Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 1. Mountain ranges and volcanoes do not exist under ocean waters.
____ 2. There are mountain ranges under the ocean, but they are all much smaller than those found on the surface of
Earth.
____ 3. The continental shelf extends, on average, about 80 km from shore and ranges from 30 m to 600 m in depth .
____ 4. Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon .
____ 5. A tsunami is a powerful wave that quickly dies off when it reaches shallow water .
____ 6. Waves hitting the shore can erode very hard rock when given enough time.
____ 7. Headlands are most likely composed of rock that is harder than rock in the surrounding shoreline.
____ 8. The vertical distance between a wave's crest and its trough is known as wave height .
____ 9. Because of its size , the Sun has the greatest effect on Earth's tides.
____ 10. The Bay of Fundy has a large tidal range because it has a long, curved coastline .

____ 11. The ocean floor is a flat, smooth surface.
____ 12. The abyssal plains are wide, open areas of the ocean floor, formed from thick deposits of sediment.
____ 13. The mountains and valleys in the ocean basins were created by the movement of the tides .
____ 14. Water temperature drops rapidly in the thermocline region of the ocean.
____ 15. The Sun's energy has a warming effect on the water in the upper 500 m of the ocean.
____ 16. Winds are created as cool air rises and warm air moves in to replace it.
____ 17. Masses of cold water flowing beneath the surface of the ocean produce density currents.
____ 18. The use of sound to map the ocean floor is traditionally called radar mapping .
____ 19. The winds along the equator blow from west to east .
____ 20. The Labrador Current is a warm ocean current .
____ 21. As a wave approaches a shoreline, the wavelength increases and the wave height decreases .
____ 22. Neap tides occur twice a month .
____ 23. As tectonic plates are pushed apart, an ocean ridge is formed.
Completion
Complete each statement.
24. A low point on Earth’s surface where water can often accumulate is called a ____________________.

25. Water flows downhill from the mountains to the ocean basins due the force of ____________________.
26. The technology used by scientists to map the geographical features of the ocean floor using sound waves is called ____________________.
27. When one tectonic plate slips under another tectonic plate, the landform created is an ocean
____________________.
28. About three quarters of the floor of the Atlantic Ocean is made of flat areas that are covered with sediment.
These deep ocean areas are called ____________________.
29. Deep in the ocean where the Sun cannot warm the water, the temperature of the water drops very rapidly. This region is known as a ____________________.
30. Sections of coastline that extend out into the ocean farther than surrounding areas are called
____________________.
31. Ocean currents that flow in the top 100-200 m of water and are affected by wind, Earth’s rotation, and the shape of Earth’s continents are known as _______________________ currents.
32. When the Moon, Earth, and the Sun form a right angle, they create _______________________ tides.
33. The largest tidal ranges, created when Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are in a line, are known as
_______________________ tides.
34. A _______________________ is the distance between the crests of waves.
35. When the crest of a wave begins to outrun the trough, the wave collapses onshore in a splash of water called a
_______________________.
36. Tides are essentially the result of the force of _______________________ .
37. The _______________________ effect is created by the rotation of Earth from west to east, which causes a deflection of moving ocean currents.
Matching
Match each of the following terms to the best description/definition/explanation provided. a. abyssal plain b. continental shelf c. continental slope d. ocean basin
____ 38. the wide, deep depression in Earth’s surface that contains an ocean
____ 39. the flat area of a continent that extends from the shore into the ocean
____ 40. the area that drops off rapidly into the deeper parts of the ocean
____ 41. the wide open region of the ocean between the continents and the mid-ocean ridge
Match each of the following terms to the best description/definition/explanation provided.

a. Coriolis effect b. density current c. ocean current d. swells e. tides f. upwelling
____ 42. a large amount of ocean water moving like a river in the ocean
____ 43. the daily cycle of the rise and fall of the oceans
____ 44. the sinking and movement of a section of water that is denser than the surrounding water
____ 45. the change of the direction of swirling water as a result of the spin of Earth
____ 46. the rising of water from the deep
____ 47. large smooth rolling waves that form in the open ocean
Short Answer
48. Explain why the Atlantic Ocean is becoming wider.
49. Identify each of the parts of the ocean floor labeled with a letter in the diagram below.
50. Identify three factors that affect the movement of ocean water.
51. Explain how the shape of the shoreline of the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick helps create a very large tidal range.
52. Explain why the waves that reach bays are less powerful than the waves that hit headlands. Be sure to include a sketch in your answer.
53. Make a sketch of a wave and label the wave length, wave height, crest and trough

54. Identify four factors that affect wave and tide interactions with shorelines.
Problem
55. Draw a diagram to show how the Sun and the Moon are positioned in relation to Earth during neap tides.
Label the following: Sun , Earth , Moon