Review structure and function of eukaryotic cell and respond to questions
CELL STRUCTURE
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION
Cell Wall
Plant, Fungi,
& Bacteria,
but not animal
cells

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Cell Membrane

All cells


Outer layer
Rigid & strong
Made of cellulose
in plants
Made of chitin in
fungi
Plant - inside cell
wall
Animal - outer
layer; cholesterol
Double layer of
phospholipids with
proteins
Selectively
permeable



Support (grow tall)
Protection
allows H2O, O2, CO2 to
diffuse in & out of cell



Support
Protection
Controls movement of
materials in/out of cell
Barrier between cell and
its environment
Maintains homeostasis


Nucleus
All cells
except
prokaryotes



Large, oval
May contain 1 or
more nucleoli
Holds DNA


Controls cell activities
Contains the hereditary
material of the cell
Nucl
ear
mem
brane
All cells
except
Nucl prokaryotes
ear
Mem
brane
All cells



Surrounds nucleus
Double membrane
Selectively
permeable

Clear, thick,
jellylike material
(cytosol)
Organelles found
inside cell
membrane
Contains the
cytoskeleton fibers


Cytoplasm

Controls movement of
materials in/out of nucleus

Supports and protects cell
organelles
Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)


All cells
except
prokaryotes


Network of tubes
or membranes
Smooth w/o
ribosomes
Rough with
embedded
ribosomes
Connects to Golgi
apparatus, nuclear
envelope, cell
membrane
Rough ER: Protein production &
transport.
Smooth ER: Lipid and carbohydrate
metabolism & transport
Ribosome

All cells

Small bodies free
or attached to ER
Made of rRNA &
protein

Synthesizes proteins



Mitochondrion
All cells
except
prokaryotes

Peanut shaped
Double membrane
Outer membrane
smooth
Inner membrane
folded into cristae


Breaks down sugar
(glucose) molecules to
release energy
Site of aerobic cellular
respiration
Vacuole
Plant cells
have a single,
large vacuole


Fluid-filled sacs
Largest organelle
in plant cells

Small and round
with a single
membrane
Animal cells
have small
vacuoles


Store food, water,
metabolic & toxic wastes
Store large amounts of
food or sugars in plants
Lysosome
Plant uncommon
Animal common


Chloroplast
Plants and
algae


Green,
oval containing
chlorophyll (green
pigment)
Double membrane
with inner
membrane
modified into sacs
called thylakoids
Stacks of
thylakoids called
grana
interconnected
Gel like innermost
substance called
stroma

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
Found inside the

Breaks down larger food
molecules into smaller
molecules
Digests old cell parts
Uses energy from sun to
make food (glucose) for
the plant
Process called
photosynthesis
Release oxygen
nucleolus
All cells
except
prokaryotes


cell's nucleus
May have more
than one
Disappear during
cell division

Make ribosomes



Have a cis & trans face
Modify proteins made by
the cells
Package & export proteins

Movement



Movement
Golgi Apparatus
All cells
except
prokaryotes

Stacks of flattened
sacs
Cilia

Animal cells,
Protozoans





Flagellum
Bacterial cells
& Protozoans

Have a 9-2
arrangement of
microtubules
Short, but
numerous
Have a 9-2
arrangement of
microtubules
Long, but few in
number
Centrioles

Animal cells
Cytoskeleton


All cells
Paired structures
near the nucleus
Made of a cylinder
of microtubule
pairs
Made of
microtubules
microfilaments

Separate chromosome
pairs during mitosis

Strengthen cell & maintains
the shape
Moves organelles within the
cell

Eukaryotic Cells
Which organelle(s) match the below statements? You may use your handout.
1. Made of rRNA.
2. Contains stacks of thylakoids called grana.
3. Long, but few in number, microtubule projections on cell surface.
4. Moves organelles within cell.
5. Made of chitin in fungi.
6. Holds DNA.
7. Inner membrane folded into cristae
8. Made of a cylinder of microtubules.
9. Makes ribosomes.
10. Controls movement of materials in and out of cell.
11. Stacks of flattened sacs.
12. Provides cellular support.
13. Controls all cell activities.
14. Responsible for movement in the environment.
15. Site of aerobic cellular respiration.
16. Clear, thick, jelly like material.
17. Smooth does not have ribosomes
18. Stores wastes.
19. Synthesizes proteins.
20. Made of cellulose in plants.
21. Controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus.
22. Largest organelle in plants.
23. Digests old cell parts.
24. Holds organelles.
25. Made of a double layer of phospholipids and protein.
26. Short, numerous microtubule projections on the cell surface.
27. Barrier between cell and environment.
28. Aids in movement and making of proteins.
29. Contains chlorophyll.
30. Connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane.
31. Separates chromosome pairs during mitosis.
32. Surrounds nucleus.
33. Located in the nucleus.
34. Site of photosynthesis
35. Rough have ribosomes.
36. Modifies and packages proteins.
37. Contains cytoskeleton fibers.
38. Small round sac with single membrane.
39. Stores food and water.
40. Which organelles are present in plants but not animals?
41. Which organelles are present in animals but not plants?
Assignment: Sketch and label a eukaryotic cell. Include the following:
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton (Microtubules)
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Sketch eukaryotic cell and trace the path of lipoprotein assembly. Finish for
homework