Study Guide Mods 1 & 2
1.
Which perspective would most likely explain anger as “an outlet for unconscious hostility?”
a. Social-cultural
b. Psychodynamic c. Behavioral d. Functionalist e. Biological
2.
The debate on the relative contribution of biology and experience to human development is most often referred to as
a. Evolutionary analysis
b. Behaviorism c. The cognitive revolution d. The nature-nature issue
e. Natural selection
3.
Which of the following professionals is also a medical doctor?
a. Psychiatrist
b. Psychologist
c. Clinician
d. Counselor
e. Biologist
4.
Which of the following psychologists would most likely explore how we view and affect each other?
a. Developmental
b. Biological
c. Social
d. Cognitive
e. Personality
5.
For behaviorists, psychological science is rooted in
a. Introspection
b. Observation
c. Cultural influences
e. Basic needs
6.
d. Growth potential
Which of the following psychologists would most likely conduct psychotherapy?
a. Biological
b. Clinical
c. Industrial-organizational (I/O)
e. Evolutionary
d. Cognitive
7.
The study of mental activity linked with brain activity best describes
a. Humanistic psychology
b. Gestalt psychology
c. Cognitive neuroscience
d. The psychodynamic perspective
e. The evolutionary perspective
8.
The first psychology laboratory, opened in 1879, belonged to
a. Charles Darwin
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Rene Descartes
e. William James
9.
d. Wilhelm Wundt
The _____ school of psychology focused on how mental and behavioral processes enable us to adapt and flourish.
a. Functionalist
b. Structuralist
c. Behavioral
d. Humanistic
e. Psychodynamic
10. The study of current environmental influences and the importance of satisfying the needs for love and acceptance
best describe which school of psychology?
a. Humanistic
b. Behavioral
c. Psychodynamic d. Structuralist
e. Functionalist
11. Which of the following is the best example of applied research?
a. Investigating basic human traits
b. Using psychological concepts to boost morale and productivity
c. Experimenting with how we perceive stimuli
d. Studying the changing abilities of a child from age 2 to age 5
e. Exploring the mind-brain connection in adolescents
12. Self-reflective introspection (looking inward) to discern the elements of experience best describes a technique used
by
a. Darwinists
b. Empiricists
c. Structuralists d. Behaviorists
e . Ancient Greek philosophers
13. Which perspective would look at how our interpretation of a situation affects how we react to it?
a. Psychodynamic
b. Cognitive
c. Biological
d. Social-cultural e. Evolutionary
14. The science of behavior and mental processes best defines
a. Philosophy
b. Cognitive neuroscience c. Basic research d. Applied research
e. Psychology
Mod 2
15. “Monday morning quarterbacks” rarely act surprised about the outcome of weekend football games. Their tendency
to believe they knew how the game would turn out is explained by
a. Overconfidence
b. hindsight bias c. intuition
d. illusionary correlation
e. lucky!
16. Which of the following demonstrates the need for psychological science?
a. Psychology’s methods are unlike those of any other science
b. Psychological experiments are less valuable without psychological science
c. Intuition and common sense are not always correct
d. Intuition can never be right unless applied scientifically
e. Psychological science can be used to answer fundamental questions about religion
17. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle regarding research on humans?
a. Researchers must protect participants from needless harm and discomfort
b. Participants must take part in the study on a voluntary basis
c. Personal information about individual participants must be kept private
d. The research must be fully explain to participants when the study is completed
e. It is never acceptable for a researcher to deceive a participant during the research
18. Researchers studying gender have found that
a. There are more similarities than differences between the genders
b. There are no significant cognitive difference between the genders
c. There are no significant emotional differences between the genders
d. Research tools are not capable of determining if there are true differences or not
e. Differences between the genders are becoming more pronounced over time
Free Response Question:
Psychology has a variety of complementary yet incomplete perspectives that help us understand behavior. How might each of
the following perspectives explain aggression?
Answer Key:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
B
D
A
C
B
B
C
D
A
A
B
C
B
E
B
C
E
A
Psychodynamic
The nature-nurture issue
Psychiatrist
social
observation
clinical
cognitive neuroscience
Wilhelm Wundt
functionalist
humanistic
using psychological concepts to boost morale & productivity
structuralists
cognitive
psychology
hindsight bias
intuition and common sense are not always correct
it is never acceptable for a researcher to deceive a participant during the research
there are more similarities than differences between the genders
Free Response
This would be a 9 pt question. Allow one point for an adequate discussion of each of the following concepts or terms from each
perspective.
Biological: Brain: different parts of the brain (need not name) are active when someone is acting aggressively;
heredity: some could have a genetic predisposition to act aggressively; temperament: some are born with a more
aggressive disposition than others
Cognitive: Thoughts: acting aggressively affects one’s thinking; interpretation: our interpretation of events could
affect aggressive behavior
Evolutionary: Gene survival: aggression might have facilitated survival and the subsequent passing of genes from one
generation to the next; natural selection of traits: from among chance variations, nature selects the traits that best
enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Social-Cultural: Different cultures: what is seen as aggressive in one culture might be seen as normal in another
depending on the context; situation: a situation might affect aggressive thinking and behavior
I would NOT expect you to write in the manner of the answers above, BUT
you need to be specific in your written response—providing specific
details and facts as well as being sure you explain how they support your
answer/response!!