Forsking på nanopartiklar i gruveavfall, og andre tilfeldig produserte nanopartiklar
m.l. 27.01.2014
Det er på tide å vurdere spørsmålet om nanopartiklar frå gruveindustrien. (Manilauniversity
Filippinene). (2010)
«Work to date on particle size has been confined to situations where there are agglomerations of
large particles, but has not considered “nanoparticles”, which may be important to consider in the
industries under examination.»i
Forsking som viser korleis ei blanding av naturleg forekommande og tilfeldig produserte i
gruvedrift til saman transporterer giftstoff. (2008)
«The review considers nanoparticles formed by natural processes in water and as unintended
consequences of human activity, such as mining or water treatment.»
«Meanwhile, humans are changing the natural nanoparticle distribution with no idea of the
consequences. For instance, attempted cleanups can mobilize contamination release downstream or
within a contamination plume through nanoparticle transport. And because contaminants are bound
to nanoparticles, stability and interaction of contaminants are different than what was once
predicted.»ii
Svensk forsking som omfattar nanopartiklar i vatn, tilfeldig produserte ved gruvedrift. (2009)
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nanoparticles (NPs) key properties in aquatic environments
manufactured NP characterization and nanoscale processes
natural NP sources - inorganic and organic
incidentally produced NPs in aquatic systems - mining activities and atmospheric deposition
of NPs;
nanoparticle analysis and characterization methods
NPs as catalysts with higher specific surface area (SSA)
NP catalyst; nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Brownian movement tracking
analytical test strategy in NP exposure assessment; fractionation method coupling and
selective and sensitive detection methodiii
Does size matter? Artikkel med mange referansar til vitskapleg arbeid som viser at det er dimensjonen som er det avgjerande, ikkje om nanopartiklane er bevisst eller tilfeldig produserte. (2013)
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«Incidental nanoparticles are produced as byproducts of some industrial or technological
process whose primary purpose is not to produce nanoparticles»
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«Because surface area is generally correlated positively with chemical reactivity,
nanoparticles can dominate environmental chemical reactions.»
«There is also growing evidence that the structure and properties of nanoparticles change as
particle size decreases»
«The reactivity of metal-oxide nanoparticles also can change with decreasing particle size.
This was shown to be true for TiO2 nanoparticles, which, relative to bulk TiO2, exhibit
differences in photocatalytic reduction of cations»
«They play an important role in the transport of metal ions and organic
contaminants/pollutants in the environment»
«Perspectives on Nanoparticles in the Environment – Unraveling the structure and properties of
natural, incidental, and manufactured nanoparticles will continue to be an active research area in
Environmental Geochemistry and Mineralogy, particularly as novel approaches (e.g., Michel et al.,
2010; Gilbert et al., 2010) are employed and as we learn more about the ability of nanoparticles to
facilitate the transport of contaminants and pollutants and their health impacts on ecosystems as
well as the importance of colloids in the geochemical processes occurring during weathering and
erosion. Determining the structures of nanoparticles and nanoparticle surfaces is one of the grand
challenges of all branches of nanoscience because of the key role that structure plays in determining
properties such as reactivity.»iv
Tilfeldig produserte nanopartiklar omfattar partiklar frå gruvedrift. Sumvirkninga av naturlege,
tilfeldig produserte og bevisst produserte nanopartiklar er lite kjent, vanskeleg å vurdere, og det er
behov for forsking (2009)
v
Det blir produsert nanopartiklar tilfeldig gjennom mange prosessar, også gruvedrift, og ein må
utvikle kunnskap om samvirkinga mellom naturlege, tilfeldige og bevisst produserte nanopartiklar.
(2011)
«Minerals are the main repositories of the chemical elements in Earth's crust and thus are the main
sources of elements needed for the development of civilization, contaminant and pollutant elements
that impact global and local ecosystems, and elements that are essential plant nutrients. These
elements are released from minerals through natural processes, such as chemical weathering, and
anthropogenic activities, such as mining and energy production, agriculture and industrial activities,
and careless waste disposal.»
«Gaining this understanding is further complicated by the presence of natural, incidental, and
manufactured nanoparticles in the environment, which are becoming increasingly important due to
the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology.»vi
Referansar
i
2010 by the Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific (ANSA-EAP).
http://www.ansa-eap.net/assets/192/59-1-1_Extractive_Industry.pdf
ii
From nature to nanoparticles: How one Earth scientist has pioneered new thinking about our planet .
Research magazine, summer 2008. http://www.research.vt.edu/resmag/2008summer/nanop.html
iii
Manufactured Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2009.
http://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/102696-analysis-and-characterization-of-manufactured-nanoparticles-inaquatic-environments
iv
Mineral-Aqueous Solution Interfaces and Their Impact on the Environment. Geochemical perspectives, Vol 1,
no. 4 + 5 (oct 2012, feb 2013) page 611-626.
v
Environmental and human health impacts of Nanotechnology. Jamie R. Lead,Emma Smith. 2009. Wiley and
sons.
http://books.google.no/books?id=_Ly54EBKPEMC&pg=PA212&lpg=PA212&dq=%22incidentally+produced%22
+nanoparticles+aquatic+mining&source=bl&ots=xBKIdNsW8Z&sig=ZaZDR5V1Ce7Ilwtx3SqNoTBdXcA&hl=no&sa
=X&ei=iKLlUoGzI4SShQfThIHoCg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22incidentally%20produced%22%20na
noparticles%20aquatic%20mining&f=false
vi
Environmental mineralogy – Understanding element behavior in ecosystems. Gordon E. Brown , Georges
Calasc. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, Volume 343, Issues 2–3, February–March 2011.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071311000046