A&P I Exam 3A 2013 Name ___________________________________________________________
Russo
11.1 Matching Questions
Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
1) Which neuron would connect to a muscle?
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1
2) Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye?
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1
3) Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1
4) Which neuron is never myelinated?
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1
5) Which neuron is rare?
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1
6) In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord?
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 395,422;Tbl 11.1
7) Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory
ganglia of cranial nerves?
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 395; Tbl. 11.1
8) Which is by far the most common neuron type?
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 395; Tbl. 11.1
Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
9) Ion channel.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
10) Synaptic vesicles.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
11) Calcium ions.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
12) Postsynaptic membrane.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
13) Synaptic cleft.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
Match the following:
A) Action potential
B) Relative refractory period
C) Repolarization
D) Absolute refractory period
E) Depolarization
14) The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 405
15) The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 399
16) The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a
change in membrane permeability.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 401
17) Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 400
18) An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 405
Answers: 14) D 15) E 16) C 17) A 18) B
True/False Questions
19) The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole
nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 401
20) Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 387
21) Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central
nervous system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 395
22) Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the
oligodendrocyte.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 390
23) During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 399
25) Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 393-395
25) Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 404; Fig. 11.13
26) The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 390
27) A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter
released into the synapse between two neurons.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 410-411
28) Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 405-406
Multiple-Choice Questions
29) Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
A) support and brace neurons
B) anchor neurons to blood vessels
C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine
capillary permeability
D) control the chemical environment around neurons
E) provide the defense for the CNS
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 389
30) Which of the choices below describes the ANS?
A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands
B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body
wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and
smell to the CNS
D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 388; Fig. 11.2
31) What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal
fluid called?
A) ependymal cells
B) Schwann cells
C) oligodendrocytes
D) astrocytes
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 389
32) What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?
A) origin of the stimulus
B) type of stimulus receptor
C) frequency of action potentials
D) size of action potentials
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 404; Fig. 11.13
33) Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.
A) motor neurons
B) called neuroglial cells
C) found in ganglia
D) found in the retina of the eye
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 393; Tbl. 11.1
34) Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and
participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?
A) mechanically gated channel
B) voltage-gated channel
C) leakage channel
D) ligand-gated channel
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 396
35) An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the
________.
A) cell body
B) synapse
C) receptor
D) effector
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 407
Matching Questions
Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
36) Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1
37) Bundle of muscle cells surrounded by a perimysium
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1
38) Connective tissue covering the exterior of a muscle organ.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1
39) Connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundles
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1
Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
40) I band.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2
41) H zone.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2
42) A band.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2
43) Z disc.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2
44) M line.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2
T/F
45) The thin filaments (actin) contain a polypeptide subunit G actin that bears active sites
for myosin attachment.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 281
46) One of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 277-278
47) An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin
filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 289
48) Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how
they are attached.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 277
49) A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside
and outside the cell.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 286
50) The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion
permeability properties temporarily.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 286
51) When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands diminish in size, the H zones disappear,
and the A bands do not diminish in length.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 285
Multiple-Choice Questions
52) What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
A) Tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads.
B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on
the actin molecules.
C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on
the myosin molecules.
D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 281
53) The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________.
A) increasing stimulus above the threshold
B) increasing stimulus above the treppe stimulus
C) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus
D) recruiting small and medium muscle fibers
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 296
54) Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances?
A) Ca2+ and ATP
B) Ca2+ only
C) ATP only
D) ATP and glucose
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 289; Fig. 9.11
55) What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondria
C) intermediate filament network
D) myofibrillar network
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 284
56) The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to
________.
A) make and store phosphocreatine
B) synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments
C) provide a source of myosin for the contraction process
D) regulate intracellular calcium concentration
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 284
57) During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
A) myosin filaments
B) actin filaments
C) Z discs
D) thick filaments
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 289
58) Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?
A) perimysium
B) endomysium
C) epimysium
D) fascicle
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 278; Fig. 9.1
59) The term aponeurosis refers to ________.
A) the bands of myofibrils
B) a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element
C) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) the tropomyosin-troponin complex
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 279
60) The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________.
A) hemoglobin
B) ATP
C) myoglobin
D) immunoglobin
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 279
Xtra Credit (1 point each)
1) Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile
strength increases?
A) motor units with the longest muscle fibers
B) many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor units
C) large motor units with small, highly excitable neurons
D) motor units with larger, less excitable neurons
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 296
2) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions?
A) motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential,
release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments
B) neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, motor neuron action potential,
release of calcium ions from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ATP-driven power stroke
C) muscle cell action potential, neurotransmitter release, ATP-driven power stroke,
calcium ion release from SR, sliding of myofilaments
D) neurotransmitter release, motor neuron action potential, muscle cell action potential,
release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 285-286; Fig 9.7
3) The sliding filament model of contraction involves ________.
A) actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
B) the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past
C) actin and myosin lengthening in order to slide past each other
D) the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 285
4) A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.
A) the membrane potential has been reestablished
B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell
C) proteins have been resynthesized
D) all sodium gates are closed
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 401
5) In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting)
neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________.
A) positively charged and contains less sodium
B) negatively charged and contains less sodium
C) negatively charged and contains more sodium
D) positively charged and contains more sodium
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 397
5) Individual muscle fiber.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1