Department of Greek and Latin Studies INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRAECOAFRICAN AND AFRO-BYZANTINE STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG 27 0ctober – 1 November 2014 This Conference is sponsored by the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the Department of Greek and Latin Studies (University of Johannesburg) and the Institute for Afro-Hellenic Studies Thanks are also due to the Lyceum of Greek Women (and the Maria Katrakis Greek Archives of Southern Africa), the Jabavu Primary School (Soweto) and the International Kazantzakis Association, which all contributed to this Conference Organizing Committee Prof. B. Hendrickx, Prof. Thekla Sansaridou-Hendrickx, Dr Efi Zacharopoulou, Dr Savvas Kyriakidis Advisory Academic Committee Prof. V. Christides, Prof. Ch. Bambounis, Prof. Selamawit Mecca, Prof. Kizobo, Prof. C. De Wet, Prof. C. Lombaard, Prof. Louise Cilliers, Dr A. Tsakos, Dr Raita Steyn, Dr Luca di Campobianco, Mr Georges Stassinakis Advisory Supporting Committee Mrs Domniki Souris, Mrs Ava Papatheophilopoulou, Ms Annelie Dempsey CONFERENCE PROGRAMME Description An International Conference on Greco-African and Afro-Byzantine Studies (i.e. History, Civilization, Culture, Arts) will take place in October/November 2014 at UJ. With AfroByzantine Studies we understand the study of the African civilizations of which the development was influenced by Byzantine history and civilization (mainly late ancient and medieval North Africa, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia). Greco-African Studies refer to the study and teaching of Greek in Africa, cultural interaction between (Ancient and Modern) Greece and Africa. By extension Ancient/Medieval Africa itself can be combined with these themes, and Greek and African civilizations can be opened to each other. The conference will thus be a vehicle giving the occasion to its participants to relate and work together in order to further determine, assess, appreciate and promote high quality research on selected aspects of ‘Old’ African history and civilization in conjunction with Greece, mainly Byzantium. The Conference will greatly contribute to a better assessment, comprehension and appreciation of the great African Civilization of the past. Consequently, it will present an occasion to exchange views on our knowledge of its ideological, political, institutional, artistic and religious aspects. It will also pay attention to the evolution of Greek and African arts. Peer-reviewed Proceedings will be published. We are already negotiating with publishers. PROGRAMME AND THEMES Except indicated otherwise, all Sessions will take place at the University of Johannesburg (Kingsway Campus), Lecture Room C203 (‘Krugersdorp Room’) *Monday 27 October Opening session 14.30 Registration 15.00 Official Opening: * Addresses and Greetings: * Prof. Hendrickx, Chair of the Conference * The Dean of the Faculty of Humanities *Archbishop Damaskinos (Greek Orthodox Church) *Bishop Antonios Markos (Coptic Orthodox Church) * Diplomats/Other distinguished guests * Opening Lecture: 16.00 Prof. Vassilis Christides: “The Red Sea, a turbulent sea between Africa and Asia in the 6th c. AD”. 16.45 Discussion 17.00 Cocktail *Tuesday 28 October 9.30 – 12.30 Session: Ancient Civilizations in Africa Chair: Prof. W.J. Henderson Elizabeth Mary Brophy: Greek Kings as Egyptian Gods: Ptolemaic Cult Statues in Egyptian Temples Louise Cilliers: The rise and the fall of the cities of Roman Africa Meg Moodie: The prominence of Numidia during the Hellenistic Period Coffee break Luca Di Campobianco: Gazing at the tabula ‘Banasitana’: an example of metaphorical code? Jock Matthew Agai: The journeys of the dead: a comparative study of the ancient Egyptian and the Yoruba conceptualization of the human body 12.45 – 13.45 Lunch Break 14.00 – 17.30 Session: Greek and African Philosophy and Theology Chair: Prof. J. Wolmarans Morakinyo Olusegun : African Philosophy and Greek Philosophy: Beyond the 'Black Athena' debate Olasope Olakundi : Fracturing the Insularity of the Global State: War and Conflict in Moira Buffini's ' ‘Welcome to Thebes’ Coffee break Christo Lombaard: Mysticism in/ and the Old Testament: methodological orientation and textual examples Chris De Wet: John Chrysostom on the treatment of Household Slaves Angelos Nicolaides : The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and of All Africa – a historical review H.G. Bishop Antonios Markos : The Impact of African Christianity on World Christianity *Wednesday 29 0ctober 9.00 – 11.30 Session: Byzantium and Africa Chair: Prof. B. Hendrickx Kizobo O’Bweng-Okwess: The historical parallelism between the Emperor Constantine I and the King Kongo Afonso I, alias “Constantinus Novus” Savvas Kyriakidis: The Letter of the Mamluk Sultan al Nasir to John VI Kantakouzenos Thekla Sansaridou-Hendrickx: Miqdad and Mayasa: a Swahili Epic Romance with reference to the East-Mediterranean Byzantine-Islamic common cultural pool? Selamawit Mecca: Representations in Ge’ez Texts about Ethiopian Women: The Early Modern Genre of Female Saints’ Gädl and the Modern Biography of Bafna 11.30- 17.00 Visit to Soweto: 11.30 Bus leaves UJ for Soweto 12.30 Visit to Jabavu Primary School : The Principal, Dr Lindiwe Motsei, will welcome. Mrs Ava Papatheophilou (Head of Greek): Teaching Greek for the previously disadvantaged communities: problems and solutions. Programme by African Children: African and Greek songs and dances African Lunch Discussion time Visit to Regina Mundi church *Thursday 30 October 9.30 – 12.30 Session: Byzantium, Ethiopia and Nubia Chair: Prof. V. Christides Efi Zacharopoulou: The emergence of the state of Nobatia and the Roman Empire Vicky Savvidou: The problems of the increasing bibliography, mainly archaeological, for the study of the countries around the Red Sea in Late Antiquity Ben Hendrickx: The project and problems for the establishment of a catalogue of Royal Medieval Nubian Rulers Alexandros Tsakos: Literary manuscripts from Christian Nubia: the state of the research Mohamed Adam Abdalrahman Hamid: Medieval Sudan in Greek, Arab and Nubian sources 13.00- 14.00 Lunch Break 14.00 -17.30 Session: Afro-Byzantine and African Art Chair: Ms Annali Dempsey Raita Steyn: Afro-Byzantine Emperors and Kings as Protecting Saints and their Authority Symbols Amel Suliman Badi: The Greek Cultural Influence in Meroitic Art Jonas Nkadimeng: South African Rural Art within the spiritual Realm Arthur and Mpho Molepo Tanya Mungulwa: Limpopo Art and artefacts Nubian Exhibition presented by A. Tsakos Visit to Robert Hamblin Exhibition at UJ Art Gallery, introduced by Annali Dempsey *Friday 31 October 9.30 – 13.30 : Session: Modern Greek and Greeks in Africa Chair: Antonios Chaldaios: The Greek community of Tunis (XVI-XVIII): Aspects of its formation and commercial enterprise Alexandra Fefopoulou: The Role of the Greek Orthodox Religion in the Construction of Identity among the Greek Community of Lubumbashi, DRC Evangelos Mantzaris: Greek participation in South African national politics: 1898-1920 Allistair McDuling: What is the future of Greek in South Africa? Language shift and maintenance in the Greek community of Johannesburg Katerina Skoupra: The teaching of Modern Greek in South African secondary schools Th. Leontitsis: Art and Culture. Greek Education in the Diaspora 14.30 Official Lunch Afternoon: Discussion Group: Common Projects Conference participants are cordially invited at Vespers in the Patriarchal Greek Orthodox Church of Agioi Anargyroi (Kosmas and Damianos) at Triomf (Sophia Town) at 19.00. The Vespers will be followed by refreshments. *Saturday 1 November 10.00 Discussion Session: New Research and Publication Projects, with a.o. reference to the E. Pharos case. Further during this day, the Conference will move to the Lyceum of Greek Women (Pouroulion) at the Greek SAHETI School’s premises, where the session and discussions will be held in the Greek language ONLY 14.30. Minibus starts from UJ to Saheti 15.30 Arrival at Pouroulion and welcome by Mrs Niki Souris, President of the Lyceum and the Maria Katrakis South African Hellenic Archives Coffee and thee 16.00 Tour of Archives – Presentation by Niki Souris 17.00- 18.30 Session: Greek Communities in Africa Chair: Prof. B. Hendrickx Ch. Bambounis: Επτανήσιοι μετανάστες στη Νότιο Αφρική (19ος – 20oς αι.) P. Konstantopoulou and M. Dimitriadou: Για την εφημερίδα Κάϊρο (1873 – 1876). Father George Giannakopoulos: Ο Λόγιος, ιεροδιδάσκαλος Σάββας Παπαδανιήλ και το έργο του για τον ελληνισμό στη Νότιο Αφρική, Ζιμπάμπουε και Μαλάουι 19.00 Kazantzakis Function: G. Stassinakis: Ο Ν. Καζαντζáκης και η έλξη της Αφρικής Marilena Piperidis: On Semantics in Kazantzakis End of the Conference Snacks and Coffee Conference participants who are still in Johannesburg on Sunday 2 November are cordially invited to attend a service at the Patriarchal Greek Orthodox Church of Agioi Anargyroi (Kosmas and Damianos) in Triomf, followed by a Panigyri. THE CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS Jock Matthew Agai holds a BA in Christian Education (ETS- 1998-2002), an MTH in Historical Theology (University of Jos/TCNN -2002-2005) and is at present a PHD Candidate in History of Christianity – UKZN. He lectured at various institutions, published several articles in local and international journals, and has attended and participated in several local and international conferences. He is currently affiliated to the School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics, University of Kwa-Zulu, Natal. Amel Suliman Badi, Associate Professor at the University of Khartoum. Post-doctoral training, Humbolt University, Berlin 2003- 2005. Ph.D. in Ancient History, University of Khartoum, 2002, M.A. in Ancient History, University of Khartoum 1999, B.A. Honours in History, University of Khartoum. Specialization: Ancient History. She has published on the status of women in ancient Sudan and on Meroitic civilization in general. Antonios Markos (His Grace) (Magdy Sobhy Mikail Gerges) studied at the University of Cairo where he became a medical doctor. He went to work in Ethiopia as a physician before becoming a monk and he was ordained bishop in 1976. He is very active as a bishop, church organizer, missionary and educator in Johannesburg, where is the head of the Coptic Orthodox Church. He also has published many articles and several books in Arabic and English on the Coptic Church and theology. Charalambos N. Bambounis is a Modern Greek History Professor and Deputy Chairman in the Faculty of Education of Athens University. He has worked as a Visiting Professor at the University of Granada. He has been invited as a guest speaker at among others the Universität Bonn, the Universität Münster and the University of Louvain. Since 2014 he is Chairman of the Marasleion College of Education (Didaskalio) of Athens University. He has published 14 books and ca. 150 scientific publications, mainly referring to the history of 19th and 20th centuries. Elizabeth Brophy graduated with a doctorate from Keble College, University of Oxford in August 2014, with a thesis entitled “Royal Sculpture in Egypt 300 BC – AD 220: Context and Function”. Her most recent publication is in Current Research in Egyptology. She has taught at the University of Oxford, as well as taking part in outreach teaching programmes. Antonis Chaldaios is a PhD candidate at the Department of Greek and Latin Studies in the University of Johannesburg. He holds a M.A. in Social Anthropology and History. His research interests focus on the study of the Hellenic Diaspora in North and Eastern Africa. He is the author of the monographs a) O ellinismos tou Marokou. I elliniki paroikia 1904-2012 and b)I elliniki paroikia tis Tynisias, 16th-21st century. Vassilis Christides was awarded his PhD in “Near Eastern Studies” by Princeton University (1970). He was a Junior Fellow at Harvard (1967-1970), taught at Columbia University (1971-1977), Thessaloniki University (1978-1982) and Ioannina University (1989-1998). He received the Fulbright grant (1980 and 1996) for research at the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton) and the Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship (2002 and 2003) for research at Oklahoma University. He is currently Research Associate at UNISA and director of the Institute for Graeco-Oriental and African Studies (Greece). He has served as a Visiting Professor in several universities of the Near East, USA and Europe. Particular interests: navigation, about which he has organized several exhibitions. He is the chief editor of Graeco-Arabica and author of numerous articles and four books. Louise Cilliers (D. Litt. et Phil., Leiden University) was for many years professor and head of the Dept. of Latin and then of Classical Languages at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, and is at present an honorary research fellow of that university. She was for many years the editor of the national journal Acta Classica. Her main research interest is the texts of the 4th/5th century AD North African medical writers, on which she has published various articles and a critical edition with translation and commentary of Vindicianus’ Gynaecia. Chris De Wet is Associate Professor of New Testament and Early Christian Studies at the Department of Biblical and Ancient Studies, UNISA. He completed his doctoral degree in Ancient Greek in 2013 at the University of Pretoria, and his forthcoming book, entitled Preaching Bondage: John Chrysostom and the Discourse of Slavery in Early Christianity, published by the University of California Press at Berkeley, is scheduled to appear in mid-2015. He is also the editor of the Journal of Early Christian History. He is a specialist on the works of John Chrysostom, ancient slavery, and late ancient studies, especially in applying the critical theories of Michel Foucault, Michel de Certeau, and Pierre Bourdieu to late ancient and Roman studies. Luca di Campobianco got his first degrees from the University of Bologna and a joint PhD in Ancient History from the Universities of Columbia (USA) and Bologna (Italy). He then became a researcher at Bologna and in 2013 he moved to Johannesburg where he became a post-doctoral research fellow at UJ. He specializes in Roman history. Annalie Dempsey, Arts Curator at the University of Johannesburg (January 1997 – Present). Resposible for management and administration of UJ Art Collection , conseptualization and presentation of temporary art exhibitions by established and emerging contemporary artists and hosting of educational events pertaining to art exhibitions as well as marketing of all UJ Art Gallery activities. She is also a self employed artist and free-lance writer. Margaret Dimitriadou has graduated from the Commercial College of Athens “St. George”. She has a Certificate from the Greek Open University in “Studies in Greek Culture” and a Diploma of Postgraduate Study (National University of Athens), with specialization in History and Teaching of History, Folklore and Culture. She now continues her postgraduate studies at the Greek Open University, with specialization in “Orthodox Theology”. Alexandra Fefopoulou is a PhD student at the Department of Greek and Latin Studies of the University of Johannesburg. Previous studies: MA in Social and Historical Anthropology (University of the Aegean), Degree in Philosophy and Social Studies (University of Crete). Academic Interests: Diaspora, Identity, History of the Greek presence in Africa. George Giannakopoulos (Rev. Father) took his Teacher’s degree from the Pedagogical Academy in Athens (1983), a diploma in Byzantine Music from the Odeion (Piraia, 2002), BA Hons (Greek) from UJ in 2010, and BA Hons from the University of Athens (2014). He became an Orthodox priest in 2003.He does research on the Greek Community of Johannesburg.. William J. Henderson, classicist – philologist, BA, BA Hons, MA and D. Litt. (Stellenbosch), emeritus professor, UJ. Main research : Greek and Latin lyric poetry. Rated as an ‘established researcher’ by the NRF and author of numerous monographies and articles. Ben Hendrickx, Research Professor at UJ. He got his first degrees (Ancient History; Byzantine History and Civilization; Aggregation of Philosophy) from the University of Leuven, and his Ph.D. from Thessaloniki. Specialization: Byzantium and Afro-Byzantina (history, institutions, documents). He has received several international awards for his research, for which he was also knighted by the Belgian King. He has ca. 400 publications, among which 12 books. He is one of the editors of the Encyclopedic Prosopographic Lexicon of Byzantine History and Culture (Turnhout, Brepols, Belgium) and serves as editor or on editorial boards of several periodicals in RSA, Greece, France and Australia. He has been rated ‘an internationally acclaimed researcher’ by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. Kizobo O’bweng-Okwess is a well-known Professor at the University of Lubumbashi (RDC). He holds a doctorate from the University of Athens on ‘Africans in Byzantium’. He has published an important number of books on African history and the Congo as well as many articles on African politics and history, Byzantine history and Greek communities in Africa. He is also a Board member of several scientific periodicals Savvas Kyriakidis is a Post-doctoral Fellow (Byzantine Studies) at UJ. He first studied at the Democritus University of Thrace (Greece), and obtained his MA and PhD from the University of Birmingham. He published a book on Byzantine Warfare and several articles. He now works on a Late Byzantine project of warfare and mercenaries. Panayiota G. Konstantopoulou has graduated from the Faculty of History-Archaeology of the University of Athens and has obtained a Master’s degree in History and Teaching History (Athens University) and a PhD in History of Education from the University of Patras-Greece. She has worked as a Professor at Marasleio Teaching Centre (2007-2010), as well as at the post-graduate department of the University of Granada. She has participated in international and Panhellenic conferences and has published several monographs and articles. Th. Leontitsis is the acting Educational Attaché at the Consulate General of Greece in Johannesburg and is responsible for the Greek schools in the whole of Africa, Egypt and Libya excepted. He received his Degree in Pedagogy from the Academy of Athens, a higher teaching diploma from Marasleio, and he holds an MA from London University, with as theme ‘Art and Design in Education’. Christo Lombaard is professor of Christian Spirituality at the University of South Africa, in Pretoria; his research specialism is Biblical Spirituality. He holds doctorates in Religious Communications (North-West University, Potchefstroom) and Old Testament Studies (University of Pretoria). His most accessible publication is The Old Testament and Christian Spirituality (Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature, 2012), which was awarded the 2013 Krister Stendahl medal for Bible scholarship by the Graduate Theological Federation, USA. Evangelos A. Mantzaris (Prof.) is a Senior Researcher at the Anti-Corruption Center for Education and Research if Stellenbosch University (ACCERUS). He holds a PhD (Sociology) from the University of Cape Town, has published 7 full scale books, 19 chapters in books, 64 refereed journal articles, has participated in 55 national and international conferences and has presented lecture series at Oxford, Yale, Lehman College (New York), Panteios and the University of Athens in Greece. Allistair McDuling studied at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), where he obtained a HDE, BA Hons and MA (Linguistics). He received his PhD (Sociolinguistics) from UNISA. He has been teaching at school level and also at the Wits Language School. Arthur Molepo is a well-known South African actor, director and sculptor. He is best known for his performances in soap operas at SABC1 and eTV, and feature films as well as for his stage and musical acting at the Junction Avenue Theatre Company, the Market Theatre and other venues. He is now producing a play on the plight of albinos in South Africa. He is the father of the also well known Mpho Molepo. Meg Moodie has a BA Language and Culture from Stellenbosch University (2008 - 2010), an MPhil in Ancient Cultures from Stellenbosch University (2011 - 2012) and a MSc in Classical Art and Archaeology from the University of Edinburgh (2013/2014). Tanya Mungulwa has studied in Venda. As a Lemba she soon became involved in the cultural activities of her people. She lead several art and artifacts programmes, involving local training especially in the Limpopo region and has received several national grants for completing her work. Mohamed Adam Abdalrahman Hamid, Ass. Professor in the University of Khartoum. Specialist in medieval Sudanese History and Culture. Olusegun Morakinyo is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg. He has a B.A (honours) Philosophy, OAU, Nigeria, MSc. Equality studies, UCD, Ireland, and PhD History, UWC, South Africa. His research focuses on notions of Africa in philosophy and the history of African philosophy. Lindiwe Motsei is the Principal of Jabavu East Primary School in Soweto. She is holding a BSc Hon. degree in Curriculum Design from UNISA, a Master’s degree in Curriculum Design from RAU as well as a PhD degree in Sciences from Pretoria University. Olasope Olakunde (Nigeria) Angelos Nicolaides (Rev.), Professor at UNISA (Corporate Governance, Business Ethics, Stakeholder Management). Qualifications: D Com (Business Management),D Phil (History),DTh (Pastoral Theology). Prior to joining SBL, he was employed at UJ as well as at Vaal University of Technology. He is a member of the International Institute for Public Ethics, the Ethics Institute of South Africa, the Institute of Management Scientists, a Senior Member of SAQI and a member of the SABPP (Master HR Practitioner-Education and Training) and consults with both SMMEs and Corporations. He serves on the editorial boards of a number of international journals. He publishes widely and was the Highly Commended Winner at the Emerald Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2007. Jonas Nkadimeng studied at the University of the Witwatersrand, where he obtained a BA Hons in Visual Art and at Limpopo College, where he obtained an Education Diploma. Education Specialist Tshwane South district C. He is Senior (FET-Arts), Ava (Barbara) Papatheophilou is a cultural activist and educationist. Educated in Greece, she holds a degree in theatrical studies and acting. In 1993 she qualified as a Practitioner of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). In 1994 she designed for her Master Practitioner of NLP qualification, the community based educational programme “Friends of Cultural Interactions Project” (F.C.I.P), aiming at the welfare and the holistic development of African children and the intercultural relations and co-operation between Greeks and S. Africans. She is a founder of the “Greek South African Cultural interactions Association” (GSACIA), the Educational Institute “Cultural Interactions Project” (CIP) and the S. African Society for Greek Philosophy and the Humanities (SASGPH). From 1985 to 1993 she worked as a teacher of the Greek language at Hellenic Community schools and from 1994 as a teacher of Greek language and civilization in order to promote the ideals of Hellenism in the previously disadvantaged communities. Marilena Piperidis is lecturer at UJ and responsible for Modern Greek teaching at this University. Aftrer having received her BA from the University of the Witwatersrand, she obtained an MA from RAU and is now preparing her PhD on Kazantzakis at UJ. She specializes in Modern Greek literature and is also active in Greek Community programmes. Selamawit Mecca is Assist. Professor and Acting Head of the Department of Amharic Language, Literature and Folklore at Addis Ababa University and a research-fellow in the Department of Greek and Latin Studies at UJ. She studied literature, languages and Amharic at Addis Abeba and received awards from the French Centre for Ethiopian studies and the School of Oriental and African Studies (London University). She is finalizing her doctorate on Ehtiopian hagiography and the representations of Ethiopian women saints in the medieval period. Currently she is also doing research on the narratives of royal women in early modern Ethiopia. She has published nationally and internationally on Ethiopian women saints and has been acclaimed as a specialist in the field. Thekla Sansaridou-Hendrickx is Associate Professor in Greek Studies at UJ. She obtained her BA, BA Hons and Ph.D from the Rand Afrikaans University and her MA from the University of the Freestate. She published several books and ca. 100 articles in national and international periodicals. She specializes in Byzantine chronicles and ethnicity. She co-edits the Encyclopedic Prosopographic Lexicon of Byzantine History and Culture (Turnhout, Brepols, Belgium) and she has been the co-editor of Ekklesiastikos Pharos (African series). She is rated as an established researcher by the National Research Foundation of South Africa. Evridiki (Vicky) Savvidou Christidou received her Master’s degree in Education from Columbia University (USA) in 1976. She specialized in the field of English as a Second Language and she has taught English in several schools in the USA and in Greece. As the secretary of the Institute for Graeco-Oriental and African Studies (IGOAS, Athens), she has undertaken the international correspondence of the Institute and has been the technical advisor of most of its publications. Katerina Skoupra obtained a BA (English) from the University of Thessaloniki and an MA (Greek) from UJ, where she examined the problems related to the teaching of Modern Greek in South African secondary schools. She has worked as a teacher for the Military Department of Education, Thessaloniki, Greece and for Greek public schools and institutions (19952009). Currently she is teaching Greek at the SAHETI school in Johannesburg, where she is seconded by the Greek Ministry of Education.. Georges Stassinakis is the founder and president of the Société internationale des Amis de Nikos Kazantzaki (Genève). He studied at the University of Bordeaux (Droit & Sciences Politiques). He was a lecturer at the Faculty of Law in Genève and then a juridical councilor at the C.E.R.N. (Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire). He is the editor of « LE REGARD CRETOIS» and has given seminars and lectures in 65 countries, mostly on Kazantzakis. He has the title of ‘Chevalier de l’Ordre National du Mérite’. Niki Souris (Mrs) is the President of the Lyceum Club of Greek Women in South Africa and is also in charge of the South African Maria Katrakis Hellenic Archives of Southern Africa. Raita Steyn obtained her BA, BA Hons and MA from RAU, and recently her Ph.D. on AfroByzantine (Coptic, Nubian, Ethiopian) iconography, symbols and political theory from UJ. She is lecturing Art at Abott College and has published a book and several articles. She is also chief provincial marker for design (Gauteng) and national external moderator for design (RSA). Alexandros Tsakos has studied in Greece and Belgium. He holds a Ph.D. from Humboldt University (Germany) on Greek manuscripts from medieval Sudan. He has worked as an archaeologist in Sudan and Greece. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bergen (Norway) with the project ‘Religious Literacy of Christian Nubia’. He has published an important number of studies on Nubian archaeology. J.L.P. (Hansie) Wolmarans is professor and Head of Department of Greek and Latin Studies (UJ). Philologist – theologian – linguist, BA (RAU), MA and BD (Pretoria University), PhD (Potchefstroom). He specializes in mythology, linguistics and NT Greek and has written an important number of national and international publications. Zacharopoulou Effrosyni was born in Greece. She has a degree in Ancient and Modern Greek Philology from the University of Athens. She received her Master’s degree in Greek from the University of Johannesburg with a dissertation, entitled The East Roman Christian Empire and the Kingdom of Axum. Political, Economic and Military Relations and Influences (ca 324 – 565 A.D.). She holds a Ph.D from UJ on Byzantine- Nubian relations. She has worked as a teacher in High Schools in Greece, Sudan, Libya, Ethiopia and the DRC and as a lecturer at UJ where she is currently a post-doctoral researcher. She mainly publishes on Nubia and Ethiopia.