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Chapter 2 Lesson 1 What is Heredity?
Parents & Offspring
When living things breed, or (1) ____________ they make more of their own kind. A (2) ___________ is a form of a characteristic that not all organisms have in common. Traits are passed on through
(3)____________. Heredity is the process by which (4)__________are passed from parents to offspring. A (5)________ is a basic unit of heredity. Genes carry instructions for how a living thing will (6)
___________ and (7) _________. Every human has the same number and types of (8) __________. Different forms of genes cause people to have
(9)__________ traits. Genes are (10) ____________ from parents to offspring.
Traits
Most traits develop through a combination of (11) __________ and
(12)____________.(13) __________ is everything in your life. People around you influence your (14) _____________ and traits.
Variations
Genes affect characteristics such as (15) _________,(16)________, and (17)_________. Some characteristics are affected by(18) __________ genes. Several genes control (19) _____ color. Eyes usually are not just green or blue. There are many different variations. This is because of the many possible gene (20)_____________. You can’t change your eye color, but you can chance some characteristics by the way you live. Genes carry information for how (21)_____ you can be. However, what you eat and how you take care of your body also (22)_________ your height.

1. Why might a girl look like her mother’s father?
2. How does dyeing the hair influence the genes for hair color?
3. Why are there many different skin colors?
4. Summarize the process of heredity.

Lesson 2 What Are Some Life Cycles of Plants?
Plants from Seeds
Flowering plants grow from (1) _______. A seed forms when a egg is
(2) ____________. Each seed holds a tiny plant called an (3)__________.
The tiny plant stays inside the seed until conditions are right for it to
(4)_______. When the soil is warm and there is enough moisture, the plant will (5)___________, or being to grow. (6) ____________ is one stage in the plants life cycle. A (7) _______ _______ is all of the stages of living thing goes through, from the beginning of one generation to the next. When there is enough (8) __________, a seed swells and cracks open. Tiny (9) _____ begin to grow down into the soil. Inside the seed, the(10) _____ is surrounded by food. This food gives the plant energy to
(11)_____ until it can make its own food. After the roots being to take up water, a tiny stem pushes up out of the soil. Leaves begin grow, and the plant can now make its own (12)_____. A new plant, or (13)________, is formed. The (14)___________ __________ is the next stage of a plants life cycle. The (15) __________ __________ is the next stage of the life cycle. As birds and insects move from flower to flower, they
(16)_____________, or bring pollen to, the flowers. A pollinated flower grows into a
(17) _____ that surrounds the seeds. When animals eat the fruit, the seeds go through their (18)______________ systems. The seeds may be deposited far away from the parent (19)__________. Other seeds are spread by(20) ______.

Plants from Spores
Ferns, plants related to ferns, and other plants without roots reproduce by (21)______. Mosses are nonvascular plant that also(22)
_______ spores. First, fertilized (23) _______, or eggs that have joined with sperm, develop into(24) _________ plants. When those plants become adult plants, they (25)_______ spores. The spores are released into the moist
(26) _____________. They develop into new plants. During this stage, the tiny (27) _______ develop sperm and eggs. The sperm are
(28)____________ and swim to the eggs. They cycle starts over.
Other Ways for Plants to Grow
Sometimes, new plants grow from other parts of (29) _______ plants.
This kind of reproduction is (30) ______________. The new plant is a
(31)________. It is exactly like the parent because it has genes from only one parent. Some plants grow from a storage stem called a
(32)__________. (33)__________ is a way that people can make new plants grow.

1. After germination, which comes first- the flowers or the leaves?
2. After a spore-production plant grows, which happens first- spore release or egg fertilization?
3. Which comes first- a runner or a new strawberry plant?

Lesson 3 What Are Some Life Cycles of Animals?
Animal Life Cycles
(1)_____________ ____________ stage is when young need to be taken care of. Just as there are many different kinds of animals, there are many kinds of(2) _______ ______. Many animals change as they grow, but their basic(3)________ ______stay the same. Almost all animals come from(4) _________ eggs.(5) __________,such as kittens and humans, begin life inside a mother. (6)___________are mammals that don’t develop fully inside the mothers bodies. They need t stay in their mother’s
(7)__________ until they get bigger. Many (8)_______ lay eggs in nests.
The eggs have shells that (9)__________ the growing embryos inside.
Like birds, most reptiles also lay (10)______. Fish and(11)
_____________ lay their eggs in water.
Growth & Development
Animals grow and develop in different ways. The bodies of many animals change as they grow older. However, their basic (12) _______
_______ is the same as an adult animal. Spiders are also very tiny when they hatch, but they are otherwise like their parents. They get larger, but they don’t go through other major changes. The same is true of fish and other animals. This kind of growth is called (13) ___________
_____________. Shredding an outer covering is (14) ___________.
Animals grow at different (15) ___________. The stages in the human life cycle are (16)____________, (17)____________,
(18)_____________, and (19)________________.

Metamorphosis
Major changes in the body form of an animal during its life cycle are called (20)___________________. Butterflies, moths, bees, and flies undergo metamorphosis. An insect that changes completely from one stage to the next undergoes(21) ____________ _____________.
There are(22) ______ stages in complete metamorphosis. First, the insect(23) ________ an fertilized egg. A tiny caterpillar, or (24) _____, grows, then rolls up and becomes a (25) _____ in a chrysalis (cocoon).
The pupa changes to become the adult (26)_______. Some animals look like adults when they hatch but don’t have all the adults’ parts. This kind of change is called (27)_________ ____________.
1. How is a bird’s life cycle similar to a reptile’s life cycle? How is it different?

2. List similarities and differences between human adult and child stages.
3. Compare the life cycle stages of a moth with those of a grasshopper.