Supplementary Information Online Resource 1 Physicochemical properties and PTM concentration in sediments during the dry season. Sample no Sampling Month Sampling Points pH OM % CEC (meq/ 100g) Cd (mg/kg) Cr (mg/kg) Cu (mg/kg) Pb (mg/kg) Zn (mg/kg) Odo-Iyaalaro 1D January 1 3.8 6.2 4.0 42.1±1.8 31±2.4 94.5±5.4 108±3 805±25 2D January 2 4.2 1.4 2.0 2.1±0.3 24.8±1.9 15.6±2.2 41.3±1.9 100±6 3D January 3 3.8 4.3 5.8 3.6±0.2 31.5±2.1 32.9±1.3 43.5±3.2 110±6 4D January 4 4.6 8.2 10.4 2.9±0.2 30.8±2.0 25.2±1.2 36±2.4 84.5±4.8 5D January 5 4.2 11.6 7.4 1.9±0.1 <17.5 15.9±2.6 25.5±1.7 64.5±3.2 6D January 6 3.9 16.4 7.5 8±0.5 29±1.5 62.2±2.3 54.8±3.7 266±8.4 7D March 3 3.1 5.1 4.2 4.8±0.4 102±3.3 54.4±2.3 45.3±3.7 157±3 8D March 4 2.8 7.8 11.2 1.9±0.3 <17.5 38.8±0.8 <15.8 75.2±3.4 9D March 5 3.9 10.2 14.6 21.3±0.6 <17.5 139±2 119±8 777±16 10D March 6 4.8 21 12.7 34.4±0.9 30.2±1.9 185±2 154±3 1040±5 11D November 3 5.6 0.8 3.8 <0.9 <17.5 29.3±2.2 19.7±0.5 53.1±2.7 12D 13D November November 4 5 3.3 5.0 5.9 6.1 6.8 7.7 <0.9 6.9±0.4 <17.5 <17.5 44.1±0.8 67.4±3.4 28±3.7 60.6±3.6 82.6±3.7 298±4.2 14D November 6 3.4 4.4 8.9 2.2±0.1 <17.5 48.6±1.1 43.1±3.7 165±3 Shasha River 15D January 7 5.3 5.8 9.8 <0.9 43.1±2.6 48.6±3.7 189 ±7 433±7 16D January 8 4.9 1.4 2.2 <0.9 24.2±3.2 42.7±1.9 24.5±2.4 87.6±3.2 17D January 9 4.3 2.1 3.2 <0.9 <22 33.8±1.6 32.6±2.1 43.6±1.9 18D January 10 5.2 0.8 2.2 <0.9 26.1±1.3 26.6±1.6 36.8±4.2 34.2±1.8 19D January 11 4.3 8.2 6.4 <0.9 <17.5 44.8±4.7 19.4±1.8 65.9±2.8 20D January 12 7.2 0.6 4.8 <0.9 <17.5 62.8±3.5 <15.8 40.2±2.5 21D March 7 4.9 4.8 7.6 1.2±0.2 56.7±2.8 78.5±4.2 93.4±5.5 467±17 1 22D March 8 5.2 0.9 2.4 <0.9 53.2±3.8 32.4±2.1 54.2±3.8 93.4±1.3 23D March 9 4.3 3.2 3.4 <0.9 26.7±2.6 28.6±1.9 56.8±5.6 74.6±2.9 24D March 10 4.6 0.9 1.8 <0.9 <17.5 15.9±1.9 <15.8 43.2±3.5 25D March 11 6.7 7.6 3.2 <0.9 <17.5 78.2±1.7 34.2±2.2 129±4 26D March 12 7.2 0.6 1.6 <0.9 <17.5 16.3±1.4 <15.8 20.1±1.2 27D December 7 5.7 1.4 7.8 <0.9 25.1±1.5 11.9±0.8 30.4±2.5 53±2.2 28D December 8 6.1 0.3 2.4 <0.9 <17.5 <2.8 <15.8 1.7±0.3 29D December 9 6.4 0.4 3.6 <0.9 <17.5 3.4±0.5 <15.8 9.7±0.8 30D December 10 5 1.6 2.4 <0.9 <17.5 16±1.6 <15.8 82.8±3.3 31D December 11 5.4 2.2 4.2 <0.9 25.1±1.5 17.7±0.9 <15.8 139±8 32D December 12 7.3 0.1 2.0 <0.9 <17.5 <2.8 <15.8 3.6±0.4 Ibeshe River 33D February 13 6.2 4.1 2.0 <0.9 <17.5 4.2±0.3 <15.8 20.7±2.2 34D February 14 5.8 6.1 3.2 <0.9 <17.5 332±11 <15.8 96.9±8.1 35D February 15 5.2 1.8 2.2 <0.9 <17.5 264±10 <15.8 98.3±2.1 36D February 16 3.7 0.4 2.0 <0.9 <17.5 4.2±0.2 <15.8 4.6±0.1 37D February 17 4.8 0.4 1.8 <0.9 <17.5 3.4±0.9 <15.8 6±0.5 38D February 18 6.5 0.3 1.8 <0.9 <17.5 3.6±0.2 <15.8 8.6±1.1 39D March 13 6.3 3.8 2.6 <0.9 <17.5 <2.8 <15.8 11.3±1.7 40D March 14 4.2 7.2 3.3 <0.9 32.1±1.3 246±4 <15.8 53.7±0.6 41D March 15 4.6 2.1 3.2 <0.9 <17.5 84.6±3.1 <15.8 45.9±2.1 42D March 16 3.9 1.0 2.2 <0.9 42.1±1.8 24.5±2.5 <15.8 10.3±1.2 43D March 17 4.6 0.6 2.0 <0.9 48.3±2.4 7.2±1.3 <15.8 7.6±0.4 44D March 18 4.8 0.4 1.6 <0.9 41.2±1.6 9.3±0.9 <15.8 7.6±0.2 45D December 13 7.4 3.6 3.4 <0.9 <17.5 15.7±1.5 26.3±2.2 158±6 46D December 14 5.7 4.1 4.2 <0.9 <17.5 13.7±1.1 18±3.3 43.3±1.1 47D December 15 4.6 1.8 3.2 <0.9 <17.5 13.8±1.3 <15.8 19.7±1.4 48D December 16 4.8 0.8 2.0 <0.9 34.4±1.2 14.2±0.7 <15.8 13.5±0.7 49D December 17 3.6 0.8 2.0 <0.9 25.7±1.5 68.2±2.4 <15.8 27.5±1.5 50D December 18 4.5 1.2 2.2 <0.9 <17.5 5.2±0.7 <15.8 13.1±1.2 2 Lagos Lagoon 51D December 19 4.5 3.5 5.1 <0.9 34.4±2.1 33.7±2.1 33.2±0.7 164±8 52D December 20 5.4 4.1 4.8 1.3±0.2 51.7±3.2 30±0.8 39±2.3 146±5 53D December 21 4.3 12.6 11.2 2.1±0.2 51.7±4.8 33.7±1.5 39±3.4 190±4 54D December 22 6.4 0.1 2.0 <0.9 42.5±1.3 <2.8 <15.8 1.3±0.1 55D December 23 6.6 0.5 1.8 <0.9 43.0±3.2 <2.8 <15.8 Results are mean values ± standard deviation for n = 3; < indicates a value below the detection limitī 3 14.8±1.9 Online Resource 2 Physicochemical properties and PTM concentration in sediments during the rainy season. Sample no Sampling Month Sampling Points pH OM % CEC (meq/ 100g) Cd (mg/kg) Cr (mg/kg) Cu (mg/kg) Pb (mg/kg) Zn (mg/kg) 1.4 11.3 12.3 15.7 5.1 7.2 10.9 15.3 2.9 4.5 8.1 7.5 5.2 8.6 12.8 12.6 4.2 10.2 11.2 12.4 4.6 7.8 14.2 11.8 <0.9 12.8±1.9 6.9±0.3 8.6±0.6 <0.9 <0.9 5.5±0.7 10.2±1.1 <0.9 <0.9 2.6±0.4 6.1±0.2 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 25.6±1.7 28.9±1.6 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 27.5±2.0 40.2±1.9 67.8±1.6 105±4 15.8±2.2 38.2±2.1 58.9±3.7 92.4±2.4 41.1±2.0 43.8±1.9 51.1±2.4 77.9±1.3 21.6±3.7 52.3±4.2 43.8±3.6 46.9±2.1 98.2±5.8 48.5±3.6 108± 3 89.7±4.8 59.5±2.7 48.5±3.6 58.2±3.2 86.7±4.5 18.7±2.8 68.3±4.5 105±10 224±22 134±11 64.3±3.6 264±8 197±13 64.8±5.9 59.9±2.9 190±7 377±5 6.6 1.6 2.6 1.0 1.2 0.4 7.4 0.9 3.8 0.8 3.1 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.3 8.2 3.4 4.4 2.3 3.8 2.2 10.2 2.4 4.8 2.2 2.8 2.0 6.4 3.2 3.6 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 1.4±0.2 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 140±3 112±8 34.2±3.3 <17.5 <17.5 26.1±3.8 47.2±3.8 35.5±3.2 29.8±2.8 45.5±3.3 25.9±2.2 <17.5 <17.5 40.7±2.4 25.6±2.1 106±2 33.8±2.6 15.4±2.1 28±0.4 15.9±1.1 23.8±1.3 98.6±4.3 <2.8 <2.8 26.8±2.0 54.4±4.1 44.2±4.1 27.9±1.9 <2.8 <2.8 202±5 44.2±1.9 67.8±3.5 39.2±1.1 <15.8 <15.8 75.2±3.8 18.6±1.4 43.2±1.5 19.9±0.8 35.6±3.2 <15.8 39±1.2 <15.8 <15.8 641±25 112±12 40.1±2.1 42.1±1.9 23.8±1.5 21.4±1.2 301±4 102±10 32.1±1.9 34.7±2.8 124±6 34.2±2.9 34.6±3.1 13±1.3 18.6±1.9 Odo-Iyaalaro 1R 2R May May 3 4 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R 8R 9R 10R 11R 12R May May July July July July September September September September 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 4.5 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.9 3.9 4.5 4.2 5.1 3.6 4.2 3.6 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 5.9 4.4 4.5 4.4 6.8 7.7 4.8 5.6 4.2 7.2 7.7 7.6 5.6 6.3 5.4 Shasha River 13R 14R 15R 16R 17R 18R 19R 20R 21R 22R 23R 24R 25R 26R 27R May May May May May May July July July July July July October October October 4 28R 29R 30R October October October 10 11 12 7.5 7.7 7.7 3.5 1.9 0.4 2.2 3.2 1.6 1.7±0.4 <0.9 <0.9 35.5±2.1 <17.5 <17.5 64±3.1 13.6±1.1 11.5±1.0 104±7 22.4±1.2 30.4±2.9 190±4 70.8±4.1 38±3.8 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 6.0 4.0 3.4 4.8 4.7 3.8 7.3 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.5 6.9 3.6 3.2 3.6 4.8 4.5 0.7 7.6 1.4 5.3 0.2 0.5 3.0 5.2 1.5 1.0 4.7 0.3 2.8 6.2 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.3 2.4 4.8 3.2 2.0 2.2 2.4 4.6 4.8 3.2 2.0 2.2 1.8 4.0 5.2 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.8 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 52.1±2.6 54.5±4.2 48.8±4.7 45.6±3.9 34.5±2.1 <17.5 37.2±4.2 35.9±2.1 33.3±1.6 <17.5 24.3±1.9 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 <17.5 <2.8 115±2 42.2±1.6 10.2±0.4 5.7±1.1 8±0.4 15.2±0.4 13.6±0.4 6.8±1.2 13.5±1.3 74.7±3.7 56.7±2.7 3.6±0.5 12.4±1.7 12.2±1.7 12.7±0.8 6.2±0.9 7.8±0.4 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 21.8±2.4 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 <15.8 17.6±2.0 24.8±1.0 10.5±1.3 33.1±2.7 6±0.9 11.2±1.4 57.5±0.9 54.2±1.2 21.8±0.5 18.5±1.2 45.6±2.7 16.8±0.9 7.8±0.4 18.2±1.2 12.2±0.7 11.1±0.8 9.7±0.4 7.3±0.3 49R July 19 4.6 3.7 5.4 <0.9 23.8±0.9 31±1.3 29.8±1.3 50R July 20 5.9 4.3 6.2 <0.9 28.1±2.4 16.5±1.6 39.2±0.7 51R July 21 4.4 10.8 11.0 <0.9 26.5±1.1 29.2±1.9 34.1±2.8 52R July 22 6.7 0.2 2.2 <0.9 45.6±0.8 4.2±0.6 19.2±1.9 53R July 23 6.5 0.1 2.0 <0.9 51.7±2.7 <2.8 <15.8 54R October 19 4.1 3.3 4.2 <0.9 34.4±1.8 35.2±2.8 33.2±1.8 55R October 20 7 4.4 4.4 <0.9 34.4±1.4 19.5±1.6 <15.8 56R October 21 4.1 9.8 8.8 <0.9 25.7±0.9 43±3.4 39±3.1 57R October 22 6.6 0.1 2.2 <0.9 51.7±1.9 <2.8 <15.8 58R October 23 6.4 0.2 2.2 <0.9 36.2±1.3 4.2±0.6 <15.8 Results are mean values ± standard deviation for n = 3; < indicates a value below the detection limit 146±6 112±5 223±2 16.7±0.9 43.3±1.8 238±14 142±11 246±11 1.3±0.3 13.2±0.9 Ibeshe River 31R 32R 33R 34R 35R 36R 37R 38R 39R 40R 41R 42R 43R 44R 45R 46R 45R 48R May May May May May May July July July July July July October October October October October October Lagos Lagoon 5 Online Resource 3 Grain size analysis of sediments collected during the dry season. Sample no % sand Odo-Iyaalaro 1D 31.48 2D 40.64 3D 54.44 4D 49.96 5D 42.26 6D 43.25 7D 73.31 Shasha River 15D 64.57 16D 95.81 17D 44.88 18D 77.67 19D 32.17 20D 77.08 21D 54.58 22D 79.42 23D 41.64 Ibeshe River % silt % clay Sample no % sand % silt % clay 29.89 24.52 12.85 16.06 27.37 28.81 10.68 38.63 34.84 32.71 33.98 30.37 27.94 16.01 8D 9D 10D 11D 12D 13D 14D 61.61 59.7 67.21 47.32 48.23 45.82 38.14 13.37 18.41 13.44 16.46 14.96 22.93 18.21 25.02 21.89 19.35 36.22 36.81 31.25 43.65 10.67 1.92 16.09 13.47 17.79 11.94 17.77 13.73 17.1 24.76 2.27 39.03 8.86 50.04 13.98 27.65 6.85 41.26 24D 25D 26D 27D 28D 29D 30D 31D 32D 77.67 32.17 74.08 58.83 95.20 91.02 67.15 79.29 97.66 13.47 17.79 11.94 17.84 2.40 2.78 17.94 13.37 0.35 8.86 50.04 13.98 23.33 2.40 6.20 14.91 7.34 1.99 33D 35.27 34D 46.44 35D 64.78 36D 75.67 37D 87.28 38D 96.71 39D 42.28 40D 54.20 41D 64.28 Lagos Lagoon 19.76 20.17 15.28 14.21 9.28 3.12 18.4 18.23 19.27 44.97 33.39 19.94 10.12 3.44 0.17 39.32 27.61 16.45 42D 43D 44D 45D 46D 47D 48D 49D 50D 93.35 82.81 95.08 29.7 19.78 93.88 54.03 68.21 46.98 6.47 12.36 4.92 17.53 13.92 3.32 34.71 19.92 32.17 0.18 4.83 0.00 52.77 66.30 2.80 11.26 11.87 20.85 51D 52D 53D 18.95 8.87 13.53 19.97 11.37 17.63 54D 55D 100.00 91.12 0.00 8.83 0.00 0.05 61.08 79.76 68.84 6 Online Resource 4 Grain size analysis of sediments collected during the rainy season. Sample no % sand Odo-Iyaalaro 1R 86.43 2R 57.85 3R 60.18 4R 63.62 5R 74.86 6R 59.76 Shasha River 13R 55.92 14R 50.79 15R 82.76 16R 76.68 17R 89.99 18R 96.04 19R 56.42 20R 77.72 21R 90.81 Ibeshe River % silt % clay Sample no % sand % silt % clay 5.18 14.95 15.31 11.37 7.28 18.21 8.39 27.20 24.51 25.01 17.86 22.03 7R 8R 9R 10R 11R 12R 55.23 57.18 80.36 59.14 54.03 57.90 25.15 27.21 7.88 11.58 20.35 13.13 19.62 15.61 11.76 29.28 25.62 28.97 17.05 17.61 8.56 13.61 8.87 0.70 19.20 16.54 7.26 27.02 31.6 8.68 9.71 1.14 3.26 24.38 5.74 1.93 22R 23R 24R 25R 26R 27R 28R 29R 30R 79.03 90.24 91.28 52.18 81.19 79.92 92.37 94.28 91.76 11.28 3.71 2.73 20.17 10.12 10.71 3.76 3.10 2.78 9.69 6.04 5.99 27.65 8.69 9.37 3.87 2.62 5.46 31R 1.09 32R 16.07 33R 98.95 34R 62.25 35R 98.59 36R 85.52 37R 30.21 38R 31.27 39R 82.61 Lagos Lagoon 6.71 20.70 1.05 16.82 1.34 11.02 18.24 46.01 7.52 92.20 63.23 0.00 20.93 0.07 3.46 51.55 22.72 9.87 40R 41R 42R 43R 44R 45R 46R 45R 48R 80.51 76.47 68.27 33.29 84.96 80.49 54.36 60.21 47.23 18.21 11.22 16.15 12.69 7.20 7.23 29.23 16.74 21.00 1.28 12.31 15.58 54.02 7.84 12.28 16.41 23.05 31.77 49R 50R 51R 52R 53R 18.21 19.27 20.12 1.12 4.18 10.54 5.41 18.26 1.24 0.06 54R 55R 56R 57R 58R 68.01 77.21 62.67 95.27 96.72 17.26 9.86 17.21 4.61 3.28 14.73 12.93 20.12 0.12 0.00 71.25 75.32 61.62 97.64 95.76 7