Structure and function of subterranean gallery systems of soilfeeding termites Pericapritermes nitobei and Sinocapritermes mushae
Supplementary material
C.-I. Chiu • M.-M. Yang • H.-F. Li (Corresponding author)
C.-I. Chiu
Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Guoguang Rd.,
Taichung 40227, Taiwan
E-mail: tim77918@msn.com
M.-M. Yang
Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Guoguang Rd.,
Taichung 40227, Taiwan
E-mail: mmy.letsgall@gmail.com
Telephone: 886-4-2284-0361
Fax: 886-4-2287-8490
H.-F. Li
Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Guoguang Rd.,
Taichung 40227, Taiwan
E-mail: houfeng@nchu.edu.tw
Telephone: 886-4-2287-5567
Fax: 886-4-2287-5567
Table S1. Summary of five gallery systems of P. nitobei: study site information, node properties, and distribution of termite castes.
Gallery system
Coordinates
Underground object
Cell surface
material
No. of
nodes
Depth (cm)
No. of examined workers
(forager proportion)
PN1
(Dakeng, Taichung City)
24.1934°N;
120.7989°E
Fibrous root
Stone, fibrous root
Stone, fibrous root
Thick root, fibrous root
Thick root, fibrous root
Fibrous root
Thick root
Fibrous root
Stone, fibrous root
Fibrous root
Stone, fibrous root
Stone, fibrous root
Fibrous root
Thick root, fibrous root
Earthen
Earthen
Plastered
Earthen
Plastered
Earthen
Plastered
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Plastered
Earthen
Plastered
14
3
1
4
1
17
6
17
7
3
7
6
1
1
2.5 ± 0.8
3.3 ± 0.6
8.8
9.7 ± 1.3
11.0
3.2 ± 3.0
10.8 ± 2.9
3.5 ± 1.6
13.7 ± 10.0
3.0 ± 2.0
5.9 ± 3.9
8.8 ± 3.3
1.0
11.0
230 (61.7 %)
55 (23.6 %)
18 (33.3 %)
34 (35.3 %)
15 (6.7 %)
267 (64.4 %)
45 (33.3 %)
266 (53.8 %)
140 (35.7 %)
60 (58.3 %)
116 (35.3 %)
109 (40.4 %)
19 (78.9 %)
20 (20.0 %)
PN2
(Ermei, Hsinchu City)
PN3
(Huisun, Nantou City)
PN4
(Huisun, Nantou City)
24.6986°N;
120.9953°E
24.0916°N;
121.0351°E
24.0897°N;
121.0365°E
PN5
(Huisun, Nantou City)
24.0894°N;
121.0351°E
a L,
larvae; E, egg; K, king; Q, queen.
No. of nodes with nursed castesa
L: 1
L: 1, E: 1
L: 4, E: 3
L: 1, E: 1, Q: 1
L: 2
L: 2
L: 2
L: 6
L: 6, K: 1
L: 1, E: 1, K: 1, Q: 1
Table S2. Summary of seven gallery systems of S. mushae: study site information, node properties, and distribution of termite castes.
Gallery system
Coordinates
Underground object
Cell surface
material
No. of
nodes
Depth
(cm)
No. of examined workers
(forager proportion)
SM1
(Dakeng, Taichung City)
24.1934°N;
120.7989°E
Wood
Fibrous root
No object
Stone
Stone, fibrous root
Thick root
Thick root, fibrous root
Fibrous root
Stone
Wood
Thick root
No object
Stone
Wood
Stone
Thick root
Wood
Thick root
Wood
Stone
Wood
Thick root
No object
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Plastered
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Plastered
Earthen
5
5
4
6
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
5
3
2
2
5
1
2
1
7
1
2
1
10.4 ± 4.2
6.6 ± 3.8
10.1 ± 4.1
12.8 ± 3.3
4.0
9.0
8.0
5.0
4.5
10.5
15.0
5.4 ± 4.3
4.2 ± 2.5
12.0
5.0
7.8 ± 6.2
4.0
10.5
2.0
7.9 ± 5.5
3.0
7.5
11.0
95 (71.6 %)
100 (38.0 %)
80 (50.0 %)
120 (49.2 %)
20 (25.0 %)
20 (35.0 %)
35 (31.4 %)
22 (22.7 %)
39 (28.2 %)
29 (62.1 %)
27 (48.1 %)
59 (45.8 %)
59 (35.6 %)
40 (64.0 %)
40 (35.0 %)
100 (51.0 %)
20 (85.0 %)
36 (50.0 %)
20 (50.0 %)
88 (35.2 %)
20 (85.0 %)
40 (42.5 %)
20 (40.0 %)
SM2
(Huisun, Nantou City)
SM3
(Huisun, Nantou City)
24.0897°N;
121.0365°E
24.0910°N;
121.0302°E
SM4
(Huisun, Nantou City)
24.0784°N;
121.0298°E
SM5
(Huisun, Nantou City)
SM6
(Fushan, New Taipei City)
SM7
(Tungmaoshan, Taichung City)
24.0859°N;
121.0277°E
24.7611°N;
121.5834°E
24.1383°N;
120.9620°E
a L,
larvae; E, egg; K, king; Q, queen.
No. of nodes with nursed castesa
L: 3, E: 1
L: 2
L: 1
L: 2
L: 1, E: 1
L: 2, E: 1
L: 3
L: 1, E: 1
L: 4, E: 3
L: 2, E: 2, K: 1
L: 1, E: 1
Table S3. Locating the feeding sites of two soil-feeding termites, P. nitobei and S.
mushae. The associations between occurrence of underground objects and forager
proportion were analyzed by using linear mixed-effects (LME) models.
Dependent
variable
Species
Forager prop.
Likelihood ratio test
χ2
p value
P. nitobei
30.08
<0.001
S. mushae
27.82
<0.001
Independent
variable
Intercept
Fibrous roots
Intercept
Fibrous roots
Wood
Wald statistic
Coef.
Z
p value
0.34
0.24
0.41
-0.04
0.31
3.92
4.41
13.51
0.52
4.73
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.6
<0.001
Table S4. Locating the nesting sites of P. nitobei and S. mushae. The associations
between occurrence of underground objects and the nursed castes, larvae and eggs
were analyzed by using generalized linear mixed models.
Species
P. nitobei
Dependent
variable
Larva
Egg
S. mushae
Larva
Egg
Likelihood ratio test
χ2
p value
1.30
20.44
6.85
0.06
16.33
0.01
1.17
1.87
0.47
0.60
2.74
2.42
0.26
0.87
0.7599
<0.01
<0.05
1
<0.01
1
0.8379
0.5136
1
1
0.2940
0.3585
1
1
Independent
variable
Fibrous roots
Thick roots
Stone
Fibrous roots
Thick roots
Stone
Fibrous roots
Thick roots
Stone
Wood
Fibrous roots
Thick roots
Stone
Wood
Wald statistic
Coef.
Z
p value
-1.29
4.68
1.77
29.10
5.06
-0.12
-0.86
0.85
-0.39
-0.55
-15.17
1.45
-0.47
-1.04
-1.18
2.89
2.68
0.11
3.06
-0.09
-1.02
1.37
-0.68
-0.75
-0.02
1.53
-0.49
-0.85
0.717
<0.05
<0.05
1
<0.05
1
0.924
0.510
1
1
1
0.378
1
1
Table S5. The association between feeding and nesting sites of P. nitobei and S.
mushae. The correlations between occurrence of nursed caste and forager proportion
were analyzed by using generalized linear mixed models.
Dependent
variable
Species
Nursed caste
Likelihood ratio test
χ2
p value
P. nitobei
10.17
<0.01
S. mushae
2.33
0.1268
Independent
variable
Intercept
Forager prop.
Intercept
Forager prop.
Wald statistic
Coef.
Z
p value
0.73
-3.55
0.17
-1.82
0.88
-2.71
0.29
-1.49
0.378
<0.01
0.770
0.137