigation method, are derived from visual interpretation of the imagery, field surveys or input from
irrigators.
Information presented in this report is for the years 2003, 2009 and 2012; representing the 2002-03,
2008-09 and 2011-12 irrigation seasons.
Acknowledgements
The following are acknowledged for their contribution to the collation of crop areas and water use
data:

The South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board and
Mapping Services Australia for access to crop mapping in South Australia

The Victorian Water Register and Lower Murray Water for access to water use data

Western Murray Irrigation, NSW, for water use data made publicly accessible in Annual
Reports

Central Irrigation Trust, SA, for water use data

Angas Bremer Water Management Committee for access to crop and water use
information

Thousands of irrigators who provide input and integrity to crop details in the mapping
databases
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 6 of 68
Project background
Under the Basin Salinity Management Strategy (BSMS) and schedule B to the Murray-Darling
agreement, jurisdictions are accountable for irrigation actions that have a significant effect on salinity
of the shared water resources of the basin. The BSMS under the Water Amendment Act 2008
requires that salinity impacts of land and water use actions be assessed and entered into salinity
registers at 5-year intervals. In the Mallee region of the lower Murray-Darling Basin (including NSW,
Victoria and SA), irrigation is one of the most important factors driving salt mobilisation into the river.
Apart from providing input into the salinity cost functions, crop areas will improve integrated
modelling of surface water and groundwater systems and the corresponding assessment of salinity
impacts in the Murray Darling Basin.
The collation of crop area data in the lower Murray is of significant value to the BSMS and
recommendations have been made to review them:
1) The BSMS Mid-Term Review identified the need to update the BSMS cost functions upon which
the Salinity Registers are based.
2) The independent audit group (IAG) for salinity recommended (recommendation 19 in their
2010/11 audit) that “the registers be interpreted annually for policy makers providing a current
and forward economic valuation based on the values in the registers but which are in current
dollars and the level of credits needed into the future taking into account any increase in credits
to meet the target at Morgan”
The cost functions are the basis for “the salinity cost effect” (credit or debit) in the Murray River as
defined in Schedule B (Clause 2). The cost functions are the means by which the economic salinity
impact of a change in river salinity is calculated by the Authority. The economic salinity impact of a
change in river salinity is used in two ways:
1) The economic salinity impact is the basic unit of accountability used in the BSMS registers.
2) The economic salinity impact is also used to provide input into economic analysis of the
benefits/costs arising from investment in the joint works and measures program.
The economic impact of changes in river salinity on Agricultural, Industrial and Urban water use is
assessed using cost functions. Assessment of the economic impacts on Agricultural water use requires
information on irrigated crop areas within different reaches along the River Murray System. The
reaches used in the analysis are shown in Table 1.
Key attributes required for each reach of the river includes:
1) crop types and areas
2) irrigation technologies
3) water use/diverted
Project goal and objectives
The goal of this project is to establish a framework within which a secure, reliable and ongoing access
to reach by reach crop area and related data can be obtained. Specifically, the project seeks to:
1) Provide crop area data for the lower Murray from reach 9 to reach 22 and link the crop areas to
the river reach where the water is diverted and used for irrigation.
2) Provide spatial GIS dataset with metadata that describes irrigation footprint change in the lower
Murray-Darling from Swan Hill to the Barrages for the last 10 years.
3) Assist the MDBA to identify data gaps and future data investment projects.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 7 of 68
Geographic extent
The current model calculates salinity cost for each of the 22 river reaches in Table 1. With respect to
agricultural costs in the current model, only reaches 9 to 22 are significant.
This report covers irrigated horticulture in river reaches 9 to 22; comprising crops along the Murray
River (from the Wakool junction to the Barrages at the Murray mouth in South Australia), and along
the Darling River and Darling Anabranch (from Menindee to Wentworth). There are fourteen river
reaches in the study area (Map 1).
River Reaches
Table 1: Cost by River Reach in the current model
Reach
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
River Reach
Albury – Yarrawonga
Yarrawonga – Torrumbarry
Yarrawonga Main Channel
Edwards – Wakool System (excluding Wakool
Channel)
Mulwala Canal
Wakool Canal
Torrumbarry – Wakool
National Channel
Wakool to Wentworth (excluding Merbein,
Red Cliffs, FMID, Coomealla and Curlwaa)
FMID, Merbein and Red Cliffs
Wentworth – Rufus River
Coomealla and Curlwaa
Menindee – Wentworth
Darling Anabranch
Rufus – Lock 5
Lock 5 – Lock 4
Lock 4 – Lock 3
Lock 3 – Lock 2
Lock 2 – Lock 1
Lock 1 – Murray Bridge
Murray Bridge – Wellington
Wellington – Barrages
Total for all reaches
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Mean Agricultural Cost
in current Model $M/y
0
0
0
Mean Domestic and
Industrial Cost $M/y
0.349
0.168
0.034
0
0
0
0
0
0.067
0
0.001
0.205
0.039
0.028
0.014
0.008
0.011
0.637
0.68
2.018
4.068
2.058
4.416
0.838
1.761
0.302
2.02
18.856
0.917
0.154
0
0
0
0
0.544
1.04
0.38
0.152
3.08
63.519
0.299
0.388
71.336
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 8 of 68
Map 1: Murray-Darling River Reaches 9 to 22
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 9 of 68
1.
Data sources and method
1.1
Crop data sources
Crop data for areas in Victoria and New South Wales was sourced from SunRISE Mapping databases.
Crop data for areas in South Australia was sourced from the South Australian Murray- Darling Basin
Natural Resources Management Board via Mapping Services Australia. Metadata for the combined
crop mapping output is provided in Attachment A.
Angas Bremer Irrigation Management Zone
Crop data for the Angas Bremer Irrigation Management Zone was sourced from Angas Bremer
Annual Reports. No GIS crop mapping with irrigation methods was available, however crop areas
from Annual Reports have been included in River Reach 22 reporting (Table 39) and crop area totals in
Table 11.
The crop areas (hectares) are those provided by irrigators and are not map based. Note also, that
crops in the Angas Bremer Irrigation Management Zone may be irrigated with water extracted from
groundwater and/or the Murray, Angas or Bremer Rivers. Most irrigators are licensed to extract
water from more than one source; hence it is not feasible with the current data structure to ascertain
which crops are irrigated from a particular water source. The River Murray is the dominant water
source.
SunRISE Mapping crop data acquisition and accuracy
SunRISE crop mapping is based on high resolution orthophoto imagery (i.e. scale accurate digital
imagery processed from aerial photography) which has been updated every three years since 1997.
The scale accurate imagery provides accurate areas. Crop database details such as ownership, crop
type, variety, rootstock, irrigation method and year planted are acquired by a combination of:

Interpretation of orthophoto imagery
All visible irrigated crops are mapped from imagery relevant to the season being represented e.g.
2009 crop mapping represents the 2008-09 season and is mapped from February 2009
orthophoto imagery. In most instances dominant crop types such as citrus, grapevines and nut
trees can be visually interpreted from the imagery. Irrigation methods, trellis types and other
crop types and details can also be interpreted by an experienced operator.

Grower input
80% of 2,600 irrigators have had input to the databases. Citrus growers are surveyed annually by
the Murray Valley Citrus Board. Other growers generally only have input on an as needs basis, i.e.
when they require maps and plans of their properties. Grower input is preferable for acquiring
accurate details on rootstocks, crop varieties, row and plant spacing etc.

Field surveys
Field surveys are undertaken in the absence of grower surveys and where the imagery is difficult
to interpret. Clearly, only basic details such as crop type and irrigation method are captured from
field surveys.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
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Positional and area accuracies
The orthophoto imagery is generally processed to sub-metre positional accuracy. The crop mapping is
captured from the imagery at a scale of 1:2,000 or better.
Orthophoto imagery
Information presented in this report is for the years 2003, 2009 and 2012. The orthophoto imagery
used as a map base for each of these years was captured at the start of the year. Hence the
information represents the 2002-03, 2008-09 and 2011-12 irrigation seasons respectively. The
imagery is high resolution 35cm or 30cm pixels.
The three yearly acquisition of orthophoto imagery is fundamental to maintaining the SunRISE
Mapping crop databases. Every crop patch is checked against the imagery time series to ensure
changes are correctly recorded.
The imagery from 1997 to 2009 is the property of SunRISE Mapping, while the 2012 imagery was
sourced from the Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 11 of 68
South Australian Murray- Darling Basin Natural Resources
Management Board crop data acquisition and accuracy
Project History
In 2002-03, the South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board entered
an agreement with the former Department of Water, Land Biodiversity and Conservation (DWLBC)
and Riverine Local Action Planning (LAP) Associations to undertake the survey of irrigated crops
extracting water from the River Murray Prescribed Watercourse.
The data captured in this process is entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS) using custom
software - the Irrigation Inventory Tool. Data is stored in District Irrigation Databases at the Land and
Water Management Plan (LWMP) and LAP scale.
Since 2002-03, the South Australian Murray- Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board
(SAMDBNRMB) and LAPs have continued to update the District Irrigation Databases annually through
the irrigation baseline information (crop survey) process.
In consultation with irrigators, baseline information is collected on:

The location, area and year that each crop was planted.

Irrigation systems used to water these crops.

The type of crops planted and their respective rootstock.

Devices used for irrigation scheduling.
Aerial photos are also used to differentiate between patches in each property, to record changes in
cropping boundaries, and to document any new plantings. This process is used to quantify the major
crop types, irrigation systems and total cropped area for each region throughout the River Murray
corridor. It also tracks how irrigated horticulture is developing within this region each year.
Crop Survey Web Application
In 2007 the South Australian Murray-Darling Natural Resources Management Board shifted its focus
to moving the desktop applications and district irrigation databases into a web environment to
improve data management and access. This led to development of the Crop Survey Web Application
(CSWA). The CSWA consisted of two functional components:
Part A: Database Development
Part B: Web Application Development
Part A includes development of the spatial database and migrating data from the existing District
Irrigation Databases.
Part B includes development of the web application that will be used to maintain non-spatial
information contained in the database. The web application will also provide standard reporting
functions based on the information contained in the database.
Platform Information consists of Microsoft SQL Server 2005, Microsoft .NET framework, ArcGIS Server
and the IIS web server software. The web application will connect to the database via ArcGIS Server
APIs.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 12 of 68
The crop survey web application will provide a means to update and distribute crop and irrigation
information. The key functions of the web application are to:

Provide the capacity for irrigators to verify and update textual information pertaining to their
enterprise including:
o Enterprise management and contact details
o Crop composition and age of plantings
o Irrigation system specifications
o Irrigation scheduling details

Give irrigators the capacity to request a visit from a crop surveyor to update planting or
irrigation system boundary mapping

Give irrigators the capacity to generate property plans and reports based on information stored
in the database

Provide an automated email reminder service to trigger irrigators to check whether their
information requires updating

Act as a data clearing house to enable key stakeholders to download information (subject to
information release permissions defined by irrigators)

Provide district and regional summary data via standard products
These functions will streamline the crop survey process by reducing the amount of time surveyors
need to spend on the phone or visiting properties. They will also provide broader access to
standardised crop and irrigation information.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 13 of 68
1.2
Water use data sources
Water use data for river reaches 9 to 22 was sought from six authorities:
 Victorian Water Register (via Lower Murray Water (LMW))
 NSW State Water
 Western Murray Irrigation (WMI), NSW
 Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR), SA
 Central Irrigation Trust (CIT), SA
 Angas Bremer Water Management Committee, SA
Table 2: Water use data source per river reach
Delivery to
 VIC private diverters
 Robinvale District
 Buronga District
 NSW diverters
 Red Cliffs District
 Mildura District
 Merbein District
 VIC private diverters
 NSW diverters
 Coomealla District
 Curlwaa District
Water data source
 VIC Water Register:4142155 & 4142157
 VIC Water Register: 4003010 /LMW Annual Report
 WMI
 NSW State Water
 VIC Water Register: 4003020 / LMW
 VIC Water Register: 4004010 / LMW
 VIC Water Register: 4003030 / LMW
 VIC water register: 4142273, 4142160 & 4142162
 NSW State Water
 WMI
 WMI
Reach 13

NSW diverters

NSW State Water
Reach 14

NSW diverters

NSW State Water
























VIC private diverters
NSW diverters
SA diverters
Chaffey Trust
Renmark District
SA diverters
Berri Trust
Lyrup Trust
SA diverters
Cobdogla Trust
Kingston Trust
Loxton Trust
Moorook Trust
SA diverters
Golden Heights Trust
Sunlands Trust
Waikerie Trust
SA diverters
Cadell Trust
SA diverters
Mypolonga Trust
SA diverters
SA diverters
Angas Bremer
























VIC water register: 4142161
NSW State Water
DEWNR
CIT
DEWNR
DEWNR
CIT
CIT
DEWNR
CIT
CIT
CIT
CIT
DEWNR
CIT
CIT
CIT
DEWNR
CIT
DEWNR
CIT
DEWNR
DEWNR
Angas Bremer Water Management Committee/DEWNR
Reach 9
Reach 10
Reach 11
Reach 12
Reach 15
Reach 16
Reach 17
Reach 18
Reach 19
Reach 20
Reach 21
Reach 22
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 14 of 68
Victorian water use data
Victorian Water Register
Table 3: Victorian Water Register water use data
Delivery
System
Code
4003010
Robinvale
-
18,859
28,374
4142155
Wakool – Euston
-
97,155
135,660
4142157
Euston - Wentworth
-
121,536
139,191
4004010
FMID
-
30,201
32,700
4003020
Red Cliffs
-
25,560
25,342
4003030
Merbein
-
15,365
17,262
4142273
Wentworth Lock 8
-
6,921
8,861
4142160
Lock 8 - Rufus River
-
23
0
4142162
Lindsay River
-
9,649
11,334
4142161
Rufus River – SA
-
911
852
Delivery System
Description
2002/03
ML
2008/09
ML
2011/12
ML
MDBA Reach
Reach 9 (part)
Reach 10
Reach 11 (part)
Reach 15 (part)
Lower Murray Water
Table 4: Lower Murray Water ‘total delivered’ volumes sourced from annual reports
Delivery System
Robinvale
FMID
Red Cliffs
Merbein
2002/03
ML
20,041.2
50,838*
48,444**
37,811.6
2008/09
ML
18,877
2011/12
ML
17,582.8
30,296
27,789.5
25,576.5
24,165.2
27,314
48,444
15,375
15,272.8
MDBA Reach
Reach 9 (part)
Reach 10
*Volume delivered – First Mildura Irrigation Trust Master Plan, January 2005
**Water use study undertaken by SunRISE 21 in 2006 – includes some municipal, recreation, public
land usage.
New South Wales water use data
Western Murray Irrigation
Table 5: Western Murray Irrigation ‘water delivered’ volumes sourced from annual reports
Irrigation Area
Buronga
Coomealla
Curlwaa
2002/03
ML
3,386
2008/09
ML
2,973
2011/12
ML
3,260
20,531
18,995
16,691
5,924
4,617
3,976
MDBA Reach
Reach 9 (part)
Reach 12
NSW State Water
No water use data was received from NSW State Water as at 3 May 2013.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 15 of 68
South Australian water use data
Central Irrigation Trust
The Central Irrigation Trust (CIT), Barmera, South Australia, manages twelve irrigation districts located
in six of the MDBA river reaches; Reaches 15 to 20. Water use figures in Table 6 were supplied by the
CIT. The figures are those reported in annual reports or are from departmental records where the
district has only recently come under CIT management.
Table 6: Water allocation used - Central Irrigation Trust districts
Irrigation Trust
2002/03
ML
2008/09
ML
2011/12
ML
MDBA Reach
Berri
33,162
16,632
18,609
Reach 16 (part)
Cadell
3,204
1,172
1,362
Reach 19 (part)
Chaffey
9,178
6,695
5,756
Reach 15 (part)
28,788
14,853
17,561
Reach 17 (part)
Golden Heights
7,115
5,620
6,175
Reach 18 (part)
Kingston
1,618
973
1,116
Reach 17 (part)
27,970
16,105
17,217
Reach 17 (part)
Not applicable
1,655
1,719
Reach 16 (part)
Moorook
3,382
1,853
2,103
Reach 17 (part)
Mypolonga
2,269
1,042
1,242
Reach 20 (part)
Sunlands
8,640
5,326
6,474
Reach 18 (part)
Waikerie
15,926
9,725
11,230
Reach 18 (part)
141,252
81,651
90,564
Cobdogla
Loxton
Lyrup
Total
Angas Bremer Irrigation Management Zone
Table 7: Angas Bremer River Murray recorded water use
2002/03
ML
Angas Bremer
Irrigation Management
Zone
18, 587
2008/09
ML
5,442
2011/12
ML
18,789
MDBA Reach
Reach 22 (part)
South Australia Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
No water use data was received from DEWNR as at 3 May 2013.
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Page 16 of 68
1.3
Method
Crop mapping from SunRISE Mapping and the South Australian Murray-Darling Natural Resources
Management Board 9 (via Mapping Services Australia) was assessed and standardised to enable
consistent analysis of irrigation methods (Table 8) and crop types (Table 9). Across the two data
sources there is varying naming, data base structures and details for over 65,700 crops in each season.
Crop type categories were assigned specifically for relevance to this project. It was not possible to
differentiate some of the ‘crop types’ specified in the project brief. For example, ‘maize for grain’ and
‘maize for forage’ could only be reported on as ‘maize’. Most pasture crops could not be
differentiated as ‘annual’ or ‘perennial’. Also, hectares of some crops specified in the project brief
were so small they were not reported as a separate crop category. For example, there was less than
ten hectares of ‘tomatoes’ in total, so these were classed as ‘vegetable other’.
Note that irrigated areas for public purposes (e.g. municipal parks and gardens, school recreation
areas, golf courses etc.) are not included in the crop mapping. However, water use figures for
irrigation, particularly bulk water licences, may include water use for industrial and public purposes.
Irrigation method description
There is a vast range of irrigation systems and these were classified into four irrigation methods; drip,
low level, overhead and furrow (Table 8).
Table 8: Description of irrigation methods
Irrigation method
Drip
Description
Including Subsurface Drip, Trickle
Low level
Including Micro jet, Micro Sprinkler, Sprinkler, Under Canopy, Waterbird
Overhead
Including Hand Shift, Hand spray, Knockers, Nelson, Pivot, Spray, Travel
Furrow
Vacant
Including Flood and lasered flood irrigation
Vacant (not irrigated) areas that were previously irrigated and could still be
irrigated
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Crop type description
Table 9: Description of irrigated crop types and categories
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Category
Description
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Grapevines rootstock not recorded
Grapevines on rootstocks with tolerance of saline soil
Grapevines on own roots or rootstocks without salt tolerance
Citrus category not recorded
Fruit other
Nut tree
Almond
Nut other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
Miscellaneous
Field crop
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Field other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Vegetable
Onion
Potato
Veg other
Vacant
Vacant P
Vacant S
Including Blood Orange, Navel, Valencia
Fruit tree category not recorded
Apple, Loquat, Nashi, Pear, Quince
Apricot, Cherry, Nectarine, Peach, Plum
Date Palm, Feijoa, Fig, Guava, Jujube, Mango, Mulberry, Pawpaw,
Persimmon, Pomegranate, Quandong, Tamarillo, Tropical Fruit
Macadamia, Pecan, Pistachio, Walnut
Plant nursery
Arboretum, Native Plantation, Windbreak, Woodlot
Aquaculture, Berry Fruit, Cactus, Carob, Coco Palm, Flower, Herb,
Jojoba, Mushroom, Native Plant/Flower, Passionfruit, Reed, Rose,
Strawberry
Field crop category not recorded
Barley, Millet, Oat, Rye, Sorghum, Triticale, Wheat
Lucerne for grain or forage
Maize for grain or forage
Including clover, kikuyu
Chickpea, Cover Crop, ELMA*, Field Pea, Sunflower, Turf
Vegetable category not recorded
Butternut, Cucumber, Honey dew, Melon, Pumpkin, Rockmelon,
Squash, Watermelon, Zucchini
Including Sweet Potato
Artichoke, Bean, Beetroot, Brassica, Broccoli, Cabbage, Capsicum,
Cauliflower, Chilli, Eggplant, Garlic, Lettuce, Pea, Salad Greens, Sweet
Corn, Tomato, Turnip
Vacant/not irrigated and previously an irrigated permanent crop
Vacant/not irrigated and previously an irrigated seasonal crop
*ELMA (Environmental Land Management Allocation): land within the Lower Murray Reclaimed Areas
Irrigation with a limited water allocation to minimise effects of rising saline ground water.
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR
other categories not listed.
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Page 18 of 68
Tolerant and non-tolerant rootstocks
‘Tolerant’ and ‘Non-tolerant’ in this report refers to salt tolerance of grapevine rootstocks. Rootstock
performance in saline soil was sourced from South Australian Research and Development Institute
(SARDI)1. Performance of rootstocks can vary under different conditions and SARDI specifies that its
description of rootstocks “indicates performance in saline soil. Interaction with drought is not
considered here (rootstocks susceptible to drought may have higher salt uptake in drought
situation)”. Hence, the listing of rootstock tolerance in Table 10 does not take interaction in drought
and long term saline conditions into consideration.
For the purpose of this report:

Where the grapevine rootstock was not recorded, unknown, or the vine had been grafted and the
previous grape variety was recorded as the rootstock, the crop was designated ‘unknown
tolerance’

Grapevines on their own roots were designated ‘non-tolerant’

Grapevines on a rootstock listed in the right hand column of Table 10 were designated ‘nontolerant’

Grapevines on a rootstock listed in the left hand column of Table 10 were designated ‘tolerant’

Where grapevines were on a mix of tolerant and non-tolerant rootstocks the area was halved
Table 10: Rootstocks assigned ‘tolerant’ and ‘non-tolerant’ of saline conditions
Rootstocks assigned ‘tolerant’ of saline
conditions:
 101-14 Millardet
 Schwarzmann
 110 and 99 Richter
 1103 Paulsen
 140 Ruggeri
 K51-32 Lider
 Ramsey, Salt Creek
 Freedom
 Dogridge
Rootstocks assigned ‘non-tolerant’ of saline
conditions:
 5A & 5C Teleki
 5BB Kober
 K51-40 Lider
 Harmony
Definition of ‘vacant’
The crop mapping includes a crop type of ‘vacant’. Vacant areas were previously irrigated but not
irrigated in the season that the crop mapping refers to. The previous crop may, or may not, have
been cleared from a vacant area. Where the vacant area was previously a permanent planting, it is
referred to in this report as Vacant P. Where the vacant area was previously a seasonal planting,
such as pasture or vegetables, it is referred to as Vacant S.
Vacant areas may or may not be irrigated again in the future. Until there is a change of land use that
precludes the site from being irrigated (such as residential development, construction of sheds, dams,
cool rooms or set aside for conservation purposes) the ‘vacant’ area remains in the crop mapping.
1
Nicholas P, Rootstock Characteristics, SARDI, Loxton Centre (1999)
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 19 of 68
Areas have been rounded to the nearest five hectares.
Tabulated information on areas in this report has been rounded to the nearest five hectares. Hence,
unless there is at least 2.5 hectares of a particular crop category or irrigation method in a River Reach,
that crop category or irrigation method will not be appear in the tabulated information.
Limitations
Woodlots and native plants might only be irrigated to get them established, or to sustain them
through a dry period. Where it is unclear as to whether a woodlot or tree plantation is irrigated in any
particular season, it is assumed that it is irrigated. Woodlots that are known to be no longer irrigated
are recorded as ‘vacant’ in the crop database.
Hectares for seasonal crops such as vegetables and field crops (lucerne, irrigated cereal, pasture or
fodder crops) are less reliable as irrigating of these crops can be shifted from site to site. The imagery
provides only one snap-shot of the season, making it difficult to determine the extent of irrigation
activity in a given season. Also, cereal and pasture crops may grow purely on rainfall in a particularly
wet season. Vegetable and field crops often cover large areas so they have a significant impact on
crop area totals and water use calculations. In some instances, particularly with seasonal crops, areas
may have been abandoned with water transferred to permanent plantings at another site.
Water use figures are generally ‘water delivered’ volumes, however there may still be some
anomalies with respect to system delivery losses or filling of dams or storages. Also, some water use,
particularly for bulk water licences, may include uses other than agricultural; such as water use for
municipal parks and gardens, recreation reserves, golf courses etc.
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Page 20 of 68
2.
River Reaches 9 to 22 totals
2.1
River Reaches 9 to 22 total crop areas
Table 11: River Reaches 9 to 22 total crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
Angas Bremer hectares*
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
10,795
18,530
26,910
95
210
445
25
1,255
11,400
245
170
580
1,475
265
1,720
125
7,210
260
330
725
170
805
8,010
5,825
3,605
30
110
2,555
8,775
1,105
3,865
565
1,080
765
1,395
3,850
220
2,060
10,575
138,135
16,830
20,465
15,575
220
145
270
25
1,545
10,140
275
190
390
4,830
190
1,280
205
22,245
280
260
645
240
165
1,265
0
1,225
10
65
550
2,675
670
3,205
335
575
645
220
2,680
135
12,280
42,125
165,070
17,245
19,710
14,205
360
150
270
40
1,600
10,000
255
180
530
4,430
180
1,180
330
22,790
315
275
565
225
410
3,835
6,500
1,375
60
65
540
2,925
725
1,345
400
2,380
705
175
4,175
520
14,375
32,745
168,090
+7,934
+6,748
+6,687
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed. *Crop mapping for Angas Bremer was unavailable and hectares have been
sourced from Angas Bremer Annual Reports. Refer to section 1.1 Crop data sources.
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Page 21 of 68
2.2
River Reaches 9 to 22 total irrigation methods
Table 12: River Reaches 9 to 22 total irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
180,000
160,000
hectares
140,000
120,000
12,635
38,285
Vacant
47,120
19,100
18,935
Furrow/Fl
ood
Overhead
24,625
23,775
Lowlevel
13,535
28,325
100,000
80,000
54,405
60,000
40,000
28,225
20,000
30,665
Drip
61,245
64,725
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
30,665
61,245
64,725
39%
+34,060
Low level
28,225
24,625
23,775
14%
-4,450
Overhead
38,285
19,100
18,935
11%
-19,350
Furrow
28,325
5,695
13,535
8%
-14,790
Vacant
12,635
54,405
47,120
28%
+34,485
Total
138,135
165,070
168,090
100%
+29,955
Irrigation
unknown*
+7,934
+6,748
+6,687
Angas Bremer hectares
* Refer to section 1.1 Crop data sources.
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes all sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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3.
River Reach 9: Wakool to Wentworth
River Reach 9 Map
Crops in River Reach 9 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between the Wakool
River junction and the Darling River junction (Lock 10) at Wentworth.
Also diverting water along this stretch of the Murray River are Red Cliffs, Mildura and Merbein
districts, and Coomealla and Curlwaa districts. However, these districts are described in Reach 10
(Red Cliffs, Mildura and Merbein) and Reach 12 (Coomealla and Curlwaa).
Map 2: River Reach 9 – Wakool to Wentworth
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3.1
River Reach 9 crop areas
Table 13: River Reach 9 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
4,095
4,510
4,805
45
60
120
335
3,815
30
65
295
625
80
30
3,215
150
80
250
20
395
65
50
2,290
130
3,405
300
480
120
25
1,000
25
535
2,030
33,475
5,350
5,290
3,155
140
45
80
535
3,360
50
70
250
3,940
25
35
16,160
180
90
240
40
55
30
40
10
495
10
2,785
145
375
150
15
915
5
3,270
5,460
52,795
5,715
5,225
2,505
215
40
95
15
600
3,355
35
70
385
3,645
15
110
16,310
210
70
275
20
200
80
175
60
540
15
630
225
2,180
140
15
1,750
340
4,020
5,140
54,420
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
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Page 24 of 68
3.2
River Reach 9 irrigation methods
Table 14: River Reach 9 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
6,560
6,665
6,035
5,925
30,915
32,230
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
60,000
hectares
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
11,385
6,615
9,680
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
9,680
30,915
32,230
59%
+22,550
Low level
6,615
6,035
5,925
11%
-690
Overhead
11,385
6,560
6,665
12%
-4,720
Furrow
3,230
555
440
1%
-2,790
Vacant
2,565
8,730
9,160
17%
+6,595
Total
33,475
52,795
54,420
100%
+20,945
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes all sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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4.
River Reach 10: Red Cliffs, Mildura & Merbein
River Reach 10 map
Crops in River Reach 10 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River at three irrigation
district pump stations supplying the Red Cliffs, Mildura and Merbein Irrigation Districts. Crops shown
outside the irrigation district boundaries in Map 3 are supplied with water from the district.
Map 3: River Reach 10 – Red Cliffs, Mildura and Merbein
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4.1
River Reach 10 crop areas
Table 15: River Reach 10 crop areas
Crop type
Category
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Citrus
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Fruit tree
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Nut tree
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Field crop Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Vegetable Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant
Vacant S
Total hectares
1,985
4,780
6,060
10
5
5
90
290
5
35
65
75
25
10
130
25
100
160
25
135
5
60
190
110
205
60
5
385
205
15,240
2,385
4,180
2,805
20
5
75
170
5
25
40
90
10
15
215
30
50
140
10
30
40
60
90
5
110
135
50
3,625
680
15,095
2,635
3,740
2,240
30
5
70
150
5
20
40
110
10
45
320
35
85
30
15
90
125
120
160
5
385
140
55
25
35
4,030
580
15,335
Water delivered (ML)
115,708
71,247
67,228
7.9
6.6
6.3
Grapevine
ML/ha
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Source: LMW Annual Reports
Excluding vacant hectares
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
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Page 27 of 68
4.2
River Reach 10 irrigation methods
Table 16: River Reach 10 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
1,140
2,135
885
1,960
2,870
2,840
4,645
5,040
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
16,000
14,000
hectares
12,000
4,595
10,000
8,000
4,480
6,000
4,000
2,000
3,105
2,470
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
2,470
4,645
5,040
33%
+2,570
Low level
3,105
2,870
2,840
19%
-265
Overhead
4,480
2,135
1,960
13%
-2,520
Furrow
4,595
1,140
885
6%
-3,710
Vacant
590
4,305
4,610
30%
+4,020
15,240
15,095
15,335
100%
+95
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes all sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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Page 28 of 68
5.
River Reach 11: Wentworth to Rufus River
River Reach 11 map
Crops in River Reach 11 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Wentworth
(Lock 10) and the Rufus River junction (Lock 7).
Map 4: River Reach 11 – Wentworth to Rufus River
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Page 29 of 68
5.1
River Reach 11 crop areas
Table 17: River Reach 11 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
55
120
490
10
5
10
60
775
5
40
5
125
50
25
105
-
260
125
420
5
10
5
10
60
1,185
5
10
25
20
5
-
240
100
420
10
5
10
60
1,410
5
10
35
25
20
5
-
Vacant P
150
90
185
previously a permanent crop
Vacant S
400
600
570
previously a seasonal crop
2,430
2,835
3,110
Total
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
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Page 30 of 68
5.2
River Reach 11 irrigation methods
Table 18: River Reach 11 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
4,000
3,000
755
hectares
690
2,000
550
880
885
1,000
835
840
1,215
1,390
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
840
1,215
1,390
45%
+550
Low level
835
885
880
28%
+45
Overhead
185
30
75
3%
-110
Furrow
20
15
10
0%
-10
Vacant
550
690
755
24%
+205
2,430
2,835
3,110
100%
+680
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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Page 31 of 68
6.
River Reach 12: Coomealla and Curlwaa
River Reach 12 map
Crops in River Reach 12 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River at two irrigation
district pump stations; for the Coomealla and Curlwaa Irrigation Areas managed by Western Murray
Irrigation.
Map 5: River Reach 12 – Coomealla and Curlwaa
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 32 of 68
6.1
River Reach 12 crop areas and water use
Table 19: River Reach 12 crop areas
Crop type
Category
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Citrus
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Fruit tree
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Nut tree
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Field crop Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Vegetable Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant
Vacant S
Total hectares
110
1,295
1,055
15
10
60
670
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
40
10
25
20
10
80
85
3,535
85
1,470
515
5
10
5
80
565
10
5
5
25
5
20
5
5
5
15
5
30
15
10
585
130
3,610
110
1,395
430
15
10
10
5
75
530
10
5
15
15
45
5
25
5
5
5
20
10
25
15
55
655
115
3,610
Water delivered (ML)
26,455
23,612
20,667
7.9
8.2
7.3
Grapevine
ML/ha
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Source: WMI Annual Reports
Excluding vacant hectares
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 33 of 68
6.2
River Reach 12 irrigation methods
Table 20: River Reach 12 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
715
770
295
215
965
870
1,525
1,675
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
4,000
3,000
535
hectares
615
2,000
1,250
1,000
970
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
Drip
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
970
1,525
1,675
46%
+705
Low level
1,250
965
870
24%
-380
Overhead
615
295
215
6%
-400
Furrow
535
110
80
2%
-455
Vacant
165
715
770
21%
+605
3,535
3,610
3,610
100%
+75
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 34 of 68
7.
River Reach 13: Menindee to Wentworth
River Reach 13 map
Crops in River Reach 13 are irrigated with water diverted from the Darling River between the
Menindee Weir and Wentworth (Lock 10).
Map 6: River Reach 13 – Menindee to Wentworth
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 35 of 68
7.1
River Reach 13 crop areas
Table 21: River Reach 13 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
425
660
1,285
5
15
10
5
45
430
25
35
15
55
5
20
5
45
5
35
6,905
5,825
330
25
550
865
160
35
40
35
715
1,230
955
1,040
35
10
10
5
50
465
25
30
10
85
85
5
10
5
15
270
0
145
10
310
110
40
5
385
14,615
1,250
950
985
50
10
70
470
20
25
5
85
85
5
10
5
25
2,670
6,500
140
435
125
20
485
5,625
18,610
19,960
20,050
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 36 of 68
7.2
River Reach 13 irrigation methods
Table 22: River Reach 13 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
25,000
hectares
20,000
6,110
15,000
10,000
15,000
13,550
8,800
5,000
0
Irrigation method
2,560
3,305
4,185
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
Drip
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
2,560
3,305
4,185
21%
+1,625
Low level
660
490
380
2%
-280
Overhead
1,090
690
575
3%
-515
Furrow
13,550
475
8,800
44%
-4,750
Vacant
750
15,000
6,110
30%
+5,360
18,610
19,960
20,050
100%
+1,440
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 37 of 68
8.
River Reach 14: Darling Anabranch
River Reach 14 map
Crops in River Reach 14 are irrigated with water diverted from the Darling Anabranch between its
junction with the Darling and Murray Rivers.
Map 7: River Reach 14 – Darling Anabranch
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 38 of 68
8.1
River Reach 14 crop areas
Table 23: River Reach 14 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
5
35
25
50
5
110
5
10
100
115
115
115
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 39 of 68
8.2
River Reach 14 irrigation methods
Table 24: River Reach 14 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
120
100
hectares
50
80
60
100
115
40
50
20
Irrigation method
10
15
0
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
Change 2003
to 2012
2012 %
Drip
-
-
-
-
-
Low level
-
-
-
-
-
Overhead
15
0
5
4%
-10
Furrow
50
0
10
9%
-40
Vacant
50
115
100
87%
+50
Total
115
115
115
100%
0
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 40 of 68
9.
River Reach 15: Rufus River to Lock 5
River Reach 15 map
Crops in River Reach 15 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between the Rufus
River junction (Lock 7) and Lock 5. Pike River draws water upstream of Lock 5; hence diverters along
Pike River are in Reach 15.
Map 8: River Reach 15 – Rufus River to Lock 5
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 41 of 68
9.1
River Reach 15 crop areas
Table 25: River Reach 15 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
2,890
725
2,125
5
40
175
15
445
1,820
120
115
100
55
870
25
1,160
40
30
135
20
145
130
30
75
5
5
545
10
250
395
2,945
1,015
1,465
25
85
10
545
1,990
140
30
20
95
40
655
95
2,185
35
15
145
45
5
95
35
5
35
5
200
1,170
670
2,800
990
1,475
40
30
85
10
565
1,975
140
30
20
95
40
565
95
2,280
35
15
135
40
165
35
5
30
45
10
200
1,390
565
12,500
13,800
13,905
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 42 of 68
9.2
River Reach 15 irrigation methods
Table 26: River Reach 15 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
960
1,610
720
650
4,025
3,830
6,680
6,955
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
16,000
14,000
hectares
12,000
10,000
8,000
4,545
6,000
4,000
2,000
4,740
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
4,740
6,680
6,955
50%
+2,215
Low level
4,545
4,025
3,830
28%
-715
Overhead
1,610
535
515
4%
-1,095
Furrow
960
720
650
4%
-310
Vacant
645
1,840
1,955
14%
+1,310
12,500
13,800
13,905
100%
+1,405
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 43 of 68
10. River Reach 16: Lock 5 to Lock 4
River Reach 16 map
Crops in River Reach 16 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Lock 5 and
Lock 4.
Map 9: River Reach 16 – Lock 5 to Lock 4
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 44 of 68
10.1 River Reach 16 crop areas
Table 27: River Reach 16 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
85
1,450
1,590
15
5
10
20
360
10
10
5
35
10
195
20
45
30
25
5
40
25
20
10
15
55
125
815
1,650
535
15
5
5
20
300
5
10
35
5
160
5
270
35
20
40
15
15
15
10
405
150
800
1,595
525
10
5
5
15
290
5
10
35
5
165
5
270
35
20
40
15
15
15
10
505
155
4,215
4,540
4,550
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 45 of 68
10.2 River Reach 16 irrigation methods
Table 28: River Reach 16 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
4,000
180
555
660
1,395
1,075
3,000
1,060
1,415
1,335
1,365
1,380
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
hectares
5,000
2,000
1,625
1,000
815
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
Drip
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
820
1,370
1,380
30%
+560
Low level
1,625
1,415
1,335
29%
-290
Overhead
1,395
1,075
1,060
23%
-335
Furrow
195
125
115
3%
-80
Vacant
180
555
660
15%
+480
4,215
4,540
4,550
100%
+335
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 46 of 68
11. River Reach 17: Lock 4 to Lock 3
River Reach 17 map
Crops in River Reach 17 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Lock 4 and
Lock 3.
Map 10: River Reach 17 – Lock 4 to Lock 3
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 47 of 68
11.1 River Reach 17 crop areas
Table 29: River Reach 17 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
290
2,895
4,810
35
50
5
190
1,290
20
10
15
50
85
125
10
1,020
5
25
65
20
10
5
130
10
65
10
45
180
5
50
25
295
200
2,355
3,250
2,105
25
40
10
190
985
15
10
10
45
30
105
10
1,265
5
20
55
30
5
25
125
10
100
10
70
150
35
45
1,235
235
2,300
3,180
2,100
25
35
10
155
955
15
10
10
40
30
105
10
1,265
5
20
55
30
5
35
115
10
100
10
65
145
35
45
1,465
235
12,045
12,605
12,620
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 48 of 68
11.2 River Reach 17 irrigation methods
Table 30: River Reach 17 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
3,555
2,710
2,605
3,135
3,000
5,105
5,140
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
14,000
12,000
hectares
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,200
4,000
2,000
3,530
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
3,530
5,105
5,140
41%
+1,610
Low level
4,200
3,135
3,000
24%
-1,200
Overhead
3,555
2,710
2,605
21%
-950
Furrow
265
185
175
1%
-90
Vacant
495
1,470
1,700
13%
+1,205
12,045
12,605
12,620
100%
+575
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 49 of 68
12. River Reach 18: Lock 3 to Lock 2
River Reach 18 map
Crops in River Reach 18 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Lock 3 and
Lock 2.
Map 11: River Reach 18 – Lock 3 to Lock 2
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 50 of 68
12.1 River Reach 18 crop areas
Table 31: River Reach 18 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture
perennial
Pasture
unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
200
855
2,355
10
15
35
45
2,050
20
10
45
430
10
130
20
545
20
15
10
35
65
5
65
60
35
105
510
1,460
5
130
2,785
515
1,075
1,780
5
30
40
1,760
20
10
40
470
5
80
10
535
15
5
10
15
55
20
5
5
85
265
665
15
665
4,725
495
1,095
1,775
10
25
35
1,745
20
5
40
350
5
70
10
520
15
10
15
10
10
5
5
95
295
1,250
15
740
4,915
12,080
12,925
13,580
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 51 of 68
12.2 River Reach 18 irrigation methods
Table 32: River Reach 18 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2,915
5,390
2012 (ha)
14,000
12,000
hectares
10,000
8,000
3,540
6,000
4,000
3,315
2,000
2,295
5,655
1,425
1,640
2,875
2,815
3,225
3,460
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
2,295
3,225
3,460
25%
+1,165
Low level
3,315
2,875
2,815
21%
-500
Overhead
3,540
1,425
1,640
12%
-1,900
Furrow
15
10
10
0%
-5
Vacant
2,915
5,390
5,655
42%
+2,740
Total
12,080
12,925
13,580
100%
+1,500
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 52 of 68
13. River Reach 19: Lock 2 to Lock 1
River Reach 19 map
Crops in River Reach 18 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Lock 2 and
Lock 1 at Blanchetown.
Map 12: River Reach 19 – Lock 2 to Lock 1
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 53 of 68
13.1 River Reach 19 crop areas
Table 33: River Reach 19 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
340
1,060
1,635
5
5
295
5
40
105
125
10
5
10
275
1,280
1,320
225
5
45
110
80
5
5
5
5
25
285
1,265
1,315
5
215
5
45
100
75
5
5
10
5
25
200
5
40
70
15
15
495
20
60
990
50
5
45
160
5
480
1,435
30
5
210
20
510
1,430
5,550
5,565
5,565
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 54 of 68
13.2 River Reach 19 irrigation methods
Table 34: River Reach 19 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
1,915
1,940
490
470
1,170
1,145
1,690
1,990
2,010
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
6,000
5,000
1,050
4,000
hectares
1,570
3,000
2,000
1,000
1,170
0
Irrigation method
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
1,690
1,990
2,010
36%
+320
Low level
1,170
1,170
1,145
21%
-25
Overhead
1,570
490
470
8%
-1,100
Furrow
70
-
-
0%
-70
Vacant
1,050
1,915
1,940
35%
+890
Total (ha)
5,550
5,565
5,565
100%
+15
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 55 of 68
14. River Reach 20: Lock 1 to Murray Bridge
River Reach 20 map
Crops in River Reach 20 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Lock 1 and
Murray Bridge.
Map 13: River Reach 20 – Lock 1 to Murray Bridge
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 56 of 68
14.1 River Reach 20 crop areas
Table 35: River Reach 20 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
105
170
160
5
20
15
320
15
50
105
5
270
15
15
30
20
440
525
15
330
1,835
15
70
770
715
20
40
1,620
105
155
130
5
10
260
15
50
75
5
330
10
10
30
385
115
175
645
210
5
150
890
255
6,175
105
155
130
5
10
255
15
50
75
5
315
10
10
30
385
115
175
645
210
5
150
890
275
6,175
7,715
10,195
10,195
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
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14.2 River Reach 20 irrigation methods
Table 36: River Reach 20 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
1,660
6,430
6,450
935
935
1,750
1,745
845
690
685
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
12,000
10,000
hectares
8,000
6,000
1,945
4,000
2,000
0
Irrigation method
3,025
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
240
390
380
4%
+140
Low level
845
690
685
7%
-160
Overhead
3,025
1,750
1,745
17%
-1,280
Furrow
1,945
935
935
9%
-1,010
Vacant
1,660
6,430
6,450
63%
+4,790
Total
7,715
10,195
10,195
100%
+2,480
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
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15. River Reach 21: Murray Bridge to Wellington
River Reach 21 map
Crops in River Reach 21 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Murray
Bridge and Wellington.
Map 14: River Reach 21 – Murray Bridge to Wellington
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
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15.1 River Reach 21 crop areas
Table 37: River Reach 21 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
15
5
15
10
150
475
10
295
2,670
75
35
20
40
85
25
105
10
385
15
5
5
5
340
165
50
170
750
430
10
15
65
20
2,455
15
5
5
5
340
165
50
170
750
430
10
15
65
25
2,455
4,425
4,500
4,505
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 60 of 68
15.2 River Reach 21 irrigation methods
Table 38: River Reach 21 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
2,475
2,480
1,425
1,425
565
565
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
5,000
395
hectares
4,000
3,000
2,675
2,000
1,000
1,340
0
Irrigation method
2003 (ha)
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
15
15
15
0%
0
Low level
-
20
20
0%
+20
Overhead
1,340
565
565
13%
-775
Furrow
2,675
1,425
1,425
32%
-1,250
Vacant
395
2,475
2,480
55%
+2,085
4,425
4,500
4,505
100%
+80
Total
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 61 of 68
16. River Reach 22: Wellington to the Barrages
River Reach 22 map
Crops in River Reach 22 are irrigated with water diverted from the Murray River between Wellington
and the Barrages (or Murray Mouth). Crop areas in the Angas Bremer Irrigation Management Zone
are not included in the crop mapping; however crop areas are included in Table 39 and Table 40
sourced from Angas Bremer Annual Reports.
Map 15: River Reach 22 – Wellington to the Barrages
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 62 of 68
16.1 River Reach 22 crop areas
Table 39: River Reach 22 crop areas
Crop type
Grapevine
Citrus
Fruit tree
Nut tree
Other
Field crop
Vegetable
Vacant
Category
unspecified
Tolerant
Non-tolerant
unspecified
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mandarin
Orange
Tangelo
unspecified
Avocado
Olive
Pome fruit
Stone fruit
Other
Almond
Other
Nursery
Tree plantation
Other
unspecified
Cereal
Cotton
Lucerne
Maize
Pasture annual
Pasture perennial
Pasture unknown
Other
unspecified
Asparagus
Carrot
Cucurbit
Onion
Potato
Other
Vacant P
Vacant S
Total
Angas Bremer hectares*
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
200
10
540
5
5
70
25
10
10
155
125
1,550
30
80
1,795
855
5
105
35
590
6,200
495
20
305
5
60
10
10
10
45
425
15
160
190
5
90
4,685
6,530
495
20
305
5
60
10
10
10
45
425
15
160
190
5
90
4,685
6,530
+7,934
+6,748
+6,687
previously a permanent crop
previously a seasonal crop
Note: ‘unspecified’ refers to unknown crop categories that may be categories already listed OR other
categories not listed.
*Crop mapping for Angas Bremer is unavailable. Hectares are from irrigator surveys and are not map
based. Figures (ha and ML) have been sourced from Angas Bremer Annual Reports. Note that the
crop areas (hectares) include crops irrigated with groundwater, as well as diversion from water
courses other than the Murray River.
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16.2 River Reach 22 irrigation methods
Table 40: River Reach 22 irrigation methods
2003 (ha)
2009 (ha)
2012 (ha)
4,775
4,775
840
840
815
865
865
2003
2009
2012
7,000
6,000
625
hectares
5,000
4,000
3,000
4,480
2,000
1,000
0
Irrigation method
2012 %
Change 2003
to 2012
Drip
815
865
865
13%
+50
Low level
60
50
50
1%
-10
Overhead
4,480
840
840
13%
-3,640
Furrow
220
-
-
0%
-220
Vacant
625
4,775
4,775
73%
+4,150
Total
6,200
6,530
6,530
100%
+330
Irrigation
unknown*
+7,934
+6,748
+6,687
Angas Bremer hectares
* Refer to section 1.1 Crop data sources.
Note: ‘Overhead’ includes centre pivot and travel sprays, ‘Low level’ includes sprinkler systems and
‘Furrow’ includes flood irrigation.
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Attachment A: Crop metadata
Crop data dictionary
Field Name
Source
Field
Type
string
Area_ha
Type
numeric
string
Category
Irrigation
State
Reach
string
string
string
string
Definition and Allowable Values
Agency source of the data:
 SunRISE Mapping or
 MSA (Mapping Services Australia)
Area of the crop patch in hectares
Crop type:
 Citrus
 Field Crop
 Fruit Tree
 Grapevine
 Nut Tree
 Other
 Vacant P (previously a permanent planting)
 Vacant S (previously a seasonal planting)
 Vegetable
Crop category
Irrigation method: Drip, Low level, Overhead or Furrow
VIC, NSW, or SA
MDBA River Reaches 9 to 22 inclusive
Crop metadata
General Properties
File Identifier
Hierarchy Level
dataset
Hierarchy Level Name
dataset
Standard Name
ANZLIC Metadata Profile: An Australian/New Zealand Profile of AS/NZS
ISO 19115:2005, Geographic information - Metadata
Standard Version
1.1
Date Stamp
2013-04-24
Resource Title
Crops_Reaches9to22
Alternate Resource Titles
2003, 2009 and 2012 irrigated crops of the LMD file geo-database
Format Name
ESRI ArcGIS 10.1 file geo-database feature class
Format Version
10.1
Key Dates and Languages
Date of creation
2013-04-24
Metadata Language
eng
Metadata Character Set
utf8
Dataset Languages
eng
Dataset Character Set
utf8
Abstract
The dataset was derived from crop mapping maintained by SunRISE
Mapping (lower Murray-Darling VIC and NSW) and Mapping Services
Australia (lower Murray South Australia). The crop mapping is based on
high resolution orthophoto imagery and represents three irrigation
seasons; 2002-03, 2008-09 and 2011-12. Crops are mapped to the on-
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
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farm level, where each crop patch represents a particular variety of crop
with a particular irrigation method. Crop details (attributes) are captured
from a combination of imagery interpretation, drive-by surveys and input
from individual irrigators.
Projection: The data is stored on datum GDA94, projection MGA54.
Purpose
To provide the Murray-Darling Basin Authority with information for
revision of salinity cost functions and assessment of salinity impacts.
Metadata Contact Information
Name of Individual
Name withheld
Organisation Name
SunRISE Mapping
Position Name
Manager
Role
pointOfContact
Voice
(03) 5021 7492
Facsimile
(03) 5021 4455
Email Address
mapping@sunrisemapping.org.au
Address
PO Box 1870
Mildura Victoria 3502
Australia
Resource Contacts
Name of Individual
Name withheld
Organisation Name
SunRISE Mapping
Position Name
Manager
Role
resourceProvider
Voice
(03) 5021 7492
Facsimile
(03) 5021 4455
Email Address
mapping@sunrisemapping.org.au
Address
PO Box 1870
Mildura Victoria 3502
Australia
Name of Individual
Name withheld
Organisation Name
Mapping Services Australia
Position Name
Manager
Role
resourceProvider
Voice
(08) 8582 2032
Facsimile
-
Email Address
info@mappingsa.com.au
Address
2 Wade Street
Berri SA 5343
Australia
Name of Individual
Name withheld
Organisation Name
SunRISE Mapping
Position Name
Manager
Role
owner
Voice
(03) 5021 7492
Facsimile
(03) 5021 4455
Email Address
mapping@sunrisemapping.org.au
Address
PO Box 1870
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Crop area data along the lower Murray
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Mildura Victoria 3502
Australia
Name of Individual
Name withheld
Organisation Name
South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management
Board
Position Name
Principal Project Officer
Role
owner
Voice
(08) 8536 5619
Facsimile
(08) 8536 8435
Email Address
info@samdbnrm.sa.gov.au
Address
PO Box 4
Strathalbyn South Australia 5255
Australia
Lineage Statement
Jurisdictions
Crop mapping in VIC and NSW river reaches is owned and managed by
SunRISE Mapping. Crop mapping in SA river reaches is owned by the
South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management
Board, and managed by Mapping Services Australia.
New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia
Search Words
AGRICULTURE-Crops
AGRICULTURE-Irrigation
AGRICULTURE-Horticulture
LAND-Use
Themes and Categories
Topic Category
Horticulture
Status and Maintenance
Status
completed
Maintenance and Update
Frequency
unknown
Date of Next Update
unknown
Reference system
Reference System
(EPSG:28354) GDA94 / MGA zone 54)
Data Fields
SOURCE
Data source: SunRISE Mapping or Mapping Services Australia (MSA)
AREA_HA
Area of the crop patch in hectares
TYPE
Crop type: Citrus, Field Crop, Fruit Tree, Grapevine, Nut Tree, Other,
Vacant P (previously a permanent planting), Vacant S (previously a
seasonal planting) or Vegetable
CATEGORY
Crop category
IRRIGATION
Method of irrigation: Drip, Low level, Overhead or Furrow. Principal
system only is used for dual systems e.g. ‘Drip’ would be used for
drip/overhead.
STATE
VIC, NSW or SA
Reach
MDBA River Reaches 9 to 22
Spatial Representation Type
Spatial Representation Type
vector
Metadata Security Restrictions
SunRISE Mapping & Research
Crop area data along the lower Murray
Page 67 of 68
Classification
unclassified
Authority
SunRISE Mapping
Use Limitations
Nil
Dataset Security Restrictions
Classification
restricted
Authority
SunRISE Mapping / South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural
Resources Management Board
Use Limitations
Data use restricted to MDBA projects exclusively.
Dataset Access Constraints
Identifier
license
Annotation
Dataset Use Constraints
Identifier
license
Annotation
Metadata Access Constraints
Identifier
copyright
Annotation
Metadata Use Constraints
Identifier
copyright
Extent - Geographic Bounding Box
North Bounding Latitude
-32.308
South Bounding Latitude
-35.770
West Bounding Longitude
138.700
East Bounding Longitude
143.406
Additional Extents - Geographic
Identifier
aus
Distribution Information
Distributor 1 Contact
Name of Individual
Name withheld
Organisation Name
SunRISE Mapping
Position Name
Manager
Role
distributor
Voice
(03) 5021 7492
Facsimile
(03) 5021 4455
Email Address
mapping@sunrisemapping.org.au
Address
PO Box 1870
Mildura Victoria 3502
Australia
Distributor 1 Format Information
Name of the format
.gdb
Version of the format
10.1
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