Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
Abstract
Many fish spend most of their adult lives in the ocean, however, several
reproduce in freshwater, rivers, and creeks. One of these species is the
Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a particular form of Rainbow Trout.
Steelhead Trout used to largely populate Malibu Creek. In 2006, for reasons
unknown to biologists, nearly all of the fish disappeared. The population went
from nearly 3,000 fish to almost 0. In 1926 the Rindge dam was built for flood
control and storage for water. This dam is no longer useful because the reservoir
is now filled with waste and debris. The dam leaves only 3km out of the 112km
creek for the trout to swim in. The 3km that is available for the fish is
contaminated. Our goal is to get the Rindge dam removed so the trout can have
more freedom. However, the habitat must be completely restored before the
dam can be safely removed.
Introduction
The Steelhead Trout population in the Malibu Creek has dropped, in the
span of ten years from around 3,000 adults to 0 adults, and is currently at around
50. This drastic change occurred due to a combination of many things. The
Rindge Dam is the main reason for this devastating problem. Now, this dam,
which has already caused so many problems, is not in use but it is still standing
tall. The dam is presently generating a dilemma, which is that it is not letting the
Steelhead Trout spawn. This is happening because of the unhealthy habitat
located near the dam. The gravel and ideal habitat for spawning is upstream
behind the dam where the fish aren’t able to reach, so the Steelhead Trout
community has been severely demolished. These problems are so severe that
Malibu Creek has been designated an endangered area.
The dam is located 2.5 miles north of Malibu lagoon (where Malibu creek
Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
meets the ocean). The Rindge family, primarily May Knight Rindge, built the dam
in 1925 for personal use. It was built to prevent the many floods that occurred in
the Malibu creek. The Rindge family sold the land, including the dam, to the city
of Malibu in the early 90’s. The city of Malibu has been considering removing the
dam, but the city does not have the money to do it. Removing the Rindge dam
could cost up to 72 million dollars. Removing the dam has benefits to the
environment as well as possible detriments. The benefit being that the river will
flow as nature intended it. The Malibu muck behind the dam will clear out, which
will lead to the solving of the biggest and most important problem; the fish would
most likely be able to spawn again in their regular natural habitat. The population
of the Steelhead Trout would increase in the Malibu area. This will not just
benefit the Steelhead Trout, but it will also benefit the many Steelhead-loving
fisherman living in the area. They have not been able to fish the Steelhead
Trout, due to the lack of fish, as well as discoloration, which was noticed in the
Steelhead Trout. If the Steelhead Trout population comes back, they will be able
to fish the lovely Steelhead. However, removing this dam could also cause some
significant problems. If the dam is removed, all of the unhealthy water and
pollution will flow into the ocean, which could possibly create new problems, such
as areas of hypoxia/dead zones.
Hypothesis/objectives
The main goal of our project is to abolish this dam. To accomplish this
crucial task, we will get people involved and aware of the dam, to ultimately tear
down the dam. We are going to do this by having our community sign a petition,
which we will bring to the Malibu City Council. This will be a great way to involve
the public, which will increase the chances of this removal project being put into
action. The more people who want the dam removed, the more likely the mayor
of Malibu, John Sibert will agree.
Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
Before we take this dam down, our goal is to find a way to make the area
behind the dam sustainable for the fish to grow and live. To do this, we will test
the water on either sides of the dam, to find the different types of macro
invertebrates, which will tell us the condition the water is in. If the outcome of this
task shows that the dam on the upper and lower side of the dam is unhealthy, we
must consider whether this project would be worth the money and effort. It is a
possibility that if this water were to flow into the ocean, microbes would be able to
break down the unhealthy water. This is a more plausible solution to this
problem, because of the massive size of the ocean. However, if the outcome
shows that the water is in a somewhat good/healthy condition on both sides of
the dam, none of these precautions would need to be put in to action.
There are many problems in the Malibu Creek that have resulted in the
decrease in population of Steelhead Trout. The main contributors to the
unhealthy habitat for the Steelhead Trout are nitrates and phosphates, large
rocks that have fallen in behind the dam and the silt resting on top of the rocks,
and of course the dam itself. Together the problems have resulted in the
extinction of the Steelhead Trout in the Malibu lagoon. We have identified these
problems and have come up with solutions.
The water behind the dam is filled with nitrates and phosphates. These
elevated levels of nitrates and phosphates result from horse farms, increasing
numbers of vineyards, large farms, pet waste, and leaking septic tanks. Also the
Tapia Water Reclamation Facility is not allowed to dump their water that’s full of
nitrates and phosphates into the creek with out it being treated for nitrates and
phosphates. There are standards that say how low your nitrates and phosphate
level has to be and the guidelines of what you can dump in the creek. The Tapia
Water Reclamation Facility meets all of the standards. We believe their
standards are too low. Even if they meet the standards they can still dump
overwhelming amounts of nitrates and phosphates into the water. Our solution to
the Tapia Water Reclamation Facility problem is that we would have them raise
Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
their standards so that they can dump very little or none at all. Another solution
to this problem is we would introduce a microbe that would be located in the tube
that the Tapia Water Reclamation Facility uses to dump their water into the river.
These microbes would eat the nitrates and phosphates and would give out
oxygen. Although some nitrates and phosphates are necessary for fish to live
because they help algae to grow, which is an important part of their food chain,
too much takes the oxygen from the water so nothing can live there, including the
Steelhead Trout. With the elevated levels of nitrates and phosphates the algae
population explode and over whelm the water. Our solution to prevent the horse
farms from contributing to the problem is that they will have to pick up the
manure and dispose of it properly. It would be illegal and they would be fined if
they do not comply. Big farms in Malibu would have to use an alternative pest
control system so that they don’t carelessly throw pesticides over the vast
amount of products and plants. We understand that they need pesticides so we
would give them an alternative.
If we take the dam down then all the rocks will stay there and/or trample
down to the ocean. If the rocks stay there, they will act like a dam to the fish and
they will not be able to pass them to go to the gravel where they need to spawn.
Silt also kills fish and Steelhead Trout cannot spawn when there is silt in the
water (Tara Triber, Friday, February, 10th, 2012). If it all flows into the ocean
then the big rocks will crush and disturb many different habitats. This would
throw off the whole eco-system and that would probably do more harm then
good. Our solution is to rent tractors from, West L.A. Equipment Rentals, Inc.
This would cost $308 per/day each and we would need about 10 per day which
would be $3,080 per day totally about $800,800 for the tractors. There will still
be an extra cost for the labor. The sediment we take out will be taken in trucks to
11744 Ellice St., Malibu, CA, 90265, a piece of land over looking the ocean. We
would take the sediment and turn it into a mountain we have called Mount Mykiss
and then we will put fertilizer and plant grass and plants on this mountain. The
cost of moving this will be about $300,000 and the cost if the permits and the
Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
plants will be $2,000 and the cost of the land will be $8,000,000. The estimate
total cost of this renovation will be $9,102,800.
Silt is a natural process. Silt is the same thing as sand. Silt gets to the
ocean through the rivers. It picks up little pieces of rocks and minerals and they
all come together to make silt/sand. Fish eggs cannot survive with silt on top of
them because silt suffocates them. The silt cannot get by the dam. In the winter
the water is sometimes high enough for the fish to get over the dam. When this
is the case the fish have no gravel to lay there eggs on so they lay them on the
rocks that have fallen in behind the dam. When there are fish eggs on the rocks
and the silt cannot get passed the dam, the silt rests on top of the rocks and the
fish eggs and suffocates them (Tara Triber, Friday, February, 10th, 2012). Our
solution is that once the dam is taken down then the silt will flush into the ocean
and no longer be a problem for the Steelhead Trout population.
The dam is towering 100 feet tall and it is not in use. It is the cause of many
of these problems, such as the rocks and the silt and also Steelhead Trout not
being able to spawn where they want to. They have now become nearly extinct.
After we remove the dam, which could cost up to 72 million dollars (Olivia
Damavandi, Malibu Times, Wednesday, December 17, 2008), then we will have
to get the trout population back. How we will do this is that we will install a fish
ladder. This fish ladder will take the fish from another creek and bring them to
the Malibu creek. The fish ladder could cost up to 4 million dollars (Bob Norberg
Monday, December 14, 2009). This would cost approximately 80 million dollars.
Methods and Materials
This research will be carried out by examining the habitat for the Steelhead
Trout on either side of the dam. We will achieve this by taking samples of the
Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
water in front of, and behind the dam. With these water samples we will be
testing for macro-invertebrates, nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen
levels. With the results of these numerous tests we will be able to tell the quality
of the water surrounding the dam. This information will be able to tell us if the
habitat is healthy for the Steelhead Trout, and if not, it will tell us what needs to
happen to make it an applicable habitat for the Steelhead Trout to safely life in.
The first measure we’ll take to complete our water-testing task is to
separate the macro-invertebrates into different petri dishes, categorized by their
specific species. By doing this we will be able to decipher the cleanliness and
diverstiy of the Malibu Creek in this current situation. This can be accomplished
because different macro-invertebrates can only survive in specific water qualities.
Some can live in extremely clean water, while some can live in less clean water.
After analyzing this data, we will be able to establish the cleanliness of the water
surrounding the dam, which will allow us to fix these problems.
Supporting Documentation
The Rindge Dam presents a blockage
when Steelhead Trout want to spawn. Photo by: Fiona Story
Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
This is a diagram of a Steelhead Trout.
Image by: Devin Dempsey.
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Damn That Dam
Restoring the Malibu Creek
Research Proposal
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Research Proposal
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