STUDY GUIDE – EXAM V
BIOLOGY 1406 – Dr. Subramanian
Read about Topics listed below. Learn Concepts related to them.
Chapter 16 &17
Molecular structure of DNA, Base pairing rules, significance of complementarity and
antiparallel nature of DNA, Semiconservative replication
Process of DNA replication: Enzymes involved in DNA replication and how they are
important in leading vs. lagging strand, okazaki fragments
Importance of telomeres and telomerase in maintaining length of chromosome
Process which ensures accuracy of DNA replication (proof reading, maintaining
complementarity of bases by repair), Enzymes involved in proofreading and repair
Process of transcription (initiation (TATA box), elongation, termination), difference
between RNA and DNA, concept of gene, nucleotide relationship between DNA and
mRNA, mRNA and amino acids, codon usage, RNA polymerase,Process of translation
(initiation, elongation, termination), rRNA, tRNA, anticodon
Point mutation (silent, missense, nonsense mutations use examples), frameshift mutation,
Know the following terms, concepts and experiments: bacteriophage, plasmid, , genetic
recombination in bacteria, transformation, Griffith experiment, Hershey-Chase
experiment
Structural organization of DNA in chromosomes, nucleosomes, histone proteins, introns
and exons, RNA processing
Regulation of Eukaryotic gene expression: Heterochromatin, Euchromatin, transcription
factors, promoters, significance of 5’cap and 3’ tail,
Chapter 19 (pp381-389)& 27 (pp561-564) Lecture handout
Structure and genetic composition of viruses, examples of DNA & RNA (retrovirus)
viruses, Compare and contrast the three ways of genetic recombination in bacteria
Chapter 20 lecture handout
Restriction enzymes, process of cloning, identifying recombinant plasmids in bacteria,
Expression of Eukaryotic genes in Bacteria, making complementary DNA for a
eukaryotic gene, DNA gel electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Process of
DNA profiling, Examples of application of DNA technology,