С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Kazakh National Medical
UNIVERSITY by S.D.ASPHENDIYAROV
КАФЕДРА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
БИЛЕТЫ ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
TICKETS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS
5-10% solutions of iodine are used for processing of wounds, abrasions and surgical field. What is the
volume of 5% alcoholic solution of iodine cans you making from 10 grams of crystalline iodine? The
density of the solution is 0.950 g / mL. Calculate the mass fraction, molal concentration: explain the
definition, write the formulas for calculating, symbols and units of measure values.
Calculate the mass of sodium chloride and water which needed to make 500 g of isotonic solution. What
are a solvent, and the dissolved substance in this solution? What is the mass fraction of sodium chloride in
the hypo-and hypertonic relative to plasma solutions? What happens when you place the red blood cell in
a hypertonic solution?
Calculate the buffer volume of blood serum (mol / L) of acid, if added to the 50 ml of serum 2 ml of
hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.8 mol / l. pH changed from 7.3 to 7.0. What is the role
protolytic buffer in the body? List the acidic buffer systems of the body, and specify their composition.
In pharmaceutical practice medicinal product collargol prepared in the presence of protective colloids. It
is a colloidal solution of silver salts protected lizalbinovic and protalbinovic acids. To compose the
micelles formula of silver sol, if a stabilizer is potassium argentat AgOK. Describe the structure of the
micelles. What factors the sustainability of this medicinal product?
In the kidney is functioning ammonia buffer solution. Specify the structure and calculate the pH of the
buffer solution containing 3.6 ml of 0.2 N ammonium chloride solution and 2.3 ml of 0.1 N ammonium
hydroxide solution (Kb = 1,74 ∙ 10-5). What reaction confirms if you add a small amount of a strong base
of ammonia buffer pH does not change.
When determining the albumin by reaction with bromocresol green to create a certain acidity of the
medium used acetate buffer solution. Explain why the addition of a small amount of strong acid or a
strong base pH does not change (with the reaction equations). Calculate the pH of the acetate buffer
solution prepared by mixing 50 ml of 0.050 N solution of acetic acid (Ka = 1,74 ∙ 10-5) and 30 ml of 0.1
N sodium acetate solution.
Micelles saliva is examples of lyophobic colloid particles, which are the smallest unit crystals of poorly
soluble calcium phosphate 𝐶𝑎3 (𝑃𝑂4 )2.schematically, imagine micelle structure, if the stabilizer is sodium
phosphate. What factors are influence the stability of the colloidal particles? What is coagulation?
Compare coagulating effect to the above sol solutions of sodium chloride and calcium chloride with the
same concentration
Potassium permanganate solution with mass fraction of 0,01% ÷ 5% used in medicine as an antiseptic.
Determine the mass of of the solute and mass of water, which are necessary for the preparation of 2.5 kg
of a 5% solution of KMnO4. What are biogenic elements? Macro-and micronutrients is "metal of life."
What biogenic elements are in complexes complexing living organism?
When acidosis as an emergency measure used intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate. In severe
cases, give up to 100 ml of 8.4% solution (ρ = 0,90 g / ml). How much sodium bicarbonate and water
contained in 250 ml of this solution? Write down the equation for the reaction that shows the mechanism
of action of sodium bicarbonate. What is acidosis and alkalosis?
Страница 1 из 7
С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Kazakh National Medical
UNIVERSITY by S.D.ASPHENDIYAROV
КАФЕДРА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
БИЛЕТЫ ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
TICKETS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS
Determination of storage times of medicines by the "accelerated aging of the dosage form" is based on the
rule of van't Hoff. The medicines are maintained at an elevated temperature for a while, and kinetic
constants. Calculate the temperature coefficient of the decomposition reaction of penicillin, if the rate
constant of the decomposition reaction of penicillin at 36oS and 41oS equal to 6 ∙ 10-6 s-1 and 1,2 ∙ 10-5
s-1. What factors and how the affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Preparations containing manganese sulfate (II), are used as stimulants eritropoeza, promoting
development and the formation of red blood cells. Calculate the volume of the solution with a molar
concentration equivalent to 0.01 mol / L, containing 1.51 g MnSO4. To calculate the molar concentration
of equivalent (give the definition, formulas for calculating, symbols and units of measurement values).
Transferase activity in the study method used dinitrofenilgidrazinovym phosphate buffer. For its
preparation is mixed 840 ml of sodium hydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L
and 160 mL of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate same concentration. Find the pH of the buffer
solution (Ka = 6,16 ∙ 10-8). What is the protolytic buffer system? What role these systems play in the
body?
Carbon monoxide CO forms a stable complex with hemoglobin, the compound that is the reason for its
poisonous of the organism. To prevent carbon monoxide poisoning should conduct its complete oxidation
to carbon dioxide. How to change the rate of the forward reaction 2CO (g) + O2 (g) ↔ ↔ 2CO2 (g), if: a)
to increase the concentration of carbon monoxide in 3 times, and b) reduce the amount of 5 times? What
is the kinetic curve? Draw the graph kinetic curves for CO and CO2.
Potassium chloride is used for hypokalemia, which occurs with vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged use of
diuretics. Calculate the mass of potassium chloride, contained in 0.5 liters of a 0.3 M solution of it.
Potassium is a macro element. Describe its biological role. What elements are called biogenic? Give
examples of other macroelements.
Hydrocarbonate buffer system is a basic buffer system of blood plasma. Its buffer volume is 70-80% of
the total buffer volume of blood plasma and other extracellular fluids. Give a structure and explain the
mechanism of action of bicarbonate buffer (molecular, long and short ionic equation for the reaction).
Which an acidic buffer solution has in the body?
Lugol's solution, which is used in otolaryngology practice to lubricate the mucous membranes of the
mouth and throat, contains 17 ml of water 1 g iodine and 2 g of potassium iodide. Calculate the mass
fractions of iodine and potassium iodide in Lugol. What is the solution, solvent, dissolved substance?
Describe the biological role of iodine.
To avoid disturbance of osmotic balance with intravenous injection used only isotonic solutions.
Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Is this solution isotonic to plasma is not
it? The osmotic pressure of blood plasma at 37 ° C is 760 kPa. What is osmosis? Examples of the use of
osmotic phenomena in medical practice
The deviation from the normal blood pH values 7.38 for it just a few hundredths of a unit causes a general
indisposition and a marked shift in the course of various physiological processes. Increase or decrease in
blood pH by 0.2-0.3 units can lead to coma, but with deviations of the order of 0.3-0.4 units is very likely
Страница 2 из 7
С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Kazakh National Medical
UNIVERSITY by S.D.ASPHENDIYAROV
КАФЕДРА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
БИЛЕТЫ ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
TICKETS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS
death. Calculate the pH of the blood serum, the concentration of hydrogen ions is 4,5 • 10-8 mol / l.
Compare this value with the value of physiological range of pH for the blood serum. Describe the
possible states of protolytic homeostasis (normal, acidosis, alkalosis).
Analysis of protein by electrophoresis is widely used in clinical biochemistry for diagnostic purposes. A
solution contains two proteins, the isoelectric points of which are 4.7 and 8.8. Which electrode will move
the molecules of these proteins by electrophoresis in a buffer solution with pH = 7.9? Which of these
proteins in this mediumceteris being equal, will be moved to the appropriate electrode with greater speed
and why? What is the isoelectric point of the solution low molecular weight substances? It is determined
by what methods?
Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.01 M potassium chloride solution at 310 K, if isotonic coefficient is
1.96. What will be the solution (hypo-, hyper-, isotonic) to the plasma? What will happen to the red blood
cells in such solution? The osmotic pressure of blood plasma is equal 760 kPa. What are osmosis,
hemolysis, and plasmolysis?
The phosphate buffer system plays an extremely important role in supporting the acid-base balance of
intracellular fluids, in which the content of phosphates 50-70 mmol / l. Give an structure and explain the
mechanism of action of phosphate buffer solution (molecular, long and short ionic equation for the
reaction). What components include acid buffer solution? List acid buffers the body
What value of pH can be divided electrophoresis two enzymes A and B, with isoelectric points 5 and 8?
What will be the signs of the charge of the particles of these enzymes at pH 4, 8, and 9? Explain how the
charged protein molecules in the medium more acidic and more alkaline than the isoelectric point.
Describe the electrokinetic properties of dispersed systems. Give examples of their application in
medicine and biology.
The constancy of the osmotic pressure (izoosmiya) physiological medium is a fundamental physical and
chemical requirements of homeostasis. Osmotic pressure of hemoglobin in water containing 62 grams of
hemoglobin per 500 ml of solution at 17oS, equal to 3.5 kPa. Calculate the molar mass of hemoglobin.
Give the definition semi-permeable membrane, diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure.
In clinical practice used 10% ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) for the withdrawal of syncope. Calculate
the ionization constant Kb ammonium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / l and the
degree of ionization of  = 0,01. Which buffer solution containing ammonium hydroxide? Give its
structure and indicate where it occurs in the body.
ATP and ADP are macroergic compounds that are able to splitting off of the phosphate groups with the
release of large amounts of energy. At 37 ° C enthalpy and Gibbs energy of ATP hydrolysis are ΔN0rtion = -20 and ΔG0r-tion = -30.5 kJ / mol, respectively. Calculate the standard entropy change for the
given conditions. Ekzer and endergonic processes. The principle of energy coupling. Isobaric-isothermal
potential as a measure of spontaneous biochemical reactions.
The solution of magnesium sulfate used as a vasodilator (dilates blood vessels). Calculate the volume of
0.02 N solution of magnesium sulfate, which contains 18 g of salt. Define the notions of macro-and
Страница 3 из 7
С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Kazakh National Medical
UNIVERSITY by S.D.ASPHENDIYAROV
КАФЕДРА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
БИЛЕТЫ ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
TICKETS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS
microelements organogenic. Which of them belong to macroelement? Describe the biological role of
magnesium and calcium.
Ammonia in the human body is one of the products of metabolism of amino acids and proteins, received
with the food or present in the cell as a reserve material. Calculate the pH of a solution of ammonium
hydroxide to the molar concentration of 0.00025 mol / L, if the degree of dissociation α = 0,01. Compare
this value with the normal pH of urine, which is 4,8 ÷ 7,5. Give the composition of the ammonia buffer
solution.
In laboratory practice for research purposes, the reaction can be carried out in a wider temperature range
than is the case in humans. The temperature coefficient of the biochemical reaction γ = 2,8. Calculate how
to change the reaction rate with increasing temperature to 400 C. Write the scheme of the enzymatic
reaction. The Michaelis-Menten equation. Graphic dependence of the reaction rate on the substrate
concentration. The order of the enzymatic reaction at low and high substrate concentration.
As chemotherapeutic anti-cancer drug is used platinum complex compound "Cisplatin"
(diaminodihloroplatina (IV)). Write the formula of the complex compound; describe its structure in terms
of the theory of Werner. Write down the expression for the constant instability and stability of the
complex particles. What is the donor-acceptor bond? Explain with an example.
Calculate the osmotic pressure of the protein with a relative molecular mass of 10 000, if the mass
concentration of 1.0 kg/m3 at the physiological norm (read izodiametrichnymi molecules, ie K = 1). What
is oncotic pressure? What is protein denaturation? Describe the factors that cause the denaturation of
proteins.
Write the reaction for the formation of tripeptide Leu-Pro-Glu (2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid,
pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, 2-aminopentandioic acid), to represent the structure of the peptide group.
Mark the acid-base nature of the environment of these amino acids. What universal reaction can open αamino acids?
Write the reaction for the formation of tripeptide Lys-Trp-Val (2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, 2-amino-3indolylpropanoic acid, 2-amino-3-metilbutanoic acid), to represent the structure of the peptide group.
Mark the acid-base nature of the environment of these amino acids. What qualitative reaction prove
peptide bond?
Write the reaction for the formation of tripeptide ASP-MET-GIS (aminobutandioic acid, 2-amino-4methyltiobutanoic acid, 2-amino-3-imidazolylpropanoic acid), to represent the structure of the peptide
group. Mark the acid-base nature of the environment of these amino acids. What universal reaction can
open α-amino acids?
Write the reaction for the formation of tripeptide Ile- Phe -Thr (2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, 2amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxibutanoic acid), to represent the structure of the
peptide group. Mark the acid-base nature of the environment of this amino acids. What universal
reaction can open α-amino acids?
Write the reaction of the formation of tripeptide Val-Cis-Trp (2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-aminoСтраница 4 из 7
С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Kazakh National Medical
UNIVERSITY by S.D.ASPHENDIYAROV
КАФЕДРА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
БИЛЕТЫ ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
TICKETS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS
3-merkaptopropanoic acid, 2-amino-3-indolylpropanoic acid), to represent the structure of the peptide
group. Mark the acid-base nature of the environment of these amino acids. What qualitative reaction
prove peptide bond?
Write the reaction of formation of internal salt, deamination, decarboxylation with the following
substances: a) lysine (2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), and b) histidine (2-amino-3-indolylpropanoic acid).
What are the reaction products? Note the acid-base nature of the environment of these acids.
Write the reaction of amide formation, deamination, decarboxylation with the following substances: a)
aspartic acid (amino succinic acid); b) tryptophan (α-amino-β-indolylpropionoic acid). What are the
reaction products? Note the acid-base nature of the environment of these acids.
Write tautomeric forms of ethyl acetoacetate. Prove through chemical reactions existence of both forms.
Write the reaction of decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid. What disease is being identified in the urine
and blood of its decarboxylation product?
Write the reaction scheme of obtaining colamine from the corresponding amino acid. Write the reaction
of formation of choline from the amino acid serine. Write the reaction for the formation of
neurotransmitter - acetylcholine. Biological role.
Write the equations oxidation reaction, formation of esters, deamination on examples: cysteine (2amino-3-merkaptopropanoic acid), threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxibutanoic acid). What are the reaction
products? Mark the acid-base nature of the environment of these acids.
Write pyridine derivatives: β-methylpyridine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide. What disease develops in the
absence or deficiency of vitamin "PP"? Which is a coenzyme nicotinamide? Why is the ability of this
coenzyme take part in redox processes? Write the scheme of its participation.
Adenine (6-aminopurine), tautomeric forms. Write the formation of AMP (adenosine-5'monophosphate), c-AMP (adenosine-3', 5'-cyclophosphate), ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Name the
types of bond, and their biological role.
Thymine (5-methyl-2,4-dioksopyrimidine) tautomeric forms. Formation of TMP (thymidine-5'monophosphate), a biological role. Mark the difference of N – glycoside and ester bonds in the
hydrolysis reaction.
Cytosine (4-amino-2-oksopyrimidine) tautomeric forms. Write the formation of CMP (cytidine-5'monophosphate), a biological role. Mark the difference N – glycoside and ester bonds in the hydrolysis
reaction.
Uracil (2,4-dioksopyrimidine) tautomeric forms. Write the formation of UMP (uridine-5'monophosphate), a biological role. Mark the difference N – glycoside and ester bonds in the hydrolysis
reaction.
Glucose. Enantiomers of glucose. Cyclo-oxo tautomerism (Formula Fisher, Haworth). The formation of
Страница 5 из 7
С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Kazakh National Medical
UNIVERSITY by S.D.ASPHENDIYAROV
КАФЕДРА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
БИЛЕТЫ ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
TICKETS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS
glycosides and esters formed by acetic acid and phosphoric acid.
Galactose. Cyclo-oxo tautomerism. (Formula Fisher, Haworth). The formation of the glycoside on the
example of galactose. Write the oxidation of galactose to galacturonic acid, followed by
decarboxylation.
Mannose. Cyclo-oxo tautomerism (Formula Fisher, Haworth). Obtaining -onic, -aric acids. Write the
hydrogenation reaction of mannose.
Cyclo-oxo tautomerism -D-ribofuranose and -D-deoxyribofuranose (formulas Fisher Haworth). Write
the reaction of formation of esters of -D -ribofuranose and -D -fructofuranose with phosphoric acid.
Fructose. Cyclo-oxo tautomerism. (Formula Fisher, Haworth). Write to the reduction reaction of
fructose. Name this product. Write to Haworth formula D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate.
The structure of the maltose. What are original monosaccharides and the resulting reaction formation of
glycosidic bond? Cyclo-oxo tautomerism. Does maltose reducing properties?
The structure of sucrose. What configuration are anomeric carbon atoms in residues D-fructose and Dglucose. Why sucrose is not capable of cyclo-oxo tautomerism? What reaction can distinguish sucrose
from fructose? Write the scheme of the reaction.
The structure of lactose. Name the original monosaccharides and the resulting reaction of formation of
glycosidic bond? Cyclo-oxo tautomerism. The hydrolysis reaction. Does lactose reducing properties?
What are the similarities and differences between sucrose, maltose reactions: 1) Fehling, and 2) the
formation of glycosides, and 3) the formation of ethers and esters?
Give the definition of the iodine number. Write the reaction of 1) 1 oleodipalmitin 2) 1,2-dioleopalmitin.
Which of these fats more iodine number? Why? What reaction can determine unsaturated compounds in
lipids.
Essential higher fatty acids. Write the structural formula for 1,2-dioleostearin and determine the
consistency of fat. Write the scheme of the reaction of alkaline hydrolysis of 1-palmitoyl-2oleoylphosphatidylserine, name the products of the reaction.
Write the reaction scheme of alkaline hydrolysis (saponification) of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl
glycerol.
What
are
the
reaction
products?
Acid
hydrolysis
of
1-palmitoyl-2linolenoylphosphatidylethanolamine. What are the reaction products?
Write the formation reaction 1-linoleodistearin in acidic medium. What are the products of hydrolysis.
Write and call reactions prove a genetic bond between nitrogen-containing substances in the composition
of phosphoglycerides.
Give an example (the formula) mixed of solid fat and name it. What determines the consistency of fat?
Страница 6 из 7
С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
Kazakh National Medical
UNIVERSITY by S.D.ASPHENDIYAROV
КАФЕДРА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
БИЛЕТЫ ДЛЯ ПРИЕМА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
TICKETS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS
Write the reaction scheme of acid hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, containing the remains of palmitic
acid and arachidonic acid.
Derivatives cholane (bile acid) shows the scheme reactions of cholic acid with taurine. Write the
reaction of the formation glycocholic acid. Explain the biological role of cholic, glycocholic and
taurocholic acids.
Страница 7 из 7