Submission 1 – Institute of International Relations
- UNESCO’s 1998 report on Cyberspace Law is provided as an attachment
Submission 2 – German government – 10 principles
- Citizens can only enjoy freedom, security and well being if the governance of the inrent is
in line with the interests of the people
- There are preexisting principles documents but are either only supported by some
stakeholders are limited in regional reach
- Global principles may serve as a global reference point to establish consensus on what is
allowed, accepted and wanted with regard to use of the internet
- Same rights offline as online
- Governments possess public authority including internet related public policy issues and
supposed to be the main source for legitimacy and democratic legitimation – have to
respect human rights, rule of law, and that national law compiles with international law
- Civil society should continue as facilitator notably as empowerment and credibility
especially at the community level.
- The private sector and tech community significantly influence and encourage the
development, distribution and accessibility of the internet and should continue
- Principles inspired by UNGA resolution HRC resolution, OECD, Council of Europe, G8,
ROAM principles of UNESCO and COMPACT principles of European Commission and
CGI.br
o Global and free internet as a single commons, driving force for progress towards
development, growth, innovation and creativity
o Same rights offline must be protected online, privacy protection has to be
strengthened at the global level, unlawful or arbitrary surveillance interception
and unlawful arbitrary collection of data as highly intrusive act, may violate rights
to privacy, freedom of expression and access to information
o Access to internet should respect principle of non-discrimination, transparency
and openness
o All stakeholders, cooperating, in respective roles with specific responsibilities
respect principles and refrain from measures that may violate human rights,
undermine equal and democratic participation, disrespect of the rule of law or
compromise open internet
o Rule of law must be the foundation for legislation and norm development online.
States must ensure full compliance with obligations under international law
o Cultural and linguistic diversity can foster development of local content
o Individual empowerment through education, knowledge, health and infrastructure
but also accessible, affordable, stable and reliable digital environment – technically
advanced states should support appropriate capacity in building less advanced
states
o Decision making processes in IG need to be transparent and include all
stakeholders, all decision makers accountable for their decisions
o Security, stability, robustness and resilience of the Internet should be a key
objective of governments
o Tech community and private sector should retain their leading roles in the day to
day management of the decentralized internet
Submission 3 – Richard Hill – 8 Principles based on Dilma’s 5 in UNGA speech
- Dilma said, “we need to create multilateral mechanisms for the worldwide network that
are capable of ensuring
o freedom of expression, privacy and respect for human rights;
o open multilateral and democratic governance carried out with transparency by
stimulating creativity and participation of society, governments and the private
sector;
o universality that ensures human development;
o cultural diversity without imposition of beliefs, customs and values and
o neutrality of the network guided only by tech and ethical criteria
- Principles to ensure the internet develops as a single unfragmented global platform that
allows anyone-to-anyone communications
o Internet is an international public network that can only thrive in a multilaterally
agreed formal international framework that ensures accountability and
transparency. Framework must ensure the right, means and opportunity to use the
internet, and all can influence its governance
o Need for international agreement on security matters and unilateral assertion of
national laws or extra territorial actions. Any restrictions on human rights must be
necessary and proportionate
o Technical specs must be consistent with public policy.
o Identify main difficulties that digital economy poses for applying existing
international tax laws
o Reduce costs for developing countries users to connect, as outlined in ITU-T recs
o Access to infrastructure is an essential component of info society , affordable.
o Market solutions will not always result in rollout of sufficient infrastructure,
regulations promoting equal access to infrastructure may be appropriate
o Agree a formal framework providing all governments to participate on an equal
footing in the governance and supervision of ICANN and IANA to supervise these
functions as per Tunis agenda paras 29, 35, 36, 61 and 69
Submission 4- ISOC Yemen
- Open, stable, resilient interoperable internet
- Preserve multistakeholder model
- World deserves access to knowledge, services, commerce and communication.
Governments should promote expanding access to broadband networks to world citizens
can be reached
- Benefits of Internet depend on free flow of information – any governance model must
promote free flow of information
- Governance should promote open, distributed, interoperable and interconnected nature
of internet
- Resilience, security, stability must be preserved because internet is integral part of global
economy
- Individuals should be able to exercise human rights online and offline
- Governments should recognize limits of ability to collect information on internet users
and on users reasonable privacy interest and impact on trust of the internet
- All stakeholders have a stake in preserving internet must continue to be involved
- Any policy making must be transparent and accountable, grounded in rule of law
Submission 5 – Universidad National de San Luis
- Cyber attacks could be included in spirit and letter of Article 51 of UN Charter
- Cyberspace is recognized as a new domain of war but without a cyber defence agreement
- Detecting botnets and detecting attacks is feasible technically and economically
- IF UN began using LSNFA to detect cyber attacks and espionage could be faced, also
money laundering
- Without a cyber defence agreement, unilateral remedies will continue
- Most important aspect of dealing with doctrine of self defence (Article 51) is to attribute
unlawful conduct – there is an attribution problem
- Large Scale Net Flow Analysis and Pattern Recognition – it is possible to detect botnet /
cyber attack systems without privacy rights violation, private data will not be accessed
Submission 6 – US Government – 5 principles
- achieving consensus on principles will require flexibility, a fair process and cooperation
- our primary goal is to work with all stakeholders to achieve shared support for
multistakeholder internet governance
- A good starting point would be consideration of previously compiled high level principles
o Commitment to multistakeholder approach, consensus rooted in democratic
values, participation and transparency
o Protection of human rights that apply online and offline
o Promotion of universal and non-discriminatory access to the internet
o Promotion of stability, security, interoperability, and functioning of network
o Promote standard setting, regulatory and legal environments that support
innovation and avoid duplication
- Wise to avoid excessive deliberation on issues known to divide, discourage meeting
participations from debating the reach or limitations of state sovereignty in internet
policy
- Existing multistakeholder institutions deserve credit for the internet’s global growth, and
should continue to evolve along side changing technologies. Governments should
participate meaningfully and facilitate and enable the system to function well.
Governments should ensure that proper incentives and environment are in place
domestically so that a single, interoperable internet can flourish globally
Submission 7 – George Washington University
- Paper on how the US EU and Canada have used trade policies to regulate the internet
- National policies that protect privacy, IP rights, thwarts cyber threat, hacking spam, may
distort cross border information flows and trade.
- The Internet has become a platform for trade itself, has dramatically expanded trade and
policies have served to enhance and undermine Internet freedom.
- In theory, WTO should be venue for these discussions. WTO members agree to not place
tariffs on data flows, and has dispute settlement body, however governments have not
found common ground on reducing trade barriers to information flows
- The US is actively pushing for binding provisions in trade agreement to advance the free
flow of information while challenging other nations privacy and server location policies as
trade barriers
- Officials have not worked out how to negotiate trade agreements that accommodates need
for secrecy and meets public expectations for transparency
- Policy makers don’t know if censorship is a barrier to trade.
Submission 8 – Richard Hill
- Summarizes Internet Ad Hoc Group proposals,
o This group met in the mid-1990s, recommended creation of MOU, created a legal
structure for Internet governance. US rejected this and created ICANN
- the role of the US government,
o In 1997 the USG said it would phase oversight of Internet DNS no later than 30
September 2000.
- Modularization of ICANN’s functions,
o This approach assumes the DNS would remain a natural monopoly
o Governments concerned that ICANN operates under US Law
o Root server operations considered satisfactory, no issues require urgent
resolution, but the issue is long term international supervision of root server
operations
o Root servers highly technical and require specialized skills, relatively rare, so some
countries will contribute more – model such as Intelsat and Inmarsat are models
o Proposes new intergovernmental body called INROOTS made up of governments
and private sector entities, two tiered structure, tech and operational, with
governments in a supervisory function, voting weighted by contributions, civil
society input through governments
o INROOTs would certify specific bodies to request changes to entries in the
authoritative root zone file, only accepted from specific TWOs
o Issues related to gTLD policy should be separated from ccTLD policies –
recognizing that the USG has responsibility for .gov, .edu .com .mil .net and .org
o The gTLD .int is reserved for international treaty organizations – appropriate that
the ITU should oversee
o The RIRs currently perform IP address allocation, perceived regional imbalance of
IPv4 address allocation. In future, the RIRs should recognized as having oversight
of allocation of addresses within their regions
- and relations to existing intergovernmental organizations
o What is controversial are suggestions that there should be greater involvement of
intergovernmental organizations.
o ITU could be asked to form an MOU with ICANN – and MOU could foresee that the
GAC would become a group within ITU
Submission 9 – People’s Republic of China
- Common challenges in information security should be dealt with through international
cooperation, an international code was put forward by China, Russia, Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan
- Provided text of the draft code
Submission 10 – Paradigm Initiative Nigeria
- Same rights offline as online
- Citizens should be free from fear of surveillance, monitoring, interception or violation of
privacy, any interference for security must be clearly defined in law
- Clarity is needed when private data of individuals is stored by intermediaries and can be
accessed. Requests for data should follow legally stipulated procedures, and court
warrants required, and reported to concerned individual. Each private entity in Nigeria
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holding data on individuals should release periodic report, with policies readily accessible
to the public
It is the right of citizens to access the internet, and it should be illegal for governments to
deny or censor access without acceptable reasons, individuals have the right to create
content that is not subject to censorship
Freedom of expression also applies to internet activities, and include Tweets, likes and
favorites and shares and should enjoy protected status of human rights
Submission 11 – Global Knowledge Partnerships Foundation
- IG struggling with private commons versus private ownership, sovereignty versus
geography of cyberspace and new forms of sovereignty and governance
- Cyberspace requires new understandings of sovereignty – fundamentally different from
traditional understandings regarding territoriality.
- Legitimacy, development and sustainability of sovereignty is cyberspace is dependent on
o Availability of instruments for internal and external awareness building,
knowledge exchange and processing – knowledge currently held by a self selected
elite
o Establishment of a new understanding of multistakeholderism based on intersovereignty collaboration – is has problems and frustration but has produced
successes. It is under strain, complexity
o Real problem is based in the sovereignty inherit in decision making processes and
that inherit in processes of implementation
- Only way to overcome is to develop new understanding of multistakeholderism with new
understanding of roles, interdependency of those roles and instruments of joint
implementation
- Multistakeholderism today needs tangible practical forms of working.
Submission 12 – UK government
- Recognizes preexisting principles, HRC, OECD, CoE, G8, European Commission, CGI.br
- Global consensus on high level principles will act as a valuable guide on how to approach
discussions – principles should not easily go out of date and must enjoy genuine
consensus – smaller number high level more useful than detailed longer lists.
- Brazilian principles have attracted widespread support, may be helpful to take them as a
starting point
- Unequivocal support for multistakeholder model – needs to adapt – risk that setting roles
of various stakeholders in stone will introduce an inflexible structure
- IGF has played an important role – needs to be more navigable and lead to clearer outputs
– needs strengthened secretariat.
- Decision making in IG lose sight of need to support stakeholders without resources
- In Europe, liberalization has brought about transformation in telco services – need to help
developing countries open up their markets to reduce cost of connectivity by adopting
proportionate licensing and regulatory regimes to encourage companies to invest.
- UK does not believe a single international organization should oversee the internet, risk
that centralizing and compartmental approach would disconnect existing international
orgs and exclude some stakeholders
- There are not internet issues, internet is so fundamental, there are simply issues
- Compelling localization of the internet would risk undermining economic and social
benefits of internet. Internet started in the US and traffic routed through there, but as
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users increase, architecture has adapted. Significant internal routing within and between
different regions, traffic routed through the US is falling.
ICANN already taking steps to globalize – ICANN needs to remain primarily technical
Likely will be a time when the DNS and IANA function is fully globalized – but the Internet
works under current arrangements, it has proven robust. It needs to be demonstrated
that any change will work as effectively. Change proposals need scrutiny and consensus.
Sao Paolo will identify serious questions that any new proposal would need to answer.
And the meeting can identify which multistakeholder process could begin to address these
issues.
Submission 13 – Non Commercial stakeholders Group – ICANN
- The WSIS definition and division of stakeholders has proven ambiguous, unworkable and
undesirable. Implementing policy requires direct interaction with tech and operational
matters and making policy often requires deep knowledge of tech constraints. The
knowledge can come only from the direct participation of private sector and technical
community as equals
- Public policy is transnational, not national – so states are partial and imperfect
representatives of the global public
- WSIS only says civil society is important, not really what its role is – they are not just local
community they are transnational and advocate for human rights and international
principles
- In IG the quest for sovereignty is futile – effective policies need to be global or
transnational
Submission 14 – University of Gezira, Sudan – 9 principles
- Freedom of expression
- Respect for human values and ethnic diversity
- Opportunities for training and education, non discrimination on basis of race or gender
- Do not block the internet
- Governments must not restrict creativity of citizens or violate basic privacy
- All states to establish laws to protect children from dangers of the internet and human
trafficking
- Freedom of electronic press should be protected
- Do not involve politics in the work of organization and management of the internet
- Make the internet for all, a safe place and open
Submission 15 – Richard Hill
- Offline rights should apply online, including the right to take part in public affairs
- Argues against NGOs and private sector participating on an equal footing with
governments – non government entities might not be democratic.
- Private companies are not democratic entities – NGOs are typically membership
organizations
- Policy authority for Internet-related public policy issues is the sovereign right of states
Submission 16 – Zimbabwe Human Rights Forum
- the African charter on Human Rights does not protect the right to privacy, online or offline
- The African Convention of Cybercrime has stalled due to lack of consensus and will not
solve problems as it is flawed and did not consult stakeholders
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South Africa’s Constitutional Court and Human Rights Commission is advancing best
practice in privacy online
NetMundial offers and opportunity to ensure that African regulatory framework that is
currently shambolic benefits from international best practice and comparative
experiences from around the word.
Submission 17 – Beta Advanced Projects
- The US treasury blocks sites of countries in Cuba, Iran and Sudan – Google, Adobe and
other companies have blocked access to services
- This violates principles of net neutrality, filtering or traffic privileges must meet ethical
and technical criteria and exclude political commercial or other factors.
Submission 18 – Government of Sweden
- We must safeguard free and open internet and multistakeholder model
- Same rights offline as online – freedom of expression a cornerstone
- Government surveillance must be carried out with respect for human rights at all times
and in line with fundamental principles of legality, legitimate aim, necessity,
proportionality, judicial authority, and transparency and public oversight.
- States have rights and responsibilities, in their exercise of sovereign rights; states should
refrain from action to harm persons or entities outside their territorial jurisdiction. Any
national decision must comply with international law.
Submission 19 – Non-Commercial Stakeholders- ICANN
- blueprint for globalizing IANA function
o keep IANA clerical – separate from policy
o Don’t internationalize political oversight – end it
o Align incentives to ensure accuracy and security or root zone maintenance
o Delink globalization of IANA from broader ICANN policy proposals
- Separate IANA functions from ICANN policy processes
- Integrate DNS related IANA functions with the Root Zone Maintainer functions performed
by VeriSign and put into a new independent DNS authority
- Create a non profit controlled by a consortium of TLD registries and root server operators
to run the DNSA
- Complete the transition by September 2015 when the IANA contract expires
Submission 20 – Alvarez and Marsal - Information Security Agent for Brazil – Information
security Forum
- need to understand threats – Threat Horizon report = biggest risks unknown threats
- Known threats like hacktivism and malicious software enduring threats, matured
- Reputation is a new target for cyber attacks, insider activists who leak information and
hacktivists collective who vote on who they dislike this week
- Criminals value information, motivated to obtain it and to use what leaks
- Role of governments must not be misunderstood – they have a key role to play but they
won’t lead.
Submission 21 – St. Thomas University & University of Lodz
- IG must gain legitimacy by safeguarding human rights, states have an international law
obligation to engage in multilateral cooperation to achieve results
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Therefore support fundamental principles delineated by US government that existing
multistakeholder institution deserve credit
Submission 22 – Ian Potter – Individual
- IANA established before most internet governance institutions existed
- IANA no longer needs a separate identity and would be more productively merged with
functions under ICANN
Submission 23 – Internet Governance Coalition – 7 principles
- represents leading internet and telco companies including Amazon, AT&T, Cisco, Comcast,
Google, Junipur, Microsoft, Telefonica, Walt Disney, Time warner, 21st Century Fox,
Verizon
- Multistakeholder has resulted in historic economic, social and political development
- Tunis Agenda affirmed multistakeholder, transparent and democratic governance
- Principles
o Safe, secure, open, interoperable and sustainable internet
o Politics must stimulate sustainable investment
o Support international markets allowing seamless flow of services, app, products
and information
o Policies must foster innovation across networks, services and ensure IP protection
o Must support increased transparency and openness in intergovernmental
organizations and multistakeholder mechanisms
o Must support capacity building and implementation
o Must support rule of law which governments have primary responsibility for
advancing.
Submission 24 – Best Bits – Human Rights principle
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Imperative of human rights based approach for framing IG policy decision making and
providing principles for processes and participation mechanisms
APC Internet Rights Charter and the IRP Charter recognize these principles, as does CoE
2011 Declaration, CGI.br principles and the G8 Declaration of 2011
Openness, transparency, inclusivity, accountability and equitable multistakeholder
participation should form basis of processes and participation principles that would frame
common understandings of how decision making discussions, deliberations and decision
making should occur
Submission 25 – Best Bits – governance
- there are multiple forums in IG but do not all adequately fulfill basic procedural criteria –
transparency, effectiveness, accountability and open participation – as a result,
development issues not adequately tackled and HR under threat.
- Need distributed, coordinated, systems of IG
- Issues not addressed in current system include universal and affordable access, protection
of freedom of expression, privacy, net neutrality, access to knowledge, culture and
linguistic diversity, cross border information flow and jurisdiction
- Institutional shortcomings include lack of multistakeholder forums to address public
policy issues – made instead on ad hoc or arbitrary basis by governments and the private
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sector, lack of clarity and coordination between existing forums, imbalance in power in
existing forums, digital development agenda has failed to deliver.
Guidelines are needed on underlying human rights values, preservation of global internet,
the role of different stakeholders varies according ot issue, venue, status of discussion
Decision making should be transparent and comprehensible, accountable, effective,
adaptable
Participation should be open, informed meaningful
Mistake to think that one body or one set of experts could be responsible for effective
policy making on all internet matters – rather, a distributed system enables issue
expertise, including civil society
Proposals
o A new coordinating function to seek, compile, review, research and analyze inputs
on progress and gaps in internet public policy – to recommend venues for further
policy
o Issue specific multistakeholder working groups, possibly within IGF framework
o Broad participation and role of reformed IGF. IGF has enriched discussion and
understanding, at a minimum the Working Group recommendations should be
implemented.
Submission 26 – Article 19 and Best Bits
- ICANN is not solely a tech organization, impossible to ignore broader public policy
dimensions of its work, i.e. IP and competition and tax policy
- Concerns raised about ICANN’s legitimacy –it’s lack of independence from the USG, the
lack of representation of developing countries, disproportionate influence of the GAC, lack
of accountability of the board
- To improve structure and accountability, reform is inevitable to fulfill its promise to be
truly global multistakeholder so guided by principles
o Multistakeholder not multilateral
o Human rights
o Transparency and accountability
o Inclusiveness and diversity
- ICANN’s legal status should be affirmed as nongovernmental – oppose turning ICANN into
intergovernmental organization
- ICANNs mandate should be clarified and narrowed, by
o Introducing a provision in the bylaws prohibiting organizations from engaging in
content regulation or conduct that violates human rights of expression or privacy
o Bylaws that a right of private parties to initiate legal action on these grounds
o Resolution of trademark and other IP disputes should take into account HR
covenants
o ICANN should remain non-profit and public – California law would appear suitable.
But may be desirable for ICANN to delegate some functions to subsidiary bodies
located elsewhere
- Advantages to ICANN not moving HQ outside of USA
o Ensures stability of current contractual arrangements with registries and
registrars
o No need to negotiate with USG
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o Would no prevent ICANN from expanding reach beyond the US, various hubs and
engagement offices have started this – subsidiaries in Switzerland or Belgium could
be suitable to pursue international expansion.
Denationalize the IANA contract - solutions should meet criteria- protection of root zone
from political or other interference (so avoid multilateralism) , integrity, stability,
continuity, security of admin of root zone, trust by internet users in admin of function,
single unified root zone, accountability mechanism
Improved representation of developing countries within ICANN and GAC – funds for this –
and all ICANN documents should be in the 6 UN languages
Making the GAC more inclusive, transparent and accountable
o More open to stakeholders to observe and participate
o Working methods more transparent
o No reason for GAC to be given more weight than others – amend ICANN’s bylaws to
make it equal
o Any additional powers to GAC should be firmly resisted
o Consideration should be given to mainstreaming government participation
Accountability of the Board
o Decision making should be transparent, including reasons for decisions
o Independent Review Board Actions should be strengthened
o Should be possibility to call for board dissolution in exceptional circs
o ICANN’s status as a private organization should re retained.
Submission 27 – Just Net Coalition
Submission 28 – University of Gezeira
- discusses cybercrime and dangers posed to children, which multistakeholder forums
should take into consideration and include victims of
- Multistakeholderism deserves credit for success of internet.
Submission 29 – ISOC Costa Rica
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Strong asymmetries exist in the standards of accountability and transparency of policy,
and of operational and technical bodies closer to user access at regional and national level.
RIR, IXPs, ccTLDs and gTLDs are seldom subject to the same level of accountability and
transparency as other, higher-level entities.
Policy makers have less influence and less understanding of business procedures, which
are most familiar to private sector access providers.
This situation can lead to stronger friction at the regional and local levels, and, if
uncoordinated, may negatively impact the path to globalization of Internet Governance
(IG).
New global Internet governance architectures should guarantee the same accountability
and transparency standards to entities that operate either at the regional or at local levels.
Moreover, to help avoid asymmetries in access and governance at local level in smaller
economies, a proactive stance should be taken to promote and guarantee true bottom-up,
multi-stakeholder participation in all relevant issues.
Submission 30 – ISOC Yemen
- Same as proposal 4
Submission 31 – IGF
- IGF has proven its relevance, with regional and several dozen national IGFs
Submission 32 – Avri Doria- Independent researcher
- Disagreement on whether multistakeholder model is democratic – often complaint
includes bypassing democratically elected representatives of governments
- Governments say, “we do not know what multistakeholder means, but we all know what
democracy means”, but democracy is many different things.
- Multilateral expressions of democracy – one vote one person – more an ideal than a
reality, and is inadequate for handling the needs of the internet – issues too complex for
any one group, including a global multilateral group, to handle
- Need to develop improved forms of participatory democracy – underdeveloped and
flawed at times.
Submission 33 - Michael Gerstein
- Equal distribution of internet benefits to address social, economic, cultural and political
injustice
- Provides document prepared by Community Informatics developed in 2013
- Internet more than a technology or market place, social environment
- Community informatics approach supports equal distribution of benefits
- Aspire to Internet owned and controlled by communities that use it.
Submission 34 – Identidad Robada
- propose website to report cybercrime and provide educational materials
Submission 35 – China Institute of Contemporary International relations
- If we ask what kind of cyberspace or information society we want, what are the major
threats and challenges and what kind of IG philosophy and mechanisms can deal
effectively, we can conclude the basic principles of IG
Principle of harmony and safety, of development, Justice, Efficiency, Dymanics elaborated
Submission 36 – Action de Sensibilisation sure les NTIC
- 2nd Forum on Internet governance in Central Africa was held in August 2013
- Recommendations arising focused on
o Need to involve media to contribute awareness on the issues of ICT
o Need for governments to host servers nationally locally
o Need to generate dynamic in central Africa to bring governments, the private
sector and CSO to solve the problems of the ICT sector
o Advocacy for the rights to be recognized as part of the UDHR
o Advocacy for the use of Internet and ICTs to fight against violence against women
and girls
o Advocacy for the establishment of exchange points, national and regional and
encourage governments to get involved in the process
o Promote development of local content to enjoy autonomy of cultural heritage
- role of US government leads to ICANN not being fully representative or transparency
- 2 options for ICANN’s future – an intergovernmental body or independent private sector
status with multistakeholder input, prefers latter
Submission 37 – Federal Uni of Ceara
- education practices on the webs and the standardization of curricula issues discussed
Submission 38 – Jeremy Malcolm
- Addition to best bits, notes of caution and solutions to the fact that certain policy issues
cannot be addressed within current internet governance ecosystem due to institutional
deficits
- New coordinating mechanism and more new multistakeholder working groups are
needed – to develop soft law but could make recommendations to GA or treaty bodies
- Best bits submission does not acknowledge two things
o Substantial disagreement between and within stakeholder groups over whether
governments should have preeminent role over public policy or all stakeholder
groups should be equal. No likelihood that NetMundial will solve this
o GAC is an unsuccessful attempt at compromise – it goes governments rights no
other stakeholder group has but its recommendations are purley advisory
o SOLUTION 1 – Governments do not and never have claimed a primary role on some
issues – tech issues. Each issue gives different stakeholders different roles. Money
laundering = governments, on spam filtering = governments should take a back
seat.
o SOLUTION 2 – consociational structure – each group has a veto right
o SOLUTION 3 – broader role of IGF – the most accessible, central policy forum –
should be tasked with developing recommendations for other institutions. Would
continue to have a broad mandate
Submission 39 – AFICTA – Africa ICT Alliance
- Principles – do no harm, openness, accountability, awareness and knowledge sharing,
freedom to use the internet
- Constructive and continuous engagement already happening, we need equal participation,
empowerment of stakeholders from developing and LCDs, recognize multistakeholder
institutions need to remain at heart, governments should commit to a single interoperable
internet, and to collaborate with the private sector towards prevention of crime, to
improve addressing of threats
Submission 40 – University of Gezira, Sudan
- US embargoes that block sites from Sudan, Iran, North Korea and Cuba which violates
principles of internet governance.
- As ICANN is a US entity, this impacts the potential of this organization to operate fairly
Submission 41 – Louis Pouzon
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US government remains fully determined to retain unilateral control over the internet
through ICANN – cyber colonization
Countries and citizens cannot afford to remain sitting ducks and to stand up to the hyper
power can
o Apply national / regional law on personal data privacy
o Apply national/ regional fiscal laws on tax evasion
o Impose penalties on abuse market dominance
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o Exclude illegitimate monopolies from major contracts
o Better balance investment/revenues between operators, content providers, ISPs
and media
o Protect national plants from illegitimate patents
o Create national / regional domain registries independent from ICANN
o Open competition between multiple DNS roots
o Use open source software
o Promote user friendly end to end email encryption
o Keep object identifier registries and standards under trade control
o Boost research and development on the future internet (RINA)
o
First level of defence is making spying and predatory behavior more costly
Second level is to carve out areas of independence to gain bargaining power
Objective should be to make countries more resistant and better prepared for aggressive
intrusions
Submission 42 - Internet NZ
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Supports IGP paper
Internet NZ is an at large structure within ICANN responsible for .nz top level domain
long argued for structural separation between IANA and ICANN as separation of IANA
registry function from ICANN’s broader policy making function best interests of TLD
managers – both registry and policy functions should not have the priorities of one
limiting the other.
Don’t internationalize political oversight – end it. The real issue is political oversight of
policymaking, not the technical body that implements that policy.
Permanent transfer of the IANA contract (which expires 30 September 2015) to the DNSA
returns IANA to purely technical function over which no state has oversight.
Internet NZ would not support allocation IANA functions to another politically controlled
body of any sort. Want separation of multistakeholder policy making from technical
focused and robust operational entities.
TLD community has exemplary track record of collaborating on technical matters for the
public good.
Submission 43 – Hivos – 9 principles
- Multistakeholder model with wide balanced and global representation – more resources
needed to engage wider stakeholders from developing countries
- Internet public policies implementation main responsibility of governments, bottom up
community driven approach in designing the policies best serves the public interest
- Human rights responsibility of every internet stakeholder
- Users rights online are central and should be improved by materialization of those rights
offline. Legislation that hinders human rights should be reviewed and guarantee that
rights online are identical to offline
- Open inclusive neutral and unrestricted access – data protection, privacy, security and
freedom of expression are basic to development of the internet
- Rule of law, equal unhindered affordable access and multilingualism basic requirements
- General security and protection of users and rights are global multistakeholder
responsibility lead by governments; day-to-day tech management of the Internet is the
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responsibility of the private and technical community. None of these should undermine
net neutrality, transparency and inclusiveness of all stakeholders.
State sovereignty stipulated by international treaties and users privacy should be
respected and protected from external surveillance operations
Internet is a global public good, critical Internet resources, including root severs, names
and numbers need to be managed globally.
Submission 44 – Tech UK
- Governance principles need to be fully supported by all stakeholders with a proper
consensus – higher principles better than a long list of detailed statements.
- Fully supports continuing use of multistakeholder model, realizing that it will continue to
evolve to remain fit for purpose.
- Incumbent on developed nations to support rural and remote communities to benefit
- In Europe market liberalization has brought enormous benefits which we would like to
see replicated around the world
- See no need for the creation of a single international organization, problems are perfectly
well taken care of in existing orgs such as the WTO and others
- Vital that a single internet is retained as fragmentation and localism would seriously
undermine economic and social benefits we draw today
- Network architecture is changing with far less traffic being routed through the US than
hitherto the case. This is not a bad thing and improves traffic management as local hubs
appear
- ICANN should remain a technical organization and should not stray into politics and policy
- Multistakeholder model is vital to the future wellbeing and changes should be resisted
unless everyone can see major benefits in them.
Submission 45 – Russian Parliament
- Snowden has demonstrated a complete lack of security and control
- Necessity to protect the rights of citizens causes the actions of states to establish legal
framework for relations arising while using the Internet – but attempts to create
legislation can lead to negative consequences as internet is cross border.
- So need all states to develop a unified international legally binding legislation
- Violations of human rights on the web are global, from states and TNCs, criminals and
individual – states and stakeholders need to find frameworks for the protection of rights
in those areas in which the states have the exclusive authority and responsibility.
- The future of the internet is foggy - constantly developing, new technologies and
stakeholders appear, the influence of some stakeholders increases and decreases
- Need to define a unified definition of internet governance – applying the multistakeholder
approach, it is necessary to determine the degree of responsibility of each – currently not
done – leading to different groups claiming they have the right to decide the future of the
internet
- IGF perfectly suited for discussion and consensus than meeting behind closed doors of
elite groups.
- Critical infrastructure, particularly DNS is stable, but control of one government for the
root zone governance of IANA worries the international community. In future alternative
scenarios of the DNS implementation are possible.
- Lack of transparency undermines the credibility of the entire control system of the critical
infrastructure.
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IANA functions quite effectively – next step, a working group to develop proposals for
formulation of an international body for oversight and audit – such a body should have
tech competencies.
Internet is trans boundary, but nation states have fixed and clear boundaries for spreading
laws and rules. Each country problems security, IP and domains differently, but these
issues can be determined on an international level through treaties but more often it
doesn’t. This process should be activated; it is necessary to define what should be
regulated at the international level.
Right to information must be protected, including against unauthorized surveillance,
special responsibility on states as a guarantor of the rights of both the national and
international.
Submission 46 – Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority
- Many principles for IG have already been developed within different orgs – Council of
Europe, OECD, CGI.br which can guide development of global principles
- Global principles should take universal principles that will apply regardless, and should be
applied regardless of tech, social and cultural developments that lie ahead – and must be
supported by all stakeholders
- Principles should promote open free global robust secure and resilient internet, and
respect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, comply with international law,
including right to privacy
- Sustaining flexibility inherent in multistakeholder model, ensuring all relevant
stakeholders can participate and contribute
- Enhancing democratic values, accountability, non-discrimination, transparency,
representation and openness and respecting public interests for the benefit of all users.
- Many different organizations in ecosystem, one important arena is IGF, regional initiatives
are also useful
- Multistakeholder model and continue to be developed, more accountability, respect and
sensitivity for the different public policies in multistakeholder organizations. Greater
transparency and participation should be introduced
- Recommendations from CSTWG on improving IGF should strengthen it
- The recommendations in the report from Affirmation of Commitment review team should
be addressed to improve accountability and transparency of ICANN
- Globalization of ICANN and IANA function has been called for and steps already taken.
Norway supports this process while acknowledging that due consideration must be given
to stability of DNS
- ICANNs GAC provides an important channel.
- ICANN’s role is technical not political and should remain that way – ICANN should not be
used as a forum for political debate, and the IANA function should not be politicized
Submission 47 – Government of India
- Internet is a shared resource and global commons
- Can provide means for sustainable and inclusive development, provides a voice for the
voiceless like never before, potential can be realized only by providing universal access
and affordable devices.
- Internet today – Equinet tomorrow
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Infrastructure of the internet is not protected by any international regime, so important to
shape a globally acceptable legal regime to maintain openness, security and international
trust
Management of internet is both technical and public policy and should involve all
stakeholders and relevant intergovernmental and international organizations – policy
authority is the sovereign right of states
Governance should be multilateral, transparent, democratic and representative, with
participation of governments, private sector, and civil society, international organizations
in their respective roles.
Structures of core internet resources need to be internationalized, made representative
and democratic – owned by the global community and rendered impervious to
manipulation of misuse by any one stakeholder –state or non state
WSIS + 10 opportunity to build confidence, rectify gaps in Tunis agenda and establish a
mechanism to devise a roadmap
Recognizing Tunis Agenda endorsed by GA and created IGF, the IGF should continue
All governments should have an equal role and responsibility in ensuring stability,
security and continuity of the Internet, applying norms deriving from international law
and reducing risks to international peace and security.
Voluntary confidence building measure can promote trust, states need to consider ways of
cooperating in implementing acceptable norms and principles including the role played by
the private sector and civil society
Given pace of change, states need to enhance common understanding and intensify
cooperation through the UN and bilateral, regional and multilateral organizations
Govs, business, organization and individual have responsibility for taking steps to enhance
the security of information technology
Criminal misuse of ICTs in cyberspace should be coordinated by all concerned states,
states should intensify cooperation, harmonization of legal approaches and coop between
law enforcement agencies
Global nature of cybercrime requires new international and international legal and other
responses
New cyber jurisprudence needs to deal with cybercrime
All stakeholders need to transfer IT and capacity building to developing countries to
bridge the divide
Same rights offline must be protected online, in particular freedom from expression
All stakeholders must commit to work multi lingualisation of the internet and locally
relevant information
Submission 48 – Telecom Italia Group
- Internet more important every day thanks to massive investment in infrastructure made
by telcos
- Huge growth of internet as a consequence of unregulated nature of the technology
- Multilingual diversification is occurring with gTLDs in Arabic, Cyrillic and Chinese
- Overarching framework of universal shared values is needed, OECD and CGI.br are good
examples
- Principles should promote safe, secure, open, reliable and interoperable, strengthening
privacy at the global level, stimulate sustainable investment, increase transparency,
openness and inclusiveness
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One of the goals of Sao Paolo is recognition that principles should be shared and
considered common by all stakeholders
We have seen an increase in the number and diversity of end users, of applications, variety
of technologies and the emergence of more complex business relationships, all of which
have placed increasing pressure on the internet leading to changes in the optimal level of
standardization, a shift to wards more formal governance to manage the increase and
heterogeneity of users, the migration of functions into the core of the network, and
growing complexity of internet pricing
Diffusion of cross layers architecture for the mobile internet shows that when circs have
changed, the network architecture needs to change
Protocol layers always at heart of internet and coherence with the layered stack has
always characterized Internet architecture – it has been suggested that lower layers of the
Internet should be subjected to regulation while upper layers should be exempted from it
- so last mile regulated but not the backbone
Market power is also possible in the upper layers as anti-trust cases against Microsoft and
Google has demonstrated.
Multistakeholder model important for success of Internet, but the model worked
efficiently in ad hock technical organizations, a completely different effort is needed in
global policy making. Multistakeholderism doesn’t guarantee by itself effective
participation of all stakeholders – participatory evangelism allows people get involved but
not really count in decision-making. Making views heard and count is different. Risk of
capture by Internet evangelists, representatives from developed countries, of the GAC
within ICANN or the private sector.
The more active role of government is a recent trend and here to stay
Powerful role by multiple stakeholders is demonstrated by campaign launched by internet
companies and civil society against SOPA and PIPA – this also shows that would be
difficult for a single government to address the broad range of concerns with today’s
internet
TI envisages evolution of current multistakeholder models words a model with variable
geometry =who takes the lead in different issues i.e. standards (private sector_ issues
relevant to particular communities (civil society), human rights (governments)
This would be an evolution from current institutions, where a distinction between
concepts of shared and equal responsibility should be made.
Submission 49 – US Brazil Business Council
- Multistakeholder model a success
- Duplicated US Department of Commerce submission
Submission 50 – GSM Association
- Represents mobile operators worldwide, nearly 800 operators with 250 companies in
broader ecosystem, who have invested over 1 trillion USD over last 6 years in building
mobile Internet infrastructure
- Currently 6.97 billion mobile connections and 3.4 billion subscribers
- Internet policy should encourage mobile operators to continue to invest, light tough
regulatory environment has enabled it to innovate in access through private sector
investment and the roll out of infrastructure worldwide.
- Governments must not introduce global regulations or prescriptive recommendations
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Proposals on internet governance should have consensus of broad multistakeholder
community including mobile industry
Decentralized development of governance supports commercial flexibility, choice and
competition – best suited to dynamic internet
Internet access should remain market driven
Governance should remain multistakeholder, but recognize some issues like privacy and
security governments have an important role to play.
Support internationalization of the Internet including ICANN and IANA – all change
including naming and numbering must be stable
Internet governance must remain multistakeholder
Legitimacy and trust in governance model must be reinforced through inclusiveness and
geographical representation
An analysis of existing multistakeholder mechanisms should be carried out to streamline
and remove duplication, current structures like IGF, IETF and ICANN should be
strengthened to reflect changing nature and scope of IG
No governance body should be seen as competition, all processes have value
IGF (including regional IGFs) should be better funded and role and influence expanded.
Submission 51 – Telefonica
- The electronic communications industry has made unparalleled explosion of internet
connections and penetrations worldwide possible
- Today Internet users mainly from emerging economies accessing Internet on mobile,
which should also be reflected in how the Internet is governed.
- Crucial that Internet policy allows operators to provide services and encourage them to
invest in new networks and infrastructure. Competition and regularly policy that attracts
investments are needed, long term broadband and comms investments needs stable and
predictable regulatory regimes
- Today the level and intensity of regulation differs between various parts of the Internet
chain. Sustainability of the internet will depend on level playing field for all actors across
the internet value chain
- Many other principles documents – OECD, G8, European Commission – global principles
should serve as global reference point, guiding light for all stakeholders – a few principles
with broad consensus
- Growth of the internet is due to its model of governance
- Principles
o Promote internet which is economically sustainable, interconnected, secure and
able to build confidence of all users
o Protect human rights and fundamental principles like the rule of law same as
offline
o Commit to collaborative and inclusive internet governance where no single
stakeholder or group dominates, this includes governments in their recognized
role as representative of societies for the definition of public policy on national and
international level
o Acknowledge that current governance have proven stable and resilient and tech
community and private sector should retain their leading roles
o Ensure that Internet governance processes are improved and defined to be fully
transparent, inclusive and easily accessible and accountable for decisions.
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o Especially private actors and tech entities lead and ensure the day to day
management – top down multilateral agreements cannot be the most adequate for
governing the fast changing internet, however, we acknowledge that the internet is
has a key role in economic development of all nations.
o IG processes need to better involve public policy concerns and governments and
states need to evolve accordingly
The meeting should set out the areas where evolution of IG is deemed necessary and
where there is urgency for change, distinguishing carefully between different areas and
issues, as not all have the same impact on public policy, and not all need the same set of
stakeholders to define a solution
Protecting privacy and security of Internet users on the global level has a much higher
public policy and governments need to have a leading role – but even with online privacy
there are local and regional levels, and many nation states protect privacy already, but
there is no global agreement and protection.
Democratically elected governments are the reps of the people and therefore and
important sources of democratic legitimacy – they should ensure open inclusive
mechanisms exist for governance, respect human rights and make policy frameworks
competitive for digital markets with fair rules for all players, safeguards increased
investments and innovation
IGF important in bringing together stakeholders
ICANN and IANA need to be globalized – appropriate process and ways to achieve that
goal as soon as possible.
Submission 52 – Austrian Ministry for Transport Innovation and technology
- NetMundial should build on existing documents, from UNGA, HRC, OECD, Council of
Europe, CGI.Br and the Internet Right and Principles Coalition
- Recalls WSIS documents declaration of principles and human rights in the Vienna
Declaration and the UDHR, the Tunis Commitments, Human Rights Council resolution of 5
June 2012 on promotion and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet, the GA
resolution, Seoul Declaration of June 2008, OECD Principles of June 2011 and governance
strategy 2012-2015 of the Council of Europe
Submission 53- Argentina Internet Association – 10 principles
- Respect for freedom of individuals and human rights
- Cultural diversity and plurality of belief
- Democratic and cooperative governance and regulation – must be transparent and
multistakeholder
- Universality of access and digital inclusion
- Innovation – continuous development and advertising of new info services and
technologies
- Intermediaries (ISPs) are not responsible for the activities of network users
- Functionality, security and stability of the network preserved with international
standards, no one should have the ability to turn off the internet totally or partially
- Interconnection – within non discriminatory conditions must be promoted
- Interoperability – open standards that enable interoperability
- Juridical and standards based environments – free of blocks interruptions, censures,
interferences and surveillance.
Submission 54 – Korean Civil Society
- Firmly believe IG should be based on a genuine multistakeholder model and protection of
human rights
- Transparency of policy shaping process has sometimes not be ensured, and therefore
criticized. ACTA was developed in a completely non-transparent manner
- Various interpretations of multistakeholder models exists – not one model fits all but we
need a consensus on principles to develop policy based on this model
o Transparency on substance and process
o Inclusiveness – opportunity to participate equally, online and offline
o Accountability – implementation of policies should be evaluated regularly
o Balance – opinions should be given equal status, and a mechanism preventing
capture by a dominant stakeholder needs to be instituted
o Proactive – mitigate unequal power that exists among stakeholders
- Genuine multistakeholder model will need to update and revise the Tunis agenda para 34,
because there is no clear method of defining stakeholders and that different types of
issues will entail different stakeholders
- Roles of stakeholders defined in para 35 is not an adequate representation of actual
situations. Civil society participation is not limited to the local community level but also
on global issues. Civil society is defending, protecting, taking solidarity actions with,
converging and sometimes representing the interests of marginalized and disadvantaged
people who are end users and content generators. Civil society advocates for public
interests rather than private interests, even in areas dominated by privileged private
interests or big powers.
- Paragraph 35 says that public policy are the sovereign right of states, but internet
transnational and this should include other stakeholders, we do acknowledge the
important role of governments in setting national and global policies.
- APC Internet Rights Charter have detailed human rights provisions that need to be
protected, freedom of expression elaborated on, internet postings should never be taken
down or blocked without a proper decisions by a judiciary. The right to anonymity should
be protected
- Privacy – the revelations in 2013 of surveillance has greatly weakened the
trustworthiness of the Internet, it is necessary to establish a system that can prevent mass
surveillance, the GA resolution was a huge leap forward
- Net neutrality – must be preserved
- Access to Knowledge and Culture – publicly funded intellectual and cultural products
should be open for public use.
- We need to reevaluate the adverse effects of artificial monopoly rights given to intellectual
and cultural products and consider establishing ad new system creative intellectual
products
- Ecosystem must reflect genuine multistakeholder model
- IGF should be enhanced so it produces tangible outputs
Submission 55 – Google
- Our company’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally
accessible and useful – with no secure stable interoperable resilient and open internet, no
Google.
- Site McKinsey report – Internet accounts for 21% of GDP growth in 5 years in developed
counties and 30 surveyed developing countries.
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Internet at a crossroads – we must keep working together
Governance should be accountable to all stakeholders – who have contributed to the
development of the Internet to date and should continue to be involved
Google focuses on internet users first, the need for information that crosses borders and
the power of the web to empower global citizens
There is broad agreement on the high level principles, and is an ongoing process,
NetMundial should not measure its success or failure by agreement or lack thereof on a
new set of universal principles. There may never be a constitutional moment for the
Internet.
Existing institutions, each with different core functions and strengths, addresses nearly all
Internet policy and technical issues.
Two challenges – must make organizations that address internet governance questions
more inclusive and transparent, second we must tackle the challenge of connecting the
rest of the globe
Google pursues initiatives to improve existing governance organizations – IGF is the
premier forum, the only forum that brings all stakeholders together, it is in desperate
need of consistent funding,
There has never been a single road for IG, there are multiple organization and actors, of
course governments are heavily involved in regulating the Internet addressing privacy,
fair use, libel, competition and other matters.
No lack of forums, rather, overlapping missions is confusing, difficult to navigate, these
concerns are valid but that do not counsel to direct all Internet policy to one body.
Existing structures should be used, but need to develop a roadmap based on the layered
model of the internet itself
o the tech layer deals with infrastructure, standards, routing protocols –
o The next layer is about content and social layers
o Conceptualizing the layers of the internet help decide which institutions and
stakeholder groups should be involved with which policy issues
Submission 56 – ETNO – European Telecommunications Network Operators
- represents 40 largest e-communication operators
- Supports development of global principles – commonly shared and agreed by all
- Build on work already carried out
o Model should involve all stakeholders equally
o Transparency, inclusive accessible and accountable
o Internet should be Economically sustainable, interconnected, safe, resilient and
secure
o Respect for human rights such as privacy and security of paramount importance –
online rights apply as offline rights
o Democratically elected governments have pubic policy role, and private sector
should lead in technical protocols
o US government oversight of IANA has been suitable to date, increasing
globalization is needed. ETNO welcomed Montevideo statement which is an
important topic for Brazil.
o No new barriers to growth.
Submission 57 – UNESCO
- draft paper outlines comprehensive study
Submission 58 – Bulgarian Government
- Supports European Commission effort to formulate common position
- Internet one single unfragmented space, all resources accessible in same manner
irrespective of users location
- Genuine Multistakeholder model
- Tech architecture should be able to deal with the unforeseen
- Confidence in internet is a prerequisite to its realizing its potential for economic growth
and innovation
- Freedom of expression and respect for human rights
Submission 59 – International Centre for Free and Open Source Software
- In order for the Internet to be preserved, it must ensure open standards based on free and
open source software that is owned developed and maintained by communities and
available as a choice for every standard and protocol used on the Internet.
- Hear that internet must be free, but little attention is paid to software and protocols,
which also help the internet ot be free.
- The need for open standards is necessary but not sufficient – every open standard must
have reference implemetnations that are FOSS based and FOSS should be given preference
over Proprietal systems
Submission 60 – Independent Researcher
- Any transfer of IANA should be preceded by a consultation
- In defining a road map for IANA – stability and security of internet highest priority,
bringing IANA under ICAN is advisable and overdue but not the ultimate goal, IANA
oversight should be multistakeholder no single shareholder group should have sole
oversight, no single country should have a preeminent role
- IANA should not have a policy role, oversight should focus on performance, adherence to
service level agreements and MOUs, reporting requirements should be negotiated.
- Limit IANA to four activities – global apex of number resources, global apex of DNS based
naming resources, management of Internet protocol parameters, maintenance of
internet’s time zone database.
- US should relinquish oversight to a new interium stewardship group
- IANA should become an International NGO with hosting arrangements with several
countries.
Submission 61 – UNESCO
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outlines concept for a comprehensive study led by UNESCO on Internet related issues – a
study that was mandated by 195 member states in November 2013 at the UNESCO
General Conference – resolution 52 of 37th General Conference after tabling of discussion
paper. After Feb 2013 review event of the WSIS, UNESCO has demonstrated it can do
studies such as this
It will cover access to information, freedom of expression, privacy, ethical dimensions and
future action.
Draft will be discussed Feb 2015
Submission 62 – Nominet – a ccTLD
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a key step in globalizing ICANN or IANA as the development of an accountable and trust in
the model
Principles should be use existing agreements
Should not seek to establish international IG principles where there is already a
framework for discussions
Principles should be at high level and should not try to solve national or regional issues
and should reflect global consensus.
Principles should not try to include things that would be more appropriately addressed
through guidelines, operational decisions, which are detailed and specific.
This may lead to limited number of high level but agreed principles, but if they are
genuinely agreed will provide a better framework than a more detailed list that is ignored.
Endorse multistakeholder engagement – a model that has underpinned rapid growth and
engagement.
Recognize need for roadmap for further evolution, and affirm Montevideo and
acceleration of globalization of ICANN and IANA functions
Notes ICANN’s affirmation of commitment with the USG – and the introduction of a
regular review process what a step forward towards increasing internationalization of the
organization, but the USG does have the final say if ICANN doesn’t maintain processes of
accountability
So a clear process to ensure ICANN does meet its obligations is needed – concerned if
ambiguity about the legal jurisdiction of the company, given the policy, operational and
contractual functions it exercises
Role of GAC and how it works with other parts of ICANN need to be addressed by the GAC
Role of IANA, carried out under US contract, is particular important as Nominet is a ccTLD
– our interest is the management of changes to the root zone file, an admin and tech
function, however vital and managed carefully.
We are pleased with development of current contractual arguments for IANA and
welcome increased transparency introduced in a recent US ICANN contract. We also
welcomed increased automation in operation of the process, allowing for autonomy in
management of TLD
Notes Tunis Agenda 63 says that countries should not be involved in decisions regarding
another’s TLD, which we interpret as meaning that only the country serviced should be
involved.
There is work underway to clarify delegation and revocation of ccTLDs which might be a
basis for the manager of IANA to be globally accountable
Believes roadmap should identify and develop consensus on objectives for the community
for each organization in the internet ecosystem, including the ITU and ICANN and RIRs
Multistakeholderism is the main process for decision making
IGF generally effective, but attention for increasing engagement needed and also
improving funding model
ICANN’s basic processes for assuring wider accountability already in place in Affirmation
of Commitments – widening ownership of it and engagement in it is important.
Massive number of contracted parties in ICANN so need better processes for reaching
consensus
For IANA, developing improved globalization of management of root zone file not trivial –
ccTLDs need to be closely engaged to ensure national and global accountability.
Submission 63 – AICHTE – Latin American telecom operators – 50 companies
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Recognize current channels of discussion established – IGF, GCIG,
Respect for universal human rights – same principles online as offline
Supports all actors on equal footing – current system has brought benefits
Any changes to governance model has to take into account principles of flexibility and
agility and representation of all stakeholders
Private sector should retain leading role
Supports globalization of ICANN and IANNA with clear road map but gradual and with all
stakeholders participating on an equal footing.
No need to create a new governing body, but IGF and IETF should be strengthened and
expanded
An analysis of multistakeholder model should be carried out with a view to streamlining
and eliminating duplication
Roadmap should clarify legitimate involvement of governments, and should be an equal
player particularly in public policy issues like cybersecurity and critical infrastructure
debates – the IGF should be the appropriate framework
Recognize that on privacy and security governments have an especially important role
and the GAC should be strengthened and clarified.
Civil society involvement is warranted in areas such as civil right sand consumer issues.
Telecom operators should be involved in any discussions on their core infrastructure
Submission 64 – Commonwealth Telecommunications Organization
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has developed a Commonwealth Cyber governance model – released October 2013 and
adopted on 4 March 2014 in London, on policy development, regulation and legislation,
cross border collaboration, capacity building, technical measures and other operational
activities.
Cyberspace the central nervous system, pace of change necessitates urgent consensus on
cybergovernance
What is unacceptable off line is also online
Multistakeholder model affirmed – nations, organisations and society work together to
foster respect for the law etcetc.
“sufficient neutrality”
More active civil society would benefit
Submission 65 – Internet Rights and Principles Coalition - 10 rights and principles
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Presents Charter of Human Rights and Principles for the Internet – released in early 2011,
one of the most successful examples of the multistakeholder model
It derives its relevance based on recognized human rights principles translated to the
online environment
It’s the most comprehensive document that exists to date on rights, but also on
responsibilities, thus helping both tracks at the conference.
As governments make law and uphold human rights, we put this charter forward as an
instrument and framework for the work ahead on refining existing human rights laws and
covenants for the online environment
Submission 66 – US Chamber of Commerce
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US chamber of commerce worlds largest business federation, 3 million businesses
1976 – establishment of the US – Brazil business council, representing 100 companies
operating in Brazil.
Internet is an equalizer for business of all sizes and allows consumers, educations and
health providers to access the best of technology and share information
All depends on a governance structure that is open, transparent – current
multistakeholder model has fulfilled needs while creating decentralized structure
5 principles
o Policies must remain bottom up, input from all
o Policies must be future proof and technology neutral
o Policies need to promote voluntary and industry led global system of standard
setting
o Policies should facilitate stability, security, interoperability and functionality
o Policies must support the seamless flow of digital services, apps, products and
information
Submission 67 – Spanish Internet Governance Forum – 10 principles
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Multistakeholder provides more benefits than those potentially gained through states
One single and non-fragmented network – open standards that allow interoperability
Sustainable internet- business models for all players
Freedom and Human Rights – analogue principles apply online
Cybersecurity necessary to reinforce security online, particularly to protect minors
Open governance – transparent accountable governance
Empowerment of users – users should be able to participate, exercise rights
Privacy – regulatory balance through harmonized regulation
Accessibility – universal access, independent of age, building or financial circs
More active role of Europe in Internet governance – convergence and fluent decisions
within EU that allow all stakeholders a more active role.
Submission 68 – JustNet Coalition
- The Internet is a global commons therefore all architecture must be designed and
safeguarded against concentration of power and control
- All people must be able to shape its evolution, enjoy right to freedom of expression and
use without mass surveillance
- The Internet only be used for peaceful purposes recognized in a binding instrument
- The Internet must be subject to fair taxation, be maintained as a public space, provide
services as public goods, enjoy net neutrality, strict enforcement of open and public
standards
- Architecture for cloud computing must not reduce user control and choices
- Community owned and not for profit infrastructure encouraged
- Protective discrimination and affirmative action should contribute to the right of access
and development of the internet
- Personal and social data must belong to individual and groups
- Governance should be grounded in the UN system, public policy lies with those who
legitimately and directly represent people
- Technical issues impact society
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Laws of one country should not control or constitute governance structure
Every country must have the right to connect to the Internet, no country should have the
right to disconnect another country
Rights of individual and states must be articulated and protected
Submission 69 – Spanish Government
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IG = Multistakeholderism supported, described as, “private sector led and bottom up.
Concedes that Multistakeholder framework should have active ingredients of true
accountability and transparency to be future proof
Several sets of principles already exist – but secure, open, free and unfragmented should
remain, in full respect of human rights
Inclusiveness of all regions, and sharing with those not acquainted with IG but affected
should be improved.
Rights in the analogue world apply online
While private sector initiatives should be maintained, the explosion of Internet and its
huge importance demands more involvement of governments in decision-making.
Governments should work together to provide users with affordable and swift ways to
assert their rights in the globalized marketplace.
Spain supports globalization of ICANN of DNS – major challenge is to lay down procedures
and timescale
Re IANA functions, agrees with European Commission to identify ways to globalize control
over IANA while safeguarding stability and security – any plan to globalize must be
preceded by legal and technical analysis
Strengthen ICANN’s GAC – states must intensify participation, enhance working methods
and decision making processes, provide additional support to the GAC secretariat to
promote agile working environment.
Submission 70 – Europisa – European Association of Internet Service Providers
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Represents more than 1800 companies
Global structure of internet must be preserved – structures should be improved not
replaced
Any approach aiming to find agreement or conclude a binding treaty will divide rather
than unit
We need a common understanding of internet governance, which should be narrowly
defined. A clear distinction needs to be established between governance issue because the
network and data that it carriers should be treated as entirely separate at the level of
policy
Technology can assist in implementing solutions but regulating technology is not a
solution to social or political challenges.
Submission 71 - World Press Freedom Committee
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Declaration of Vienna – November 2002 provided
Called on those deliberating on new forms of communication to
o reject proposals that restrict news content or media operations,
o support unqualified press freedom on the Internet,
o explicitly clarify that any statement is not intended to limit press freedom,
o support continuation of access and dissemination of news and information in
cyberspace without compromising the principle of net neutrality,
o recognise that existing protection of journalists offline apply online.
Submission 72 - Mercatus Centre at George Mason University
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Governments lack the consent to legitimately exercise a primary role in IG.
Role of governments the most controversial in multistakeholder model. Before the
Internet, questions of global importance addressed by governments. Internet governance
has occurred without the implementation of any clearly articulated role for governments.
The fact that governments no needed raises whether other stakeholders want
governments to represent them. Many are electing to represent themselves.
It is the sovereign right of people, delegated to state as they see fit.
Government’s role should be subordinate. Governments should facilitate participation of
domestic stakeholder communities. They do not have the right to advance positions that
contradict the consensus of other domestic stakeholders, because such exercises of
government power do not reflect consent and are therefore illegitimate.
If stakeholder communities want and are able to represent themselves, it follows that
intergovernmental bodies never the right fora – they participate because governments do
not represent their views.
In exercising their subordinate role, governments should be held to rigorous standaards of
transparency.
Submission 73 – African stakeholders
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Principles
o Internet inalienable public good that enables creativity, innovation and emergence
of new economic models
o Must retain open nature, open architecture tool for eco, social, cultural and sci
advancement
o Globally accepted laws and standards enable and protect human rights should
apply online
o Access a universal right, affordable, multilingual without censorship or restraint,
respecting linguistic and cultural diversity, intellectual property, freedom of
expression and privacy of personal data
o National regulation have a role to verity the quality and consistency of services to
end users
o Technical management should be inclusive and multistakeholder
o Critical internet resources must be governed by international law within
multistakeholder framework
o Secure internet is when rights and freedoms protected – governments must
continue to ensure security and protection of citizens under international law
o Neutrality, inclusion and access underlie all of these principles
Roadmap ideas draw from Tunis agenda
o Representation must be cross sectorial
o Include representatives from all geographic areas, particularly LDCs
o Strengthened IGF will improve quality and outcomes and increased influence on
policy
o Community must commit to clearly defining the role of government and other
stakeholders
o While operational and tech management is the responsibility of the private sector,
all stakeholders should have a say in how the internet evolves, develops and is
governed.
Submission 74 – Mercatus Centre at George Mason University
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Participants should support continued experimentation with peer-to-peer technologies
that could potentially decentralize resources in the future
DNS is centralized and hierarchal raising questions about fairness, accountability and
power
Peer-to-peer can potentially improve name resolution security, provide censorship
resistance and protect end user privacy online.
Existing peer-to-peer decentralized name systems use pseudo TLDs that do not yet exist
in the DNS (.onion, .bit, .gnu) to avoid unintended conflicts
NetMundial could express support, in principle, for the normalization of some peer-topeer TLDs
Submission 75 – Aspen Institute
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Attach 146 page document that elaborates principles under 3 headings, strengthen
internet infrastructure and promote free trade in the ICT ecosystem, free flow of
information principles, creating a trusted environment.
Maybe this quite sums up the report, “All elements of a digital economy and society should
be bought, sold, created, or experienced in a single seamless global market of goods,
services, and ideas over broadband infrastructures that operate in a dynamic commercial
environment.”
Submission 76 – Government of Denmark, Danish Business Authority
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Single, free, unfragmented internet, governed by genuine multistakeholder model
Principles should be drawn from already existing documents like OECD’s Principles for
Internet Policy Making
Submission 77 – Institute for communications research – 2 academics from Brazil and
Germany
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Use UNESCO’s 2012 definition of Internet governance
Request support for proposals made at Bali IGF and MAG
o With regard to surveillance and monitoring – must protect citizens rights better
o Finding common ground on cyber ethics that respect local cultures while
safeguarding against cyber threats
o Strengthen and maintain multistakeholder spirit and mechanisms
Internet use is a human rights, non-discriminatory, accessible to all, nutured in
multistakeholder
Submission 78 – European Commission - 7 Principles
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Noted many different principles emerging from the WSIS but agrees that now a coherent
set of principles will help find common ground and will be high level guidance to identify
the priorities, constraints and objectives of policy and operational activities.
The internet is a space of civil responsibilities, is one unfragmented resource governed via
multistakeholder approach to promote democracy and human rights based on a sound
technical architecture that engenders confidence and facilitates transparent governance.
Principles
o Internet is an ecosystem which every participant must take up social
responsibilities – common understanding both of corporate social responsibility
and appropriate self and co-regulation as a compliment to regulation, always an
option but negative impacts on innovation.
o Internet should remain one single unfragmented space, all resources accessible
irrespective of user location or provider, including efforts to diversify the
infrastructure to protect rights and address concerns raised by large-scale
surveillance and intelligence activities.
o Internet discussions should be based on a strengthened multistakeholder model –
this implies that the necessary intergovernmental discussions are anchored in a
multistakeholder context in the full understanding that the internet is built and
maintained by a variety of stakeholders, as well as governments.
o Same laws and norms apply online as offline. Some stages, quoting security
concerns, attempt to curb global connectivity of their citizens by censorship and
other restrictions, which is not acceptable. Blocking, slowing down or
discriminating on content, applications and services goes against the open Internet.
o The technical architecture of the Internet should evolve with new and often
unforeseen challenges. Technical considerations must take into account public
policy considerations.
o Confidence in the internet is a prerequisite for it to realize its potential. Large scale
surveillance has led to a serious threat to confidence and use. Urgent to address,
the role of the tech community is crucial, including ensuing confidence in IP based
communications and resilience of cryptosystems.
o Transparent inclusive balanced accountable governance – infrastructure and
activities on top – the fact that a process is claimed to be multistakeholder does not
guarantee that it is widely seen to be legitimate. Must fulfill requirements of
transparency, inclusiveness and balance, and accountability. Public authorities
derive their powers and legitimacy from democratic processes. This includes the
right to intervene with regulation where required.
Submission 79 – European Commission – governance ecosystem
- Broad view that multistakeholder ecosystem should continue to evolve as the working
definition of internet governance at WSIS agreed, which would continue to evolve as the
internet grows
- Welcomes the meeting as a catalyzer, a milestone, in finding shared understandings, hopes
community identifies risks, opportunities, work streams, relevant actors and mandates for
action, including in the UN WG, the WSIS + 10 and IGF, and ITU
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To further strengthen the multistakeholder model, operational guidelines should be
developed to guarantee
o Transparency, meaningful access to and information on processes – to prevent
proxy activity for silent stakeholders
o Inclusiveness and Balance – reasonable effort to include parties impacted and to
offer fair and affordable opportunities for all to contribute, while avoiding capture
of the process by dominant stakeholders and vested interests
o Accountability – clear public commitment to give regular account to stakeholders
or independent advisrory bodies, and allow parties to seek redress through dispute
resolution
o Appropriate leeway for organisatons to identify a way to decline the general
approach to their specific challenges and constraints
o Essential to come to a shared understanding and clear definition of the roles of
actors in the processes, including public authorizes, to fuifil their responsibilities
with human rights online.
o Dialogues instead of new bodies – often similar discusions take place across
different orgs with overlapping people and topics. Discussion fatigue results and
people can’t follow who can’t come.
o A cross cutting approach on themes rather than on the organization deemed the
right organization to host
o European Commission launching the tech development of the Global Internet
Policy Observatory (GIPO) as a global resource
The Internet works well without structural oversight by international intergovernmental
bodies. At the same time greater international balance within existing structures can
increase the legitimacy of current governance structures
 Globalise IANA functions while safeguarding stability of DNS
 Globalise ICANN, including its affirmation of commitments
Important to improve the quality and format of IGF – a strengthen IGF can become an
important driver of successful governance.
Tech discussion has significant public policy implication – effective tech multistakeholder
approach is about public policy too, so Tech specs need to more systematically take public
policy into account.
The Commission will convene a series of WS with experts on law, ethics, social science
economics, tech and IT to develop concrete actionable recommendations on new forms of
Internet-enabled norm setting
Cross border activities pose legal challenges – many activities on internet governed by
opaque complex contractual arrangements – gives rise to legal uncertainty. The
Commission is launching an in-depth review of the risks of conflicts of laws and
jurisdictions
Submission 80 – WC3 Brazil – 10 Principles
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Defines the web as a means to expose, reference and link. It also risks becoming a zone of
disputes, closed corporate proprietary services and a means to invade privacy
10 principles
o Web for all – its more than a tech environment, it’s a human environment, business
and opportunity to share knowledge – so open to everyone regardless of hardware,
software, culture, geographic location, socioeconomic status, education level
o Web in everything – not just desktops anymore, can access remotely and in motion
o Web organized by standards – standards give a universal environment –
standardized and publicly documented specs are critical for the freedom of
publishing content on the web
o Accessible web – persons with visual, hearing, mobility and mental impairments, or
any other disability can understand, navigate and interact online, prerequisites for
the web being universal and inclusive
o Reliable web – The web is an environment that has changed the nature of social
relations, and business transactions. Confidence in the web is related to freedom of
speech, research and navigation, new tech standards and models need to assure
privacy and safety
o Web with multiple authors and readers – it’s more than reading and research, it’s a
communications tool, allowing all toe share knowledge. It isn’t a one way
interaction it’s a meeting point, keep architecture open and adopt universal
standards will also guarantee the web’s diversity
o Web to serve democracy – not just a gigantic document collection, it enables
interaction between citizens, the community, government – it is a pillar of
democratic society
o Web for socioeconomic development – e commerce and e government best
practices fosters economic development, increases access to public health,
education and assistance services
o Web the preserves its memory – the web is an information repository – resources
must be dedicated to the preservation of the Brazilian web and its memory, all
aspects of its culture.
o Web of all – universality, diversity sustained through democratic governance,
pluralist model, participation of all sectors ensured.
Submission 81 – CGI.br – 4 recommendations
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Effectiveness in handling security threats depends on cooperation among different
stakeholders, cybersecurity can’t be delivered via a single organization or structure
Government needs to participate more in security forums – they should aim to leverage
and improve the multistakeholder structures already in place
Describes existing organizations dealing with threats, FIRST, CSIRTs, APWG, MAAWG,
ISOC
Describes 4 mechanisms existing at the national level in the Netherlands, Japan and two in
Brasil
Network Operator Groups and Regional Internet Registries should be more involved with
security issues
Software vendors need to become involved and more proactive – after all most of the
security problems are software-related – need to get the software industry to a more
mature level
Governments need to improve their awareness of the multistakeholder nature of the
internet and they need to participate more and improve cooperation
130 parties in the Netherlands were involved in drafting the Dutch national cyber security
strategy – a good example of recognition of the importance of a multistakeholder
approach to the Internet’s ecosystem’s security, stability and resilience.
Recommendations
o Experience has accumulated in successful initiatives described on cybersecurity –
can’t be achieved in a single org or structure
o Stakeholders that still need to become more involved – network operators and
software developers
o Governments need to improve awareness and cooperation to address security
threats and improve cooperation with other stakeholders
o There is room for new forums and initiatives, but they should not replace existing
structures. A new initiative should aim to leverage and improve existing
structures.
Submission 82 – ICC BASIC – International Chamber of Commerce’s initiative Business
Action to Support the Information Society (BASIS) – 5 principles
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5 principles, secure, open and interoperable network, cross border flow of data nad
information, improve access, support the rule of law, protect the application of rights,
continue multistakeholder model.
Underscores strength of existing mechanisms – the model has produced the success of the
Internet
Notes CSTD mapping exercise identified more than 40 international venues, organisations
and initiatives to address internet policy and tech issues
This meeting can review and build in existing work to a) identify issues that do not appear
to be addressed b) exchange information on solution mechanisms already available to
address these issues, c) consider whether new mechanisms are needed.
Risk of new mechanisms is that they draw resources and participation from already
existing, or duplicate – business seeks to avoid risks to stability, functionality and
interoperability,
The structure of the IANA contract must be considered cautiously to ensure no
incremental risk or instability, including root zone management must recognise and
respect existing agreements
Need clear understanding of what “globalization” should mean. Global stakeholders need
to be fully engaed in developing milestone and timelines for globalization
Business concerned at new barriers to growth of the internet as a global platform.
Submission 83 – JONCION – NGO from Senegal – 7 principles
- Emphasizes WSIS agreed text defining internet governance
- All stakeholders should affirm rights – States have the right and responsibility to define
Internet public policies
- Inclusive and participatory, but stakeholders should pledge to respect transparency and
their responsibility to adhere to principles
- Digital citizens must be able to exercise fundamental freedoms unhindered, except by
laws
- Internet universality
- Security principles – all actors can trust the integrity, security and confidentiality of
communications, which will not be hindered intercepted or spied on.
- Any restriction of use of the internet should be stipulated in law
- Cultural diversity – supporting local content creation and promotion
Submission 84 – OECD – 12 principles
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Emphasizes multistakeholderism
Offers the text of its 12 principles established in 2011with support of 34 countries that
comprise the OECD plus Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt and Lithuania as its input
Submission 85 – Verizon - 6 Principles
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Keep internet open, stable, secure, resilient, interoperable, all policies should allow for
free flow of information
Preserve multistakeholder model
Principles
o Promote pro competitive environment, reduce and eliminate unnecessary barriers
to trade
o Generally rely on consumer choices, competition and multistakeholder bodies to
guide the continued evolution and development of the internet
o Polices should be transparent, considered, predictable and technologically neutral
o Recognize cooperation in standard setting in international, voluntary and
consensus based environment
o Include all relevant stakeholders
o Support human rights, especially freedom of expression and the free flow of
information on the Internet.
Submission 86 – Swiss Government
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Cites many multilateral fora is part of and then, “Not only will Switzerland hold on to the
multistakeholder approach, but also invigorate it”
Four principles – Transparency, Accountability, Participate and Human Rights
Implementation of principles will only work if all stakeholders are included and
committed to implementing
Notes many other already existing principles to draw from Council of Europe principles
and the Charter of Internet Rights and principles and OECD principles
Notes the existence of IGF and values the “rough consensus” approach
Thinks more detailed discussion on point 35 of Tunis agenda that describes the various
roles is needed
Governments have particular role in fighting cybercrime and rule of law and protection of
rights, elsewhere – like management and allocation of infrastructure and resources, more
space for letting market forces rule. All stakeholders should be accountable not to
themselves but the general public.
Need to make distinction between issues where we need binding agreements and others
were a more flexible and non-binding common understanding serves the public interest.
Concedes that the complexity of Internet and its governance ecosystem has grown to
make it difficult to find their way and identify which aspects is dealt with by whom and
where and how these elements play together.
Depending on issues, different processes and decision making needed, roles of
stakeholders will differ, still possible to develop common features necessary for all
governance processes to make sure they produce an outcome in the public interest –
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inclusive, participatory bottom up, accountability and transparency, checks and balances,
rule of law and rights, decentralized system
Decisions by those in power can be challenged by those effects, minorities need to be
protected from abuse of power
Believe in competition of ideas and in economic competition – at the same time believe in
equality of access to opportunities.
Submission 87 – Telecommunications Industry Association - business wish list
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Applaud efforts of organisers to stay true to the principle of multistakeholder model
Acknowledges differences in opinion about what constitutes internet governance, advises
universal, high level, technology neutral principles that focus on the network that is the
internet, principles that everyone agrees on and against overly prescriptive principles
Practical actions to facilitate growth and access to overcome digital divide
o Join the WTO information Technology Agreement
o Reduce tariffs on fixed and mobile telco infrastructure equipment, cables and
mobile devices and services
o Remove local content requirements
o Streamline customs procedures of ICT equipment
o Strengthen intellectual property rights protection
o Adopt market based global voluntary standards rather than country specific
standards
6 principles –
o stability/security/interoperability,
o commit to multistakeholder approach and encourage openness and transparency
in tech and policy,
o minimize impediments to global flow of information and delivery of online
services, apps, software and other commercial uses,
o universal access,
o voluntary consensus based standards,
o policies that stimulate investment while avoiding policies that distort the market
and impede investment
Urge conference organizer and participants to refrain from attempts to create a specific
roadmap. But three themes
o Centrality of multistakeholder approach
o Evolution of governance is a continuing dialogue among broad stakeholders at
many fora
o Current governance model has led to exponential growth of Internet.
Submission 88 – Internet Society 4 principles
- “Internet’s successful multistakeholder model”
- Cites Boston Consulting Groups March 2012 report on how internet is supporting SMEs
- Cites ITU USG on internet in economy as a driver for
- Notes role of internet in change in Tunisia and Egypt
- 1. Expand broadband – governments should promote broadband networks
- 2. Any governance model must promote the free flow of information
- 3. Increase inclusiveness of all stakeholders at core of internet governance reforms
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4. Maintaining user trust - governments should recognize limitations on their ability to
collect information on Internet users that respect users privacy interests.
Submission 89 – Internet Governance Caucus 8 principles
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Emphasizing equitable regional representation and means to participate provided to LDCs
in all open, inclusive, transparent Internet governance processes.
Any change to the IANA functions and the role of the US government must involve all
regions.
Tech community should seek understanding of the societal implications of their decisions,
weighing technical capability against privacy and freedom of expression.
Human rights on and off line the same, no discrimination to access or on content,
Services must be neutral among service providers
Internet to benefit everyone, not just those enjoying richer economic development
Submission 90 – Mawaki Chango
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Inclusive, bottom up consensus, equal regional distribution, meaningful participation of
LDC
Tech design should be weighed against societal implications to minimize erosion of
freedoms
Any change in IANA and USG role should reflect inclusion of all regions, a truly global
cultural diversity in approaches to technical and policy problems.
Same human rights online as offline
No discrimination in access and content due to opinion, religions, race, gender, geography,
language or economic resources
Net neutrality among services providers without taking advantage of dominant or
privileged position
Internet must benefit all society, not just those enjoying rich economic development
Submission 91 – Placidus Ikechukwu
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Internet for all, especially LDCs where it’s role in development, promoting human rights,
public policy, peace and security cannot be overemphasized.
IGF the only forum within the UN to deal with public policies about internet governance a very broad mandate
Human rights of increasing interest and importance, perverse digital mediums give rise to
novel legal rights, obligations and scenarios
LDCs must also be protected online and not held to different standards
Citizens of LDCs should be able to participate in electronic communication free of fear of
surveillance, monitoring or interception or violation of privacy
Ask the Brazil meeting to formally challenge the Tunis agenda definition of stakeholder
roles by adopting an equal status principle
Numerous areas where the traditional role of the state is appropriate and necessary, such
as legislation, law enforcement in territorial jurisdictions, yet so much of the policy and
services are transnational, IG must change their traditional role and give all stakeholders
the same status in the formulation of policy, encouraging government participation from
LDCs
Submission 92 – MOFA Argentina – 14 Principles
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1-3 Full respect for human rights, freedom of expression, privacy and protection of
personal data, avoiding surveillance and collection of personal data in an arbitrary way
4 - Respect the rights of consumers and users, enhance consumer protection online,
5 - Internet governance on democratic and multistakeholder process with special
attention given to the role of governments and the need to increase their participation
Promote greater transparency
Promote an information society based on sharing, preserving stability of the internet
Promote the right to internet as a techno cultural tool to enhance personal and social
development
Fair and equitable access, special emphasis on vulnerable people, women girls, seniors
Respect cultural and language diversity, sharing content in the preferred language
Net neutrality avoiding filtering and traffic restrictions
Promote responsible use of the Internet, based on education and prevention of
vulnerabilities and attacks
Balanced geographical representation and gender balance in internet governance
Promote cooperation on dissemination of information about security and good practices
Submission 93 – Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
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Abuja Declaration of Proposed Commonwealth Cybergovernance model of 9 October 2013
Principles drafted during Commonwealth ICT Ministers Forum 3-4 March 2014 – designed
to guide Commonwealth members to plan, develop policy, regulate, collaborate across
borders, build capacity, technical measures
Cyberspace is our global central nervous system – pace of growth necessitates urgent
action in reaction consensus on governance
Open, decentralized, distributed, empowers individuals, fosters innovation, collaboration
and rapid development. But also a vehicle for crime, extremism.
Governments, industry and civil society have a shared responsibility to tackle threats
Recognizes the role of civil society in supporting goals and values of the Clth
Principles – based on what is unacceptable offline is unacceptable online
o Multistakeholder partnerships, a collective creation, collaborative, transparency,
with “sufficient neutrality”, standardization to achieve interoperability, enabling all
to participate with equal opportunity of universal access in an open, distributed
and interconnected internet, safe for users particularly the young and vulnerable,
available at an affordable price.
o Our actions in cyberspace support broader economic and social development,
enabling innovation, respecting cultural and linguistic diversity, promoting cross
border delivery of services, allowing free association across borders, supporting
digital literacy providing information, enabling multistakeholder partnerships,
o we act individually and collectively to tackle cybercrime
o We each exercise right and meet responsibilities in cyberspace – defending human
rights values, freedom of expression, privacy, access to knowledge, intellectual
property protection, responsibility and liability for information lies with those who
create it, protect the vulnerable, understand the consequences of our actions,
cooperate to make environment safe, our obligation is in direct proportion to
culpability and capability.
Submission 94 – MOFA Argentina – governance
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Strengthen the Internet ecosystem through increasing participation of all stakeholders
from all regions, including governments and taking gender balance into account
A new development in IG should strengthen existing structures based on multistakeholder
model – valuing all stakeholders in their roles
IG is more than the allocation of domain names and IP addresses – it includes public
policy, the responsibility of states – inalienable right
IG must evolve to more balance and guarantees participation of all, particularly LDCs
Governments play a critical role and must increase their participation to play their role in
public policy
Internationalization of ICAN after deep revision of the current structure, active
representation from all regions and actors, including governments and gender on the
ICAN board, the Security and Stability Advisor Committee (SSAC) and the Generic Names
and Supporting organization (GNSO)
The GAC should promote the participation of as many countries as possible, esp
Development countries, promote rotation of all regions of chair and vice chair role,
creating five vice chairs from each region, elected by consensus
Strengthen IANA and RIRs through participation including governments, universities, civil
society, promote participation of experts ISOC and IETF, gender balance in board of
directors and leadership positions
IGF – strengthen it as the main global forum where IG is debated, strengthen participation
from developing countries.
Submission 95 - DiploFoundation
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Promotes capacity development and e-participation in a legitimate and effective IG system
Close the gap to ensure genuine multistakeholderism for meaningful participation,
facilitate policy socialization to acquire skills in an environment that is diverse
professionally and culturally.
Online participation should be a standard part of even design, infrastructure specification
Submission 96 – Ministry of Science & Technology, government of Trinidad and Tobago
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Effective participation of small country actors and SIDS
WSIS underscored promise of development through ICTs and make special mention of
SIDS
Multistakeholder model founded on clear rules is a key to free internet
The policy authority of the sates is recognized and required
Foundation of Internet economies of vital interest to SIDS as they are susceptible to being
more vulnerable to globalization and liberalization of trade.
Acute dearth of capacity to engage in multistakeholder processes for small countries –
both state and non-state actors – the duration and duplication of agendas of meetings puts
meaningful participation and exchanges from small country actors under stress.
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Meaningful action should be made to include SIDS in future formulae for multistakeholder
governance
Submission 97 – Orange Group
- 236 customers worldwide in 32 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and 41 b
euros revenues in 2013, provides IT and telecommunication services to multinational
companies
- Supports high level principles to restore trust and confidence – not internet regulation
- Principle of IG based on multistakeholderism all on an equal footing in democratic,
transparent and open.
- Same respect for human rights online and offline
- IG needs wider geographic representativeness, particularly from developing countries –
all stakeholders
- Calls for review of multistakeholder model – identifying when and where various
stakeholders should be included – to clarify roles and identify overlaps, define the
legitimate involvement of governments
- Orange recognizes governments are instrumental in high impact policy issues such as
cybersecurity, privacy, child protection, IP
- IG must be transparent and decision makers accountable and operators role should be
taken into account when discussions affect infrastructure
- Globalization of ICANN including the IANA function should continue
- IANA function should continue as part of ICANN without any contractual relationship or
stewardship with a single government or government only structure
- The AoC should evolve an agreement between ICANN and the ICANN community of
stakeholders, including governments through GAC
Submission 98 – Avri Doria – Independent Researcher
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Principles - No stakeholder group should define the roles, responsibilities of another
group, nor should stakeholders have the power to define their own role and
responsibilities in isolation of others
Roles are not so simple – breaking down groups is more complex and are different
depending on the issue – stakeholders are not necessarily fixed or for very long. Civil
society breaks into groups like ‘rights advocate, aid worker, NGO staff or philanthropy,
within these groups, librarian and media look for where they belong.
The terms Civil Society or Private Sector don’t easily cover it – technical community can be
either private, civil society or both.
Similarly governments are bureaucrats and representatives, regulators, legislators, jurists,
military, intelligence, data protection officers, civil servants.
How to break down depends on the task being discussed – those who help develop an
internet protocol are different to those establishing roles and responsibilities for
implementing human rights, although government actors have a special responsibility for
human rights, without having the primary role for internet policy.
We cannot change the WSIS documents, they are part of history but we can rethink and
refine.
Submission 99 – World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA)
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WITSA represents the global ICT sector
IG must enhance speed, capacity, reach, access and interoperability, standardization of the
internet – these are the rationales of IG and must underlie any future roadmap
Single global internet – not multiple national versions – must be preserved, extended and
enhanced
Multistakeholder model is effective in setting goals and identifying issues, without
politicization it can evolve with technology
National action and cross jurisdictional cooperation necessary to protect privacy,
standardize data protection regimes, strengthen the rule of law, enforce penalties for
violations, maintain trust and confidence
Change must be undertaken carefully to avoid weakening legitimate investigations
Merit to globalizing IANA but this must be considered in multistakeholder framework,
transparent and open discussion. ICANN must remain accountable to all stakeholders
during this process
No support for proposals suggesting unilateral or regional data localization – adverse
economic and social effects, fundamentally regressive and inappropriate remedies.
Submission 100 – Microsoft
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Multistakeholder has proven effective, should continue to evolve as the internet evolves
Ensure internet is single, global, interoperable
Putting people first includes 600,000 partners, our commitment in R&D has generated
millions of jobs, Microsoft works to democratize computing by making IT more affordable
and accessible.
This meeting a vital opportunity to advance multistakeholder model.
Many principles already exist, the meeting should focus on a few high level principles
everyone can agree on – believe the following are essential
o Access to the benefits of the internet – accelerate access, investment in
infrastructure to make it a reality
o Policy making by governments should be open and inclusive of all stakeholders
o Tech engineering standards continue voluntary, open, all stakeholders
o Transparent multistakeholder approach strengthened, including by intergovernmental organizations
o Human rights online and offline – all stakeholders should work together to realize
Internet is complex, tech, political and social – so numerous multistakeholder orgs
Important role of IGF noted – urge all to support and improve it
Submission 101 – Panel on Global Internet Cooperation and Governance Mechanisms
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Panel expects a full report in May 2014
The Internet is an ecosystem of complementary technical institutions but as it grows the
tensions with an international patchwork of social and legal norms, requiring structured
mechanisms of cooperation to handle the issues become apparent.
Some stakeholders and governments from LDC find it difficult to determine where to turn
to address their issues within IG and they feel marginalized in IG
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Principles – Unified, Dynamic, Inclusive, Diverse, Equitable, Dynamic, Local, Stewardship,
Low Barriers to leverage the internet for development, Human rights, Accountable
Roadmap must address three complimentary challenges
o Institutions must globalize their participation and structures
o Accessible and collaborative mechanisms are needed to build on successful
ecosystem of technical governance
o Capacities should be broadened and developed across all stakeholders across all
levels (regional, global, national, local) so internet can be addressed in a
distributed collaborative and dynamic internet ecosystem
o As billions of users are added, risk of exacerbating existing differences in social and
legal norms – must accept diversity as an opportunity for enrichment
A new mechanism is needed to map issues and where they are appropriately addressed
New localized mechanisms are needed – not all IG is at the global level – national and
regional must emerge
ICANN needs to globalize, can now move beyond the US governments stewardship,
through multistakeholder model
Strengthen online and offline forums and dialogues
Expert communities are needed to inform and support IG through knowledge sharing,
each should be organic with minimal organizational mechanism, often online can deliver
Tools of empowerment and development are needed, toolkits strengthen participation,
training vital to support growing network
Submission 102 - Mozilla
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5 principles – Do no harm, openness, innovation, opportunity and competence
IG a four phased arc and functionality separating structures across these phases are
helpful to balance broad inclusion
o Goal identification
o Policy Development
o Decision Making
o Dispute resolution
Putting IG principles into practice
o IG issues are incredibly broad – some suit top down, others suit bottom up
o Normative tensions – different stakeholders seek to advance different norms
o Multiple forums – not single institution can handle all the diversity
Submission 103 - Cisco
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Decentralized and multistakeholder – success of the internet not an accident, but due to
this
The Internet is for everyone and for the betterment of everyone
Policies must be transparent and multistakeholder mechanisms to ensure all participate
meaningfully
Network security increases trust, also in internet infrastructure to connect in privacy
Politics that allow for free flow of data, services, applications, information
Tech means should be managed by tech experts
Policies must stimulate sustainable investment support capacity and inclusion of those
not yet inside IG processes, particularly from developing countries.
Submission 104 – Internet Infrastructure Coalition USA
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Participation in institutions created by the internet community are not only a civic duty
but an economic necessity for businesses
Internet works best when specialized groups are involved and allow individual groups to
focus on their knowledge specializations
Governments have a role as equals but should not have veto power
Businesses provide support for the internet and are fundamental to its success, economic
principle govern business decisions, an environment for investment will facilitate internet
development
Danger IG will become overly politicized if entities focus beyond their remit
Vast majority of internet infrastructure owned or operated by private entities
Development of the network should continue to be done by end users, not mandated by
governments or intergovernmental entities – for most US providers over 50% of their
business comes from outside the US, as that business grows a presence is established to be
closer to customers. Because of the investment involves, development cannot be forced, it
will only come when Internet businesses grow, making infrastructure viable.
IG is at an inflection point, we see increasing calls for change, calls for a top down
regulatory approach in which governments or quasi-government entities dictate rules,
which would exclude i2coalition and its members
Rapid pace of change favors the multistakeholder model.
Governments should not mandate that all or some content remain in particular
jurisdictions – the internet has thrived on one-to-many environment – data localization
requirements and content controls are solutions seeking a problem
Those creating content should bear the responsibility for its creation and dissemination
IG processes are complicated and opaque to new entrants. Corporatized communications
may not be necessary or nimble enough, remote participation often difficult than inperson experiences
Meetings and gatherings must not be hierarchical or complicated – should offer newcomer
sessions
Specialization of entities has been the key to IG success – we can continue to rely, new
models are not necessary - don’t create new but help users, particularly new users to
participate
Submission 105 - Intel
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Intel around since 1968 making chips
Cites UNGA resolution 68/198 on closing the digital divide – this should guide the
meeting, as should a do no harm principle to vibrant competitive markets, services and
ideas.
The meeting should also stay focused on high level principles and concepts – organization
specific proposals should be remanded to specific organizations
It must reflect a true consensus
Existing principles noted – focus on two
o Commitment to multistakeholder approach
o Open internet
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Data security not a question of server location but standardized and harmonized security
tech, policies and practice
Support announcement to lay cable between Europe and South Africa
Role of governments – unquestionably the issue dominating global discussion – the
internet requires rule of law to flourish, Article 69 Tunis Agenda
Intergovernmental organizations poorly structured to address technical and operational
aspects of Internet, current system allows decisions to be made based on technical or
market merit. Also allows speed and flexibility needed to address cyber security attacks
and threats.
Submission 106 – Kuwait Information Technology Society
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Internet has an increased role in daily life, impacts economic and social conditions, users
are growing but need improved access
Need definition of IG – the only working definition is para 34 Tunis agenda
The issue so sovereignty and national jurisdiction – where or how they are applied need
to be addressed
IG principles should not be discussed in reaction to incidents – but in terms of the
evolution of the internet
Different regions and stakeholders from different cultures and societies have different
concerns and priorities. Different principles should be able to be developed while
preserving civil rights to an acceptable level.
Global principles need to come from balanced global representation, the Brazilian CGI.br
principles are one model but related to the national priorities.
UDHR and the Covenants, The Geneva Declaration of Principles and the Tunis Agenda
should be the basis of globally adopted principles.
IG is multistakeholder in nature
The internet should be regarded as a global good
Same rights online as offline – the issue of sovereignty should be addressed
Equitable, just open access for people with disabilities, living remotely, all entitled to same
access
Freedom of expression
Net neutrality should be preserved
IP should be well respected
Privacy and data protection should be in accordance with civil rights and state sovereignty
– instruments to protect against violation should be established.
Cultural and linguistic diversity – tools to foster local content should be promoted and
encouraged.
Day to say tech ops of the internet are privately led effort independent from any single
government
Any process related to evolution of IG should be multistakeholder
IGF has proved effective but format should be reconsidered
Internet is a public good – the ecosystem, including critical internet resources, root
servers, domain names and addresses require model that is fair, based on existing
organizations rather than establishing new legal structure s or umbrella
Globalize IANA and ICANN
Submission 107 – Centro de Estudos de Midia Alternative
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Principles include freedom, privacy and human rights, democratic and collaborative
governance, universality, diversity, innovation, neutrality of the network ,
unaccountability of the network – i.e. those responsible for actions are liable, not the
network , functionality, security and stability, standardization and interoperability, legal
and regulatory environments
Multistakeholder – cites success of Brazilian model
Lobbies in Brazil are trying to change the Marco Civil to break net neutrality, despite the
Marco Civil being a creation of deep consultation and thousands of people. Lobbyists have
spoken to Deputies and have changed the Marco Civil – civil society is fighting this and
cannot stress the importance of civil society enough.
Submission 108 - IEEE Standards Association
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IEEE is a globally recognized standard setting organization supports Multistakeholder
model
Submission 109 – International Geo Critica and Association of professors of Rio de Janiero
state Uni
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The exhaustion of the current IG model is an indisputable fact – loss of trust is because
word and deed to not match.
Another concern is control by large telecommunications monopolies through privatization
of IG, desiring to compromise net neutrality.
The internet as commons and public good is under threat
Principles of human rights and commitment to protect sovereignty and a multilateral
decentralized governance that can combat the economic interests of some business
monopolies.
Mechanisms are needed to prevent illegal practices of surveillance and espionage of
military and private industries in cyberspace
Submission 110 – MOFA Argentina
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principles – full respect for human rights, freedom of expression and privacy and the
protection of data, avoiding surveillance and collection of personal data arbitrarily out
outside of due process
Respect rights of consumers, users, enhance consumer protection online
Democratic and multistakeholder governance, all views representative, special attention
to governments
Greater transparency in IG
Promote information society, and the right to Internet as a techno cultural tool to enhance
development at all levels
Promote fair and equitable access for all, special emphasis on women, vulnerable people,
women and seniors.
Respect culture and language diversity, preferred language content
Neutral network
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Responsible use of internet based on awareness
Promote geographic representation of all regions in IG, gender balance
Promote cooperation to improve the collection and dissemination of information on
security
IG evolution will strengthen existing structures based on multistakeholder model, where
equal representation, including governments, from all region and gender balance
Argentina supports multistakeholder model – but IG is more than allocation of domain
names and IP addresses – it’s about public policy as per Para 58 of Tunis agenda – which
states the public policy aspects rests with states and is an inalienable right.
Current ecosystem must evolve towards a more balanced model guaranteeing
participation of all, particularly LDCs.
Governments play a critical role in IG and efforts must be made to increase their
participation in decision-making and debates. Argentina recognizes need for greater
operation to enable governments on an equal footing to play their role.
Promote internationalization of ICANN through revision of current structures – all regions
and actors, including governments on an equal footing and gender balance – all advisory
committee sand supporting organizations should consider these.
GAC, rotate regions in the GAC chair, create 5 permanent vice chairs, one from each region
Strengthen IANA through participation of representatives of all stakeholders.
Strengthen IGF
Submission 111 – Mexican government Secretaria de Communicaciones y Transportes
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adoption of ICT positively impacts GDP growth, job creation, productivity innovation,
quality of life, equality, transparency and efficiency. It has changed the way people
communicate, do business, work and study.
In Mexico, recent amendments approved by the Congress establish that the state will
guarantee the right of access to ICT, as well as broadcasting and telecoms access, including
broadband and Internet access for all Mexican citizens.
12 principles –
o Protection of human rights,
o Non discriminatory and inclusive access, right to public information, open data,
data protection and freedom of expression
o Promote effective competition in telecoms and ICT and promote anti-trust policies
o Guarantee equal access to information, education and opportunity in the digital
world
o Telcos, including broadband and internet, a public service
o Social responsibility of the public, social and private sectors in using the Internet
for economic and social development
o Multistakeholder participation – all parties on an equal basis
o Protect consumers, promote trust and encourage users to organize for a better care
of their interest
o Promote innovation on internet infrastructure through public policies,
o Governments have special role in national security and critical infrastructure
stability so should participate actively in multistakeholder processes
o WSIS principles are good basis for new global principles
IG improvements
o IGF main forum where all stakeholders participate – similar efforts at regional level
– UN should renew mandate for 10 years and the Multistakeholder Advisory Group
(MAG)
o Continue to comply with UN monitoring of emerging issues
o ICANN and its IANA function should evolve to be an international organization
under suitable multistakeholder model – avoiding control by any particular
stakeholder and relying on existing structures rather than creating a new
governance body or multilateral body.
o All stakeholders should increase accountability and transparency – new voices
through fellowships to engineers and policy makers from developing world to
attend, make all documents available at no cost
o International orgs and governments should enhance cooperation to mitigate use of
internet contrary to economic and social development.
o Tech community and international organizations should improve their
collaboration and cooperation and agree on Internet Governance Principles
defined by the technical community = open and inclusive participation, consensus
based, permission-less innovation, collective stewardship and empowerment,
transparency, pragmatic and evidence based, voluntary adoption.
Submission 112 - East West Institute, India
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Existing multilateral and multistakeholder institutions must be strengthened and
legitimacy enhanced – in some areas new institutions may be needed
If these three concerns are not addressed there will be a splinternet – and they cannot be
managed separately
o Trade protection and anger about surveillance create political pressures for
localization
o A cyber arms race threatens stability, as does cyber attacks and crimes
o National and international cyberspace governance is weak, slow, isolated or nonexistent
Need to
o Promote trade in secure products and services, encourage limits on cyber
surveillance to enhance privacy and human rights
o Promote measures of restraint in cyber weapons development and deployment
o Support design and testing of transparent, accountable, orderly, inclusive, agile and
effectively managed governance. Existing multilateral and multistakeholder
institutions need to be strengthened. New institutes may be needed in some areas.
Submission 113 – Internet Society of Australia
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inclusive internet must include people with disability in addition to diversity of language,
culture and economic levels. There are 1 billion people with disability and 80% in
developing countries.
Over 100 governments have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities, which includes obligations to design, develop and produce accessible ICTs.
Accessibility for people with disabilities also incudes affordability, cultural discrimination,
availability in isolated areas, lack of awareness of community at large
Explicitly including people with disability if necessary
Submission 114 – Japan Internet Services Providers Association
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Supports multistakeholder approach to promote progress
IG should be open to all interested now and in the future
Transparent, accountable, inclusive and meaningful – all have the right to know and
understand and to oversee decisions that reflect opinions
Respect for human rights – Freedom of communication is a fundamental right
Respect for diversity, gender balance, locality, religion
gTLD will be a chance for non-English community to use its own language
Agree with spirit of Montevideo statement – more participation is needed, involve more
stakeholders through oversight and policy development framework on IANA functions,
suggest setting up of working groups to come up with alternative for consideration at the
IGF 2015 process.
Outreach of IG should be expanded ot marginal people and communities
Local and global best practices should be shared
Not only financial but human support needed for capacity building to achieve
comprehensive engagement on IG
Submission 115 – FaceBook
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Existing and future value of the Internet lies in its open and unfragmented nature,
preserving this environment is foundational to IG.
Sites Deloitte Feb 2014 report on Value of Connectivity to make point that 1 in 3 have
access only. Fundamental well being of global population relies on access
Can build trust and participation by building on current models that have served us well
but can be made more effective and representative. Support
o Bolstering transparency and accountability
o Capacity building so communities can engage
o Reach out to underrepresented
Any work to modify current architecture of the Internet should be cautious, consultative
and operate through multistakeholder process – avoid sacrificing quality to speed.
Principles
o Free and open internet
o Continuing free flow of information as critical for innovation
o Expand access to broadband so all can contribute to the knowledge economy
o Combat efforts to impose physical tech barriers on information
o Working to Decrease economic barriers to connectivity
o Commit to multistakeholder approach
o Commit to transparent governance
o Assure security, stability and resilience of Internet.
Submission 116 – Deutchse Telecom
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Recent European Internet Governance Forum in Berlin reveals two major concerns – how
to reestablish trust and enforce the rule of law in the Internet
Security, data protection and privacy are crucial, reaching a consensus a step towards
enhanced trust in the digital world.
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Internet would not exist without constant efforts of network operators to build and
modernize infrastructure - this seems to be taken for granted.
Access to data is linked with economic viability of business models
Current internet economy characterized by significant asymmetries between those
building the infrastructure and those making extensive commercial use of it without
appropriate and proportionate financial contribution.
Where global issues at stake, welcome internationalization of IG system; globalization of
the Internet needs to be reflected in appropriate mechanisms and institutional settings in
a balanced way for all who share this global resource
Principles may include
o Preserving value of internet for democratization of societies and protecting human
rights also in the online world
o Ensuring freedom of global communications and access to information
o Reinforcing well established principle of secrecy of communication
o Establishing high and effective level of protection of personal data
o Decrease unnecessary and burdensome centralization by introducing principle of
subsidiarity to prevent illegal collection of data and to restore trust
o Ensure high level protection against cyber attacks and crime
o Ensure sustainability of continued investments and innovation
Brazil meeting could foster ongoing process of internationalizing ICANN and IANA, how to
best globalize functions while safeguarding stability of domain name system, timeline,
Support multistakeholder model but room for improvement regarding transparency and
legitimacy based on representative participation, we need basic rules, an example might
be the evolution of trade law under GATT regime.
Submission 117 – institute for InfoSocionmics, Japan
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Support multistakeholder approach,
All levels of governance should be open and inclusive – open to all
Transparency includes decision-making being easy to understand, processes clearly
documented and agreed procedures. Decisions should reflect how inputs are taken into
account; full disclosure of activities, including financial records, checks and balances
should exist and processes for challenging decisions.
Human rights equal online and offline
Cultural linguistic and social diversity
Domain name and IP addresses require some kind of monopolistic management to keep
them unique, however, healthy competition part of modern society and economy – so
measure to safeguard public interest and to prevent discriminator behaviour of the
monopolies must be implemented at all levels, with oversight.
Submission 118 – Free and Open Source Software Foundation
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Widespread recognition finally that centrally controlled bodies pose a threat –
decentralizing ICANN and IANA important milestones but are a small part of bigger
problem which is that more and more communication platforms are centralized.
In a network decentralized on lower protocol levels there are services being run that are
centralized at higher levels. Running on a network based on open standards are closed
services
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If we recognize the danger of centrally-controlled DNS, we should surely recognize the
dangers of closed services running on an open standards based network.
The centralization is harder to perceive as dangers as its not being actively supported by
any state so falls under radar.
Most visible example is Facebook 1 billion users in a centrally walled garden, while
offering an API to developers wiling to tap into its authentication service. Some services
offer FB as the only option, some commenting systems use FB, require Facebook to
participation in discussions, which does not allow anonymous comments.
Similarly Google forcing Google+ on YouTube users. Google Search is used as default.
These are becoming defacto public infrastructure – an immense number of services rely
and require them to work.
These practices
o hurt resilience – a single point of failure makes us vulnerable.
o hurt independence – have to agree with their terms of service.
o Hurt openness – Google and twitter can shut off certain applications.
o Hurt transparency - Use it or lose it control does not give incentives to be
transparent about protocols
o Hurt predictability – these actors main game is to maximize profits, highly
unpredictable
o Hurt interoperability – strong incentives to shut off interoperability attempts.
o Hurt innovation – closed off and centralized infrastructure easy to surveil and
censor.
When does a private service become de facto public infrastructure? This question
remains unanswered – no IG body can reply to it authoritatively. But we all need an
answer what should be done about private services that have become de facto public
infrastructure. Do we treat them as a monopoly and break them up, require interoperable
API for implementers?
Submission 199 - CIPIT
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The term Internet governance can set off alarm bells as some see this as nation states
seeking to take away the internet
Notes President Dilma’s UNGA speech addressed the creation of a multilateral mechanism
bypassing the US in a new internet architecture would interfere with the universality of
the internet as we now it today.
We can avoid fragmentation by preserving the idea of the Internet thriving through every
node being able to communicate with the other.
Africa Union in the final stages of drafting the African Union Cybersecurity Convention
Submission 120 – ISOC
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Technical viability of the global internet can be preserved if discussions lead to consensus
that preserve essential principles operating since the inception of the internet – open and
inclusive processes for developing protocols and standards, impartial stewardship of
naming and addressing and decentralized cooperation and collaboration of the network
operators.
Tech community = individuals and organizations that understand the internet as complex
interaction of technology, standards, implementation, operation and application
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The tech community shares a common culture grounded in clear understanding of the
unique tech characteristics of the Internet.
Early tech and architecture choices that created the Internet remain essential and run on
minimal central authority.
Tech community is an indispensable stakeholder
IG must have principles about being open and inclusive participation, consensus based,
permission-less innovation, collective stewardship, transparent, pragmatic and evidence
based approach, voluntary adoption.
Submission 121 – Government of Iran, Cyber Space National Centre
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Two days can’t expect action or engagement on solutions for specific topics like security,
privacy, surveillance, but principles and framework for addressing globalizing current
institutions and addressing emerging governance topics. Final declaration should be
concrete and practical and include next steps
One key issue is the role of governments – governments complain of being confused, not
knowing heir way around the internet ecosystem
There is a need for something new – options are continued evolution of current
mechanisms or an entirely new framework or institution or clearinghouse.
Need to maintain coherence and harmonization of activities currently underway,
otherwise overlap and duplication will occur
Root zones one of the most controversial – the possibility of removing a countries
domains by deleting them from the Internet inspires criticism of US key role in managing
root names.
Root zones are a global infrastructure that should be managed by an international
organization
Need to balance Internet functionality with legitimacy.
Human rights issues are hotly relevant for the Internet business model – freedom of
expression and privacy/data protection – both directly affect Internet industry’s revenues,
the more data shared on the Internet, the higher the revenue.
IG should continue using Multistakeholder approach but the model should be studied
discussed and agreed upon. Governments are not advisors only but should be fully
recognized.
Policy making should be separate from day to day functioning and accountability
addressed through properly defined view of which separated aspects of policy to enhance
clarity.
International nature of governance, with all stakeholders should be recognized so that no
single government retains legacy or domination
Clearly define ICANN’s new function and structure, remove single government role
Define meaning of equal footing,
Agree on the need to internationalize IG
Agree on the multistakeholder approach and define constituencies, criteria and distinction
between policy making and implementation, role for governments, scope and nature of
accountability, oversight bodies
There is a difference between forum functions and oversight bodies.
Agree that there is a difference between evolution and use – evolution is technical, use is
public policy.
Submission 122 – Avri Doria – Independent Researcher
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Accountability of multistakeholder governance requires oversight – not just government
oversight – with appeals process. IETC processes are not cordial
The ICANN – US Department of Commerce Affirmation of Commitments includes a new
bottom up oversight - Accountability and Transparency Review Team – ATRT2 – by and
large accepted by community. 2nd cycle underway, report under review until 15 March by
Board, obligation to accept and implement recommendations seriously – required if a
bottom up approach is to actually work. Complete reviews need access to all information
and data – ICANN not so forthcoming. Some progress made since ATRT1, ATRT3 will
review changes
IETF offers strong appeals mechanism; ICANN has a weak appeals process and has no
provision for removing board members.
Bottom up reviews are new but evolving.
Submission 123 - ISOC
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Openness a core principle, for cooperation among standard organisations, adherence to
due process, achieving consensus, transparency and balance, commitment to technical
merit, interoperability, competition, innovation, availability of standards to all, and
voluntary adoption.
Underlying all of these principles is the value of openness – it has allowed for technical,
economic and political dimensions to come closer together
Submission 124 – ISOC
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2012 OpenStand principles grew from collective experience of standardization from IAB,
IEEE, ISOC, IETF and W3C – since then hundreds have endorsed
Submission 125 – Knowledge Commons
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Principles and governance structure are required to address
o the monopolization and commodification of information and knowledge;
o abusive use of personal data - in particular its unchecked monetization,
o the erosion of cultural diversity,
o the concentration of power in the hands of one state and technical decisions that
lead to social injustice.
There is an urgent need to create a legitimate, representative, transparent and equitable
framework for governance that can establish appropriate legal / regulatory systems to
ensure a reformed and internationalized Internet.
The Internet should be viewed as a global commons rather than merely a market place
and should never be a theatre of war.
Drag net surveillance, economic espionage and network sabotage are not legitimate
activities and should be explicitly outlawed.
Competition law, consumer law and open interoperability standards need to apply to
online markets.
Unregulated, non-transparent and disproportionate state controls that conduct mass
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surveillance of citizens violates freedom of speech and other fundamental human rights
must be outlawed.
The information that companies can collect, store and use on users must be restricted.
Digital colonialism, the ability of some cultures and language dominant on the Internet to
influence how culture activities and projects evolve, must be recognized and addressed.
The best way to preserve a global Internet is through formulating appropriate global
mechanisms, principles and rules that will underpin its governance.
There is an urgent need for a multilateral framework to be entered into that affirms,
guarantees and protects the principles referred to previously.
The multistakeholder model is current vaguely defined and applies arbitrary modalities
which must be clarified through guidelines that ensure equitable representation and
prevent conflicts of interest and corporate capture.
Certain public policy functions in the context of the Internet governance that can only be
dealt with through a multilateral framework.
Submission 126 – PIR Centre
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IG needs greater contribution from Russia, Brazil and all of the BRICS states
The IGF needs a permanent secretariat mechanism – BRICS could support proposal and
offer to host. Key goals should be to elaborate principles of IG
A UN convention should enshrine the elaboration of global internet principles – we don’t
need declarations and postulations but binding law – tho it shouldn’t go beyond
universally acknowledged principles – could be a loose analogue to the Outer Space
Treaty.
A multistakeholder technical research initiative is needed to determine whether
government e-surveillance is a bug or feature of internet architecture – massive esurveillance is a direct consequence of systemic malfunctioning of the internet
architecture – has implications for technical backbones, the work of basic protocols.
An educational program on IG in BRICS states and other developing countries to raise
awareness about decisions in IG – BRICS needs its own Expert Council on Technical issues
to bridge with IETC, IAB, ISOC
Internet users in BRICS states is 700 million or 30% of the world’s internet
2013 BRICs = 500 bn, will double by 2015
BRICS underrepresented and passive in IG – disproportionately small degree of
participation
Submission 127 - Pir Centre
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Same as 126
Submission 128 - ISOC
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Diverse players shaped the internet which continues to evolve
ISOC encourages all stakeholders to become involved n policy and standardization
Their paper describes the various entities –
o the technical standards bodies,
o the organizations that manage naming and addressing,
o the companies that provide network infrastructure such as DNS providers,
network operators,
o cloud and delivery network providers and the
o Internet Exchange points
o Individual and orgs that use the internet
o Organizations that provide education and capacity building for using the internet
such as multilateral organizations, educational institutions and government
agencies.
Submission 129 - COAI
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Internet in India has grown over last 3 years from 100 – 200 million users – expected to
be 243 by June 2014. India expected to overtake the US
Mobile internet game changer – by 2020 National Telecom Policy predicts 600 million,
implies adding 7 million broadband connections each month from now.
Multistakeholder and Multilateral diametrically opposite views on IG – choice is between
state control or a more democratic set up. With Internet being enhanced by private
investment and individual demand, important to safeguard civil society and business
interests to enable sustained investment interest
Internet architecture traditionally controlled by the US, demand for more democratic set
up started in the 2000s – Tunis agenda laid out terms of debate and included the need for
a multistakeholder model – India’s 2011 multilateral proposal has been criticized by
governments and civil society
COAI represents largest industry association in India, serves 800 million mobiles
subscribers
The principles that shape the internet impact development of tech but also realization of
rights, social equity and interdependence, cultural concerns and social and economic
development –IG should be people centered and development oriented, support openness
and connectivity
IG needs to ensure difficult trade offs between competing interests, as well as distinct
public values are managed in a consistent, transparent and accountable manner.
Submission 130 - BRASSCOM – Brazlian Association of Information Technology and
Communication
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Current debate about information security and data privacy is important – paramount
importance to ensure inviolability of citizens data and also businesses and nations
The inviolability of the secrecy of correspondence, data communications and privacy must
be fully complied with except in cases provided by law and under judicial determination
Free flow of information preserved
Access to all information assured, unless illegal content
Guarantee right to freely contract services on the WWW
These principles will be ensured with appropriate legal instruments, may include bilateral
and multilateral agreements, robust tech solutions for network security and systems
architecture.
Brazil is a global provider of IT services and can play a strategic role, as it is one of 5 major
centres of tech excellence.
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Participatory model of governance including all actors.
Submission 131 – Department of Foreign Affairs, Canada
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Acknowledges previously established principles to help find common ground but this
meeting should focus on high level, drawn from previous articulations and reflect a
consensus within community
o Promotes human rights – some offline and online
o Universality of access
o Rule of law applies – international law and traditional norms of behaviour that
govern state relations
o Inclusive multistakeholder
o One internet
o Innovation and economic growth
o Promote security so users have trust and confidence that they are safe online
Firmly supports multistakeholderism, and would not support a new multilateral
institution to oversee or manage Internet ecosystem.
Supports further globalization of internet Tech organizations and an invigorated IGF
Submission 132 – Computer and Communications Industry Association
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Despite agreement on what IG means, disagreement on the meaning of WSIS definition
continues
This meeting should endorse a common understanding of what aspects of policy should be
properly considered as IG related, but should not be in conflict with Tunis agenda
What is and what is not within the scope of the term IG? Agreement on these four
principles would bring a lot of clarity
o The network and the data are separate at the policy level
o No stakeholder may take measures that compromise the ability of the network to
connect the greatest number of users at the lowest cost and efficiently as possible
o Management of and access to data that traverses the network is not a subject of
international IG
o Regulating the Internet, or technology more generally, will not solve social
problems – mass surveillance is fundamentally not about the Internet but rather
about how all stakeholders can cooperate regarding security threats
Pre existing principles noted, of particular value is inclusiveness and diversity,
transparency, access, universality, interoperability and standardization, security, stability
and decentralization of the network, openness and neutrality
Multistakeholder participation needs to adopt a minimum set of standards for the quality
and nature of such participation, based on the Aarhus Convention commitments on public
participation.
Existing organizations could be improved through
o Increased outreach, capacity building and training for regulators
o Increase and diversify newcomer sessions
o Improve transparency and accountability
o Open accessible meetings
o Improve accessibility and reduce barriers to entry
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o Organize physical meeting of more than one in the same city and close enough so
people can attend all.
o Global mandated organizations have an obligation to ensure multilingual
documentation and interpretation.
What is not included?
o Issues where norms exist but where a networked world has created challenges in
implementation, and – need Internet Dimension to be part of processes mandated
to address them – creating additional processes would be a mistake
o Issues where no norms exist but conflicts in national laws have arisen because of a
networked world
Revelations about mass surveillance have triggered this meeting – governments feel
action must be taken to protect their citizens data from foreign surveillance and the
unique – historical accident - role of the US government is more visible
IGF needs improvement – meetings don’t have conclusions, or a mechanism to implement
o Should prioritize activities – look at areas outside IG that have a profound impact
on the Internet or where IG could have a profound impact.
o Identify issues with Internet dimensions not currently being addressed elsewhere.
o Secretariat needs strengthening and should have capacity to rack and interact with
discussions with an internet dimension
Submission 133 – Domain Name Association
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narrow set of high level principles will help frame ongoing discussion
DNA only non-profit global business association representing interests of the domain
name industry
Unwavering support for multistakeholder bottom up approach
Technology, left to the private sector with appropriate governmental incentives has
demonstrated ability to accommodate rapid change and growth
Governments should incentivize development of protocols and standards and protocols
Standard setting regulatory and legal environments across jurisdictional lines support
innovation, prevent malfeasance and avoid duplication or political interference
Promote lightweight regulatory schemes of investment and development of high speed
networks and cross border delivery
Roadmap should
o Develop objectives
o Measure gaps
o Form issues statement
o Examine available data
o Test consensus for outcomes and develop implementation plan
Premature to reach conclusions on IANA function
Submission 134 – Facilitators of the Internet and Jurisdiction Project
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Further evolve multistakeholder ecosystem and regimes
The Internet and Jurisdiction project is facilitating sine 2012 multistakeholder dialogues
on the development of a process for trans border requests on domain name seizures,
content take downs and access to user data.
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NetMundial will need to identify common formulations, document discussion to identify
convergence and options.
Could usefully explore
o What combination of actors should initaitie a dialogue
o Who can participate and how
o Who can provide a netural support function
o How can existing meetings be leveraged?
Submission 135 – group of individuals and Latin American organisations
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Latin America part of where the next 2 billion internet users will come from, currently
48.2% of Internet users from the Americas, penetration of 40%, higher than general
worldwide penetration, the fastest growing Internet population, 12% between 20122013.
At the same time, emergence of laws and policies that violate core digital rights –
developed in non-transparent and non-accountable manner.
Cite WSIS definition of IG, fully support several sets of principles already agreed – HRC,
OCED, CGI and APC
Defend and reinforce multistakeholder model, ICANN internationalization, global IGF, and
a strengthened LACIGF, multilingualism at forums, and no government or region should
have predominance.
Capacity building also necessary for increased governmental participation
Infrastructure the main access issue in Latin America, still need investment to build
infrastructure.
Latin American governments need to collaborate to improve laws that guarantee freedom
of expression, online and offline,
Inclusion, diversity, multiculturalism, multilingualism
Regional participation in IG low – suggest creation of multistakeholder body responsible
for raising funds to facilitate involvement. Creation of Remote Participation centres for
each meeting needed.
Respect the rule of law
Submission 136 – Government of Poland
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Failure of the Brazil meeting could threaten multistakeholder model and push things back
to multilateral – the Sao Paulo road map should respect strengthening of multistakeholder
forums to be transparent and accountable
Unfragmented internet is the goal and principles should include privacy of users, open and
free tech standards and protocols, human right to speech, access information and prohibit
censorship, net neutrality and potential of the internet to promote democracy and cultural
diversity
Poland shares concern that IANA functions to ICANN through contractural relationships
with a single countries raises issues of inadequate accountability, lack of transparency and
unbalanced stakeholder influence
Submission 137 – Japan Network Information Centre
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pragmatism important principle - rough consensus and running code is the IETF version –
suppresses unrealistic specifications and lets experts make judgements based on evidene,
verified in a policy deliberation process.
There is a need for a new function catalyzing and coordinating collaborative efforts to
address complex and emerging issues
Submission 138 – ISOC Senegal
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IG needs participation of youth – what levers are needed for iG to serve as a democratic
outlet?
Submission 139 – Korean government
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Acknowledges preexisting principles, WSIS, CGI.br, OECD, HRC, Seoul Framework that
included accessibility, multistakeholderism, flexibility, engagement , security, balance
Submission 140 – Data Security Council of India
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Multistakeholder model with defined roles need to be evolved, participation proportional
to internet population, where representation is one set of stakeholders, it is merely
ceremony and not participatory
Separate DNS from policies on TLDs and public policies that intersect with nations rights
to make them
Industry participation from developing countries in standard making, making IETF open
without having to pay for a seat
Localization of ICT within territorial boundaries should not be encouraged
Participation of stakeholders from developing and LDC encouraged
Governments role is in law and order, content regulation and national security within
their territories should be accepted
Countries should send nominees of all stakeholders rather than ICANN directly selection
people without transparency
Submission 141 - APC
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States are failing to ensure laws and regulations about surveillance adhere to human
rights standards
Submission explains how international human rights law applies in the digital
environment and the principles evolved by Privacy International, Access and EFF
Conceptualization of existing human rights law have not kept up with communications
surveillance capabilities
States have responsibilities but the private sector bears equal responsibility for respecting
human rights, particularly given the key role it plays in designing and disseminating
technologies.
Principles that must be adhered to are – Legality, legitimate aim, necessity, adequacy,
proportionality – a state must establish to the competent, independent and impartial
judicial authority that there is a high degree of probability that a crime has or wil be
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committed, evidence of that, exhaustion of other remedies, the information will be
relevant to that crime, and used for that purpose only
Users should be notified of surveillance with appeal rights, unless notification would
seriously jeopardize purpose for which surveillance authorized or if life at risk, and
individual is notified as soon as reasonably possible afterwards
States should be transparent about the use and scope of communications
Public oversight mechanisms
States should not compel service providers or software or hardware vendors to build
surveillance or monitoring capability into heir systems.
Mutual assistance treaties should ensure that high level standards apply, and must not use
these treaties to request protected information to circumvent domestic legal restrictions
States should enact criminalizing legislation by public or private actors, protection for
whistleblowers
Submission 142 – European Internet Society
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Shocking regional disparities in new TLD distribution –the number in South America (24)
and Africa (17) very low, in North America (915) and Europe (671), Asia Pacific (303) –
this excessive domination is dangerous – it generates withdrawals and sows animosity,
carries monoculture instead of diversity and exposes users to data collection and
espionage in a questionable legal framework (US Patriot Act and FISA Amendment Act)
A bunch of US companies use tax evasion on a large scale from European microstates –
152 in European microstates and 167 in the British Caribbean Islands! European areas of
lower taxation – Netherlands Ireland and Switzerland are used to allow sophisticated tax
evading organizations pay less tax.
Systematic tax avoidance is a matter of public interest. It distorts competition.
A new policy of social and environmental responsibility should be introduced
Registries residing in an area where the tax is lower than the global average should face
alternatives to withdraw its declaration of tax residence and return to it real country o
residence or make a financial contribution to projects of public interest
Submission 143 – NRO for AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE NCC
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WSIS definition of IG now well accepted and should remain
Multistakeholder model continue to be fundamental to the success of the internet
IGF should remain central element of global IG environment; propose renewal of current
arrangements for 10 years, non-binding forum, essential that MAG receive strong support
from IGF secretariat, which must be strong and stable. Transparency and predictability of
selection of members needed.
Submission 144 – Uni of North Carolina
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Current legal regimes, institutional frameworks and instruments are insufficient to
address cyber-threats. Cybercriminals take advantage of lack of law enforcement
capacity.
Some emerging economies capacity to deal with cybercrime is a dominant challenge
Informal trans-national networks are increasingly common
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Soft approach, a working group of policy makers – may develop better relationships
between states – can’t force but encourage.
Symbolic actions can lead to more substantive actions
Submission 145 – ERS Consultores
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Supports multistakeholder model but some principles need to be deepened
o Access to the internet
o Freedom and equality on the Internet
o Freedom of expression and information
o Privacy of the internet
Submission 146 – CGI.BR
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ICANN’s evolution shall be guided by a framework for vertical and horizontal
accountability and shall seek a better equilibrium among all stakeholders and among
countries.
CGI.br assumes ICANN will remain the responsible institution and focal point
Far more important than operational level mandate is pacing ICANN under a new
international legal institutional framework that replaces the current contract with the US
government and US legal system.
Realistic timeframe – 5-10 years – steps to be an outcome of the NetMundial
Practical decentralization of structures to the 5 RIRs, a good example of how IANA
functions can be delegated and decentralized without removing overall institutional
responsibility of ICANN
Will be extremely relevant to decide which entity will be responsible for the management
of the root zone file so that its stable, secure and reliable
ICANN must be accountable – there are different sorts of accountability, which depends on
the nature of the relations and the interest of the actors. Vertical (accountable to
constituents) and horizontal (accountability to other parts of the organization)
Leveling the playing field among stakeholders and countries – different types of
stakeholders – states, firms, NGOs and IGOs across hierarchical, polyarchic or anarchic
structures = 33 forms of multistakeholderism identified by Laura DeNardis and Mark
Raymond
CGI.br has its own model – the global model must include the establishment of a serious
and permanent discussion about the appropriate contours of multistakeholderism in the
21st century.
CGI.br believes that best model comprises all relevant actors within their scope of action
and is polyarchic – authority is not centralized or inexistent.
ICANN’s multistakeholderism sometimes tilts towards anarchism, inadequate balance
Problems are
o Inadequacy of GAC for government participation
o Small influence of civil society in final decisions of the board
o Capture o ICAN by the domain industry
o Lack of balance among different countries
Even if GAC keeps its role as advisory, government representatives should participate
effectively, governments influence only when considered by the board should be avoided,
it represents an undue advantage over other groups
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Weight of registries and registrars in policy development should be reduced
ALAC structure and role should be revised – clear redundancy
Composition of the board should be revised to reflect better balance among stakeholder
groups and need principles, number of seats for NomCom should be reduced
Sufficient funds to ensure participation
Once adequate and balanced representation established, hen the role of the board
regarding final approval of policies should be revised. The Board should oversee.
Submission 147 – University of North Carolina
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Current legal regimes are insufficient to face cyber-treats.
Same as another submission by the U of NC
Submission 148 – Persian - IGF
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Importance of multistakeholderism emphasized in literature but it is in its infancy
Unclear how regions lacking developed stakeholder groups independent of state authority
can evolve, this is a challenge faced by many countries including small island states
Need initiative to empower growth of informed multistakeholder groups
Categories of multistakeholderism – governments, private sector, academics, tech
community, civil society and international organizations is accepted but limits diversity
and equal participation. When a stakeholder group is weak in a region weakens the whole
Procedural mechanisms should address power imbalance between national, regional and
international stakeholder reps
Allowing expert individual to take part without having to select a group could be piloted at
the IGF in Turkey
Submission 149 – CGI.br
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CGI.br principles were approved by consensus
o Freedom, privacy and human rights
o Democratic and collaborative governance
o Universal Internet access
o Diversity
o Innovation
o Neutrality of the network
o Unnaccountabity of the network – users responsible
o Functionality, security and stability
o Standardization and interoperability
o Legal and regulatory environments must preserve dynamics of the internet as a
space for collaboration
Submission 150 – Kenya ICT Action Network
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There is no framework to ensure that stakeholder views are taken on board and reflected
in outcomes
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Want to see articulation of multistakeholderism that is not only about participation but
about reflection of contributions in the final outcomes
Internet grip by undemocratic giant private multinationals constantly acquiring or killing
emerging competition and innovations should be told off. We have recent evidence of
such corporations getting into bed with governments to achieve mutual interests.
Submission 151 – ISOC Tunisia
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Preserving multistakeholder model
World deserves access to knowledge
Governments should promote expanded access to broadband
Internet important as platform for education commerce information – any governance
model must promote free flow of information
Government should promote ability to innovate and promote open, distributed,
interoperable and interconnected
Human rights on and offline
Governments should recognize limitation on ability to collect information on users
IG should include all stakeholders and promote openness, transparency and
accountability, rooted in rule of law
Submission 153 – Knowledge Commons Technical submission
- While policy and legal frameworks are required to ensure a reformed and
internationalized Internet, many of the solutions for the future of Internet governance are
technical
- Without a technical grounding many of the policy and legal frameworks might be
meaningless.
- The technological architecture that worked when the Internet was born and grew in its
infancy is in many ways outdated.
- NetMundial arose because trust and confidence in the Internet was fundamentally
undermined by mass surveillance and economic espionage, both possible because of the
Internet’s technical architecture.
- The future growth of the Internet needs to emphasize decentralized architecture and
more evenly distributed infrastructure, to improve the storage and privacy of data.
- The centralization of ownership and control of physical cables, routers, servers and data is
at the core of the problem’s made clear by the revelations of Edward Snowden; if all the
data is going through a single location it is vulnerable to the back doors in software and
hardware utilized by agencies of that country.
- Only Free and Open Software and Hardware implementing Open Standards can give us the
chance to stop the backdoors, allowing complete auditability and interoperability. An
open and decentralized Internet requires strict enforcement of open and public standards,
which allow fully interoperable implementation by anyone in any type of software and
hardware.
- Private social platforms put users at risk, and compromise local interests. In order for a
free Internet to be developed for the best interests of local citizens and local business,
public funds will need to support development of tools that will give users alternatives to
the social media monopolies. These applications and tools must be open and distributed
on nature, and designed to protect the users privacy.
- Strong encryption must be mandatory in all core protocols. To guarantee that citizens
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have their privacy protected, all cryptographic libraries used in the core protocols should
be open and frequently verified, so that their implementations will be safe for global
usage.
There is a difference between what is technically possible and what is legal or acceptable –
new agreements will require trust and technical verification. Governments and
corporations are bypassing oversight and abusing the capacity to surveil their own
citizens – and those of foreign countries – just because they technically can. The
technology can be configured differently.
Technical experts will be needed to ensure that any new principles agreed upon by
governments actually prohibit and police indiscriminate data collection, backdoors into
software or hardware, the hacking of submarine cables, the sabotage of networks etc.
Submission 154 – Abranet – Brazilian Internet Association
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Abranet proposes principles be adopted based on values selected by CGI.br, and
multistakeholderism
Submission 155 – CGI.br
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Although PRISM based programs have been a reality for many years, the Snowden episode
does not lose relevance – we have an opportunity to construct global solutions
International effort necessary – the network is global in scale
The fight giant spying goes through telco networks and the Internet’s layers, therefore the
protecting privacy has to be seen in this context.
The current international IG lacks a body with authority to discuss and coordinate
solutions for human rights protection.
The IGF or the UN CSDT could be structured as bodies responsible for discussion and
actions to make recommendations to other international bodies
Parameters for ensuring privacy needs to be based on some fundamentals,
o Principle of legality must be respected,
o Power should be conferred only by a competent judicial authority,
o Surveillance cannot be based on discrimination, race, nationality, social origins or
political opinions
o Limitations to privacy must be necessary adequate and proportional
o Limitations must be determined by impartial judicial authority
o Court orders must be issued with due process, subject to lawful procedures,
publicly known and in line with protection of human rights
o User notification can only be waived or postponed in specific cases
o Transparency of techniques and powers is required
o Periodic reports must give information about refused and approved requests
o Applicable legislation and procedures should be put in place by the service
providers, must also be publicly available
o Surveillance of the state must be under supervision of other entities
Compliance with these doesn’t avoid the concern that surveillance compromises the
integrity, security and privacy of the communication systems
Relevant to establish international cooperation on the provision of data against
illegitimate access to information of users.
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International standards must be clearly documented, publicly available, subjected to
guarantees of procedural fairness.
Countries are encouraged to consider their legal systems are appropriately responsible on
improper usage and providing of data and defence mechanisms for individual affected
Legal protection of privacy may also imply the guarantee of data destruction
Submission 156 - APC
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Principles include
o Internet access for all – irrespective of where you live, inclusive design, equal
access for men and women, affordability, public access, access in the workplace,
cultural and linguistic diversity
o Freedom of expression and association, freedom from censorship,
o Access to knowledge and shared learning and creation, knowledge commons,
freedom of information, right to share, free and open source software, open
technology standards
o Privacy, freedom from undue surveillance and the right to use encryption, data
protection, encryption, surveillance by states should comply with necessary and
proportionate principles
Multilateral and multistakeholder governance should be transparent and accessible,
decentralized and collaborative, open architecture, open standards, network neutrality,
net integrated as a whole and a demilitarized zone
Human rights protected and recourse when violations have occurred
Submission 157 – Connecting.nyc Inc
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City residents have scant access to governance structures that guide the Net’s operation
When ICANN activated its new TLD issuance responsibilities it’s initial inclination was to
view cities as outside the scope for entities eligible for TLDs but after a campaign the
viewpoint changed and cities were included but a different set of requisites.
Likely that approximately 35 cities will receive TLDs this year
Need for inclusion of cities in IG processes
Number on seats selected by individual internet users on ICANN’s board should be
increased – 5 seems a reasonable target
New board seats should be allocated at one per ICANN region, new seats should be
selected by direct vote of each regions at large structures
Participation of the poor and marginalized should be facilitated
Improved transparency and accountability for the at large
In at large structures in cities with TLDs, city government should be provided an ex-officio
participation
Submission 158 – Submission of Brazilian NGOs
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notes existing principles, APC Charter, Tunis,
Principles and rights can only be implemented when IG is transparency, accessible and
accountable, allows for effective participation, is diverse in terms of region, culture and
gender.
Principles
Right to digital inclusion and access to internet
Right to net neutrality and openness
Access to knowledge and right to culture
Freedom of expression and association
Privacy is a right, surveillance should be necessary and proportionate and
encryption and anonymity is a right
o Diversity and nondiscrimination
o Realization of rights
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o
Submission 159 – Submission of Brazilian NGOs
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IG ecosystem should foster international arrangements that protect human rights at the
core, and be transparent, wide open and diverse participation, effective, accountable and
enforceable
Transparent, democratic, multilateral and multistakeholder
Decentralized
A mechanism is needed to provide communication and coordination among IG
institutions, a multistakeholder council, participants from diversity of views, should
receive inputs from IGF, hosted under ECOSIC CSTD
IGF should be reformed and empowered and quality of outcomes improved , and should
develop more tangible outputs, a more prospective agenda setting, secretariat should be
strengthened with neutral stable and predictable funding
Submission 160 – Italian Civil Society
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new principle – everyone should have the right to express oneself, self organize and
engage in political oriented collective action on the internet as a means of enacting digital
citizenship
No one should be discriminated on the basis of political ides.
Tactics of disruption of service but do not damage infrastructure should be tolerated as
democratic and legitimate practices of digital citizenship
Arbitrary or indiscriminate censorship, generalized, unjustified and disproportionate
surveillance shall not be tolerated
Submission 161 - Sinditelebrasil
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Representative entity for personal mobile service providers and fixed telephony in Brazil,
including the major ISPs in Brazil
Competition and a light touch regulatory environment needed to innovate in access and
connectivity
Recognize many existing principle documents – OECD, G8, European Commission – now
need global reference point and guiding light – NetMundial should aim for agreement
Internet a success because of multistakeholderism
Promote internet that is
o Economically sustainable, interconnected, secure, table
o Protect human rights
o Commit to collaborate and open IG that has no single group of stakeholders
dominating
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o Acknowledge that government mechanism s for technical and operational matters
have proved to make the Internet remarkable stable and tech community and
private sector should retain their leading role in the day to day management.
o Ensure IG transparently, inclusive accessible
Any roadmap for IG should include all parties are on an equal footing
Multistakeholderism has worked considerably well
IG processes need to better involve public policy concerns from governments and needs to
evolve accordingly.
Not all issues need the same set of stakeholders to define solutions
Online privacy also shows that its necessary to distinguish between global and local levels
There is no global agreement and protection of privacy online, principle of subsidiarity
should decide what level decisions need to be taken where.
Governments are the representatives of the people and are an important source of
legitimacy on public policy.
IGF should be better funded and its role and influence expanded
IANA/ICANN globalized
Submission 162- APC
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Internet is not a parallel dimension, but part of social, economic, cultural, personal and
political life
Internet related policy issues are not finite, they will emerge and change over time
o Internationalization of DNS and root management
o Consolidate democratic inclusive multistakeholder governance
o Uncertainty about role of IGC – it is under resourced
o Net Neutrality
o Fair and transparent cross border regulation and taxation of global internet
businesses
o States acting to limit freedom of expression and association
o Mass surveillance and privacy
o Security – need cyber disarmament
Would not be feasible to centralize decision making
Vibrant and diverse Internet governance ecosystem but they are not adequately inclusive
transparent and accountable, they do not communicate and collaborate adequately, and
power and influence is unevenly distributed. Clear gender imbalance
Need common principles,
IGF can play a key role in communication, debate and collaborative policy making – renew
it for 10 years and strengthen finances from gTLD domain name registrations
Need agreement that
o Internet governance is distributed, centralizing is not feasible or desirable
o Create IGF linked information clearing house and policy observatory
o Strengthen meaningful participation
o Improve government recognition of the value of nongovernmental stakeholder
participation in pubic policy making
o Inclusion of women in IG spaces, concrete action when imbalanced
o Develop codes of practice for IG processes
o Existing bodies to avoid mission creep
o Establish national multistakeholder forums and processes
o Capacity building initiatives
o Clarify the role of governments
o Governments should participate actively
Submission 163 - LACNOG
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Network operators in Latin America and the Caribbean developed a consensus based set
of principles
Management of internet resources must involve rules and all parts involved in their
utilization including network operators, users, content providers
Problems and technical practices and be addressed through operational changes or
network management and best practices – changes should not be imposed by regulation
Interconnection of networks and traffic exchange should be encouraged and agreed –
regulation minimized
Groups and internet governance bodies should be appropriately representative from
network operator groups
Submission 164 – LAC- IX
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Internet exchange points are critical infrastructure, neutral network facilities.
Principles
o Interconnection between internet actors enable guaranteed access to networks
o Stability of the network, its security and functionality must be actively preserved
by adopting technical measures that are compatible with international standards.
o No one should have the ability to turn off the internet totally or partially
o Architecture of the internet and the communication system must be based on open
standards that enable interoperability
o Juridical and regulatory environments must preserve the dynamics of the internet
as open, collaborative space free of blocks, interruptions, censures, interference or
surveillance
o Governance must promote continuous development and widespread dissemination
of new technologies and models for access and use
o All action taken against illicit activity must be aimed those directly responsible not
at the means of access and transport.
Submission 165 – Council of Europe
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10 Internet principles adopted in 2010-11
Governance of (architecture and cooperation of actors) and on (policy on content and
layers) the internet are different
Submission 166 - EBU
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EBU supports strong regulatory framework for net neutrality
Recognizes open internet as key driver for innovation
Need to clarify the definition of “internet access service” and “specialized service” to
guarantee coexistence
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Role of spectrum for radio and TV broadcasting and states competence to safeguard
cultural diversity and media pluralism – IG rules need to take into account radio spectrum,
clarify the notion of harmonized spectrum
Freedom of expression includes content in own language and relevant to own culture
Submission 167 - Axur
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Information technology is not an end in itself but way to develop society
Something with these characteristics cannot belong to anyone or controlled – internets
nature is free and even anarchic, a term that suggests not being subordinate to the state,
or a monopoly of force, it is a network of networks
National sovereignty, privacy and combatting cybercrimes need to be discussed, Edward
Snowden showed the world that national sovereignty and individual freedom at risk.
The debate is about the role and relationship of people, companies and states
The role of defence is to make the internet a safe place, but higher inflection needed on
o Impact of anonymity and
o The capacity of a country affected by a direct attack
By allowing unrestrictive anonymity it would be like switching the lights off in public
parks, it would benefit some people and create conditions for crime, balance needs to be
found so that people can express ideas without being punished. Cryptography
There is an excessive concentration of power in the hands of a few states -
Submission 168 – MIT
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20 years ago, cyber conflict distant, but today not considered unusual but considerable
uncertainties remain about nature, scale, scope and features of conflict
This paper provides case studies of cyber conflict – data set of 17 cyber conflicts spanning
1985-2013
Submission 169 - ITBR
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Internet principles re not to set goals but identify key values and conditions for the
Internet to continue to improve daily lives of people
Notes previous principles
Not possible or advisable to restrict creativity, freedom of choice and expression,
representation or control
Internet not an alternative reality but a tool that we use to make our lives better - social
networks are just magnified
The internet reflects our lives, principles that govern our lives in society should be applied
Internet is a global platform, unlike telco services, it’s a value adding service in various
national laws and included in the WTO treaty
Convergence merges telco services with the Internet, merging, seeing commercial
interests being used as an excuse to impose limitations or restrictions on the freedom of
access s to the internet – compromising net neutrality
Multistakeholderism responsible for success of internet .
Governments need to ensure alignment of public policy with telco infrastructure and the
internet to ensure no barriers
Private sector participation essential, academic essential
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Principles
o Freedom, privacy and human rights
o Democratic and collaborative governance
o Universality
o Diversity
o Innovation
o Neutrality of the network
o Unaccountability of the network
o Functionality, security and stability
o Standardization and interoperability
o Legal and regulatory environments
Submission 170 – Tama University
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Welcome Montevideo Statement
Move towards consensus should be guided by full multistakeholder framework, including
establishment of Working Groups where all parties are represented
Need more proactive measure to support participation of marginalized groups
Strengthening financial support for participation in IGF, ICANN or W3C
Global TLD registries should provide further financial contributions to enhance
multistakeholder participation
To reach consensus on development of framework for ICANN IANA functions, suggest
Working Groups of all stakeholders with geographic gender and other diversity
considerations
Submission 171 – Collab CPR
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Two principles –
o Governance must be democratic, by states duly elected. This precludes all
stakeholders on a common footing. Multistakeholderism helps highlight
importance of society-wide contributions, following form which democratic states
then decide policy.
o Free flow of information necessary for free expression
Two camps stalemate evolution
Submission 172 – 73 Entertainment and Cultural Organisations
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Our industry supports IG that benefits from meaningful participation of all stakeholders,
fosters growth and innovation of interoperability, and where IP is protected, and ensures
internet supported by rule of law and the sovereign right so states
Submission 173 - Centre for Democracy and Technology
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Change should not occur solely for the sake of change – proposals to unduly increase the
role of governments will only exacerbate governance challenges
Issues of surveillance and governance should not be conflated – in fact governments are
the ones retreating from open and participatory policy development processes
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Change should be based on multistakeholder consultation, open and transparent
processes, identification of real not perceived needs, constructive and proportional
solutions, multistakeholder endorsement and accountable and transparent
implementation
Implementation of change should not require hard law approaches or treaties or
intergovernmental structures
Cites CGI.br, OECD and CoE principles
Submission 174 – Nigeria Technology Organisation
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US in charge of internet, which is no longer acceptable to some countries
Big data, security, surveillance have raised concerns about what IG should be
All citizens have become citizens of the Net-Nation in addition to their country
Other countries need to get involved
A World Internet Governance Organization (WIGO) is needed – ICANN should become this
– a global organization with equal participation from governments, private sector, civil
society, technical community
Governments hae to play a role in decision making but the internet ecosystem should
remain multistakeholder
Submission 175 - INTLNET
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Difficulty of ICANN US national mentoring includes multistakeholderism – a personal
polycratic attitude. In democracy one shares decisions by vote, in polycracy deicsions are
made after mutual information. Technically service provided by ICANN is middle grade,
has not contributed to US citizen privacy
Cyber sovereignty is a complex issue - a national cyber territory is virtual and global,
commercial infra sovereignties develop that become transnational or multinational and
the global nature of virtual cyber territories is not consistent
Nation states can no longer equate architectonics with politics assimilated with land
The Internet is the first man made physical universe, we have no previous experience in
managing a system of this size
Multistakeholderism will be embodied as intergovernance of enhanced cooperation of
international, public, private and personal virtual global network managers.
Submission 176 – Portuguese teacher
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How can ICANN operate within an international framework instead of a particular state –
current members of ICANN GAC could sign an MOU
How can DNS-Root Zone Management and IANA functions be made accountable to
stakeholders not just the US government
Globalization is about trade liberalization – not acceptable model for ICANN. The meaning
of international organization is not just between national states, it is compatible with
multistakeholder involvement
It is appropriate to internationalize ICANN
Submission 177 – ICANN cross community working group
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Multistakeholder model best serves Internet Community
Supports single root internet
Supports transparency in government decision making
Evolution of ICANN should be done by ICANN community
Submission 178 - CO Internet SAS
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Big data, human factors, identification, false information published online, hacktivism
need a forward looking oversight and continuous review to address risks
According to ITU Guadalajara resolution, Cybersecurity a set of tools, policies, concepts,
drivers, risk management methods, actions, education awareness, good practice,
insurances and technologies to protect users and organizations in cyberspace
DNS security has a strong and direct impact on performance and dependability of the
Internet. DNS – SSR needs better efforts on awareness and tech capacity building.
Big Data drastically changing online privacy handling and guarantees
New generic TDLs (nTDLs) will impose a lot of challenges in particular to DNS
Weakest element is human factor
Services helping people go dark, advancement in encryption, benefits fraudulent, illegal
and abusive activity
Publishing fake information has complex social, political and economic consequences
Hacktivism a bit challenge to cybersecurity, insurgents and mischief makers continue to
increase DDos attacks and take advantages of IT vulnerabilities
Submission 179 – Information Technology Industry Council
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Phenomenal success of the internet is due in no small part to multistakeholder model
Expanding access to broadband networks will spread benefits of the Internet, continue the
free flow of information, allow for the ability to innovate and take advantage of economic
opportunities, assure continuing security and stability, and ensure individuals can
exercise their human rights online and offline
Recognition of the limitation of governments on collection of information non users
Submission 180 – Internet Governance Working Group of the Info Tech Industry Council
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no lack of places to discuss, in fact overlapping missions and confusing assortment of
discussions. One organization is not the answer, rather taking advantage of richness to
make it easier to navigate
Multistakeholder model has worked and will best serve into the future but model must
evolve to allow all stakeholders a voice
Majority of meetings take place in developed world. IG institutions should strive to
improve remote participation
Multilateral organizations should provide better transparency and accountability in their
decision making
Negative national initiatives to restrict information flows and require in country data
services could impede a country’s ability to uphold privacy while creating obstacles to
expanding online commerce and security risks, cutting off businesses and consumers to
cutting edge technology, harm domestic technology dependent industries such as banking
and manufacturing
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Data security and privacy are very real and urgent, however risks to global commerce and
the free flow of information is also urgent
Security of data is not a question of server location but what mechanisms are in place to
safeguard the data.
Submission 181 – IT for Change
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the NetMundial should not mention any kind of equal role that stakeholders have in public
policy making, and no actors should be given a veto over what issues may be taken up for
public policy development – these should be clear red lines
A large number of submission propose the equal role of all stakeholders, however certain
public policy making can only be undertaken by formally constituted political authorities
Multistakeholder participation expanding the consultative base of public policy, and
improving NGO participation making is positive for deepening democracy, however, equal
roles for all in decision making is grossly undemocratic.
There is a distinction between participation and deciding – big business should not get a
veto
Technical level functions need to be protected from ad hoc political interference, but still
need political oversight as per public policy principles
Submission 182 – Seth Johnson
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Internet Universality as an internet principle proposed by UNESCO but implementing a
universal policy by establishing rules that apply between networks can interfere with the
flexibility of the Internet platform.
The WSIS project fails to distinguish between the internet and other IP based networks,
including Next Generation Networks
It’s far better to stress a principle recognizing greater flexibility and interoperability
derives from the way the Internet Protocol enables interoperability between autonomous
network and then to consider functions proposed to be implemented as “universal”
principles
Submission 183 – NIC Mexico
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ICANN facing challenge of lessening its linkage to California law and deepening
globalization of IANA function, currently performed under US government contract
Increased government participation is evident, governments seeking to increase
engagement,
Through ITU, several governments pushing for ITU to take technical coordination
functions from ICANN. ITU state centric and only gives voice and vote to governments,
increasing risk of unilateral policies that may violate fundamental internet principles like
neutrality, free flow of data
Governments negotiating the TPPA changing IP and Internet regulation
Widespread government espionage – no internet user is safe
Principles should focus on
o Wide protection of human rights in the digital era
o Non discriminatory and inclusive access
o Right to access information and freedom of expression
o Effective competition in telecommunications, promote anti-trust policies
o Strengthen integration of the information society
o Telecommunications as a worldwide public service, understanding the Internet
does not fall within the realm of telco regulations and therefore needs
multistakeholder approach
o Inviolability of private communications – governments should limit their ability to
collect information on Internet users
o Multistakeholder participation on the basis of equal footing, equal voice, equal
participation
o Protecting consumers
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IGC should be the main forum – similar efforts at regional and national levels – renew IGF
for 10 years
ICANN should evolve to comprise a more international organization
All stakeholders should increase their accountability
International Organizations and governments should enhance their cooperation to
mitigate negative conduct
Technical community continue to improve cooperation based on their principles
Submission 184 - MIT
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ICANN in charge of coordination since 1998, founded with technical mandate but it’s
scope has substantially expanded, reaching the political and economic world
Structure where Internet users, companies, not for profits, RIRs, governments and treaty
organizations have a place to contribute but very few Internet users know what ICANN is
or does.
ICANN complex, not all internal bodies were created at the same time, therefore there is
not a unified document where the principles governing the work of ICANN are exposed
New IG system has to be able to evolve with the Internet, and the different actors in IG
have to understand their role in the process
Submission 185 - APC
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Provides a draft set of principles based on OECD, CoE, APC, IRPC, ISOC, UNECE, CGI.BR,
GNI
o Human rights and the rule of law The governance of the Internet must be based
upon, guided by and respectful of human rights, and particularly freedom of
expression, association and the right to privacy supported by the rule of law. The
Internet must remain open and inclusive so that users may benefit from all that it
offers.
o Resilience and interoperability The Internet must remain resilient and
interoperable, underpinned by international standards and associated technical
measures developed in open and inclusive processes
o Diversity The Internet is an open and inclusive medium that must respect and
promote diversity in all its forms.
o A global resource The Internet must remain an un-fragmented, scalable and
accessible global medium for the benefit of all.
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Provides principles for processes and participation in governance
o Transparency and accountability Decision-shaping and decision-making in
Internet governance should be open, comprehensible and accountable.
o Openness Internet governance processes should be open to interested parties,
accessible to all including those not present in person and should welcome and
encourage participation from around the globe.
o Inclusive participation Internet governance should be undertaken on a multistakeholder basis, enabling the full and equal participation of all stakeholders.
o Collaboration and cooperation Internet governance should be based on and
encourage collaborative and cooperative approaches to policy development that
reflect the inputs and interests of stakeholders.
o Empowerment of users Internet governance should have as a core driver the goal
of enabling users around the globe to realize their human rights and to access the
Internet to realize their social and economic potential.
o Distributed governance The Internet’s global reach is best served by governance
characterized by decentralized and multi-stakeholder mechanisms and
organizations.
Submission 186 JC
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IG cannot be assimilated under ICANN
Multistakeholderism is a tool invented by business schools to serve corporations and
cannot deal effectively with public policy making and social justice
Supports development of a World Internet Organization and Forum and a mixture
between WTO and WIPO dispute settlement
Submission 187 – government of Tunisia
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Governments have a role to play in safeguarding the public interest, specific
responsibilities in cybersecurity, compliance with law, protection of human rights IP and
cultural and linguistic diversity
Necessary to deepen issues of Internet regulation and interactions between tech and
public policy
Principles
o Free universal and affordable information
o Respect for human rights, including freedom of expression, privacy
o Net neutrality
o Improving cultural and linguistic diversity
Multistakeholder approach should be based on effective reciprocal interactions between
tech considerations and public policy
Accelerate globalization of ICANN
Strengthen role of GAC in ICANN decision making
Enable IGF to develop better implementation
Global model for fair and transparent management of critical internet resources, which is
a pubic good, including root server names and numbers
Strengthen national sovereignty under international treaties and the respect for privacy of
users
Develop mechanisms for tech transfer and capacity building for developing countries
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To bridge the digital divide, stakeholders encouraged t implement programs and funding
to support developing countries to expand Internet access to their citizens.