Name: __________________________________________________________ Mr. Shalaby
Date: ___________________________________________________________ Anthropology
Period: _________________________________________________________ Collier High
The Study of Anthropology
Fields of Anthropology
Physical Anthropology

Physical (_______________) Anthropology seek the answers to two set of
questions:
1. Questions about the emergence of humans and their _____________ (the focus
is called human paleontology, or paleoanthropology).
2. How and why contemporary human ________________ vary biologically (this
focus called human variation).

In order to reconstruct human evolution, human __________________ search for
and study fossils of humans, prehumans, and related animals.

In addition to using _______________ records anthropologists also use geological
information on the succession of climates, ________________, and plant and
animal populations.

When _______________ the past of humans, paleontologists are also interested in
the _______________ and evolution of our closest relatives, other ___________,
such as apes, monkeys and chimpanzees.

Anthropologists, psychologists, and biologists who specialize in the study of
primates are called _____________________.

One especially popular subject of study is the __________________, which bears a
close resemblance to human ___________ and physical appearance, has a similar
blood chemistry, and is susceptible to many of the same diseases.

From primates study anthropologists try to find _______________ that are
distinctly humans, as opposite to those that might be part of the ____________
heritage. With this information, they may be able to infer what our
_____________ ancestors were like. The inference from primates are checked
against fossil records.

Physical anthropologists piece together pieces bits of information obtained from
different ___________. They construct _________ that explain the changes
observed in the ___________ record and then attempt to evaluate their theories
by checking one kind of evidence against the other.

The second major focus of physical anthropology is the study of human
______________, investigating how and why contemporary human populations
differ in ______________ or physical characteristics.

All living people belong to one species, _____________________, for all can
successfully interbreed. But there are much variations among human population.

Anthropologists ask questions such as:
1. Why are some peoples _____________ than others?
2. How have human populations adapted physically to their _________________
conditions?
3. Are some peoples, such as _____________ (Eskimos), better equipped than
other peoples to endure cold?
4. Does darker skin _______________ offer special protection against the tropical
sun?

To better understand the biological ________________ observable among
contemporary human populations, biological anthropologists use the principles,
concepts, and techniques of at least three other disciplines:

Human genetics: the study of human ______________, that are inherited.

Population biology: the study of __________________ effects on, and
interaction with, population characteristics.

Epidemiology: the study of how and why __________________ affect
different populations in different ways.
Cultural Anthropology

Cultural anthropology are interested in how population or ______________ vary
in their cultural features.

To an anthropologist, the term culture refers to the _____________ ways of
thinking and behaving in a particular population or society.
Archeology

Archeologists seek to
1. ______________ the daily life and customs of peoples who lived in the past.
2. Trace cultural changes and to offer possible ____________ of those changes.

The different between an archeologist and a historian is that a historian deals
only with societies that left ________________ records and limited to the last
___________ years of human history. Archeologists go much farther back in time.

Archeologists try to reconstruct history from the ___________ of human cultures.

Most Archeologists deal with _______________, the time before written records.

To understand how and why life has changed through time in different parts of
the world, archeologists collect ________________.
Anthropological Linguistics

Linguistics or the study of ______________ is an older discipline than
anthropology, but the earlier linguists _______________ on the study of
languages that existed for a long time.

Anthropological linguistics concentrate on the study of languages that has not
yet been _________________.

Because language must be ________________ in order to be studies, it does not
leave any traces once its speakers have ___________. Linguists interests in
reconstructing the history of unwritten languages must begin in the
____________, with comparisons of contemporary languages. On the basis of
these comparisons, they draw inferences about the kinds of __________ in
language that may have occurred in the past and may account for similarities
and ______________________ observed in the present.