Exam 3 Review
Week 11.1
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader: Natalie
Course: BIOL 212
Date: 3/29/14
Chapter: 9, 10, 13, 19
1. A hormone is an example of what type of cell signaling?
a. Direct-intercellular
b. Contact-dependent
c. Paracrine
d. Endocrine
2. What type of cell signaling where cell junctions allow signaling molecules to pass
from cell to cell?
a. Direct-intercellular
b. Contact-dependent
c. Paracrine
d. Endocrine
3. Which is false about receptor activation?
a. It is a step in cell signaling
b. Signal causes a change in receptor shape
c. Involves binding a ligand to a receptor
d. Is not reversible
4. What are the three categories of cell surface receptors that respond to extracellular
signals?
a. Ligand-gated ion channels, steroid receptors, G-protein coupled receptors
b. Enzyme-linked receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels
c. Steroid receptors, enzyme-linked receptors, G-protein couple receptors
d. Ligand-gated channels, exocrine receptors, G-protein couple receptors
5. Which level of gene regulation is not present in a prokaryote?
a. Transcriptional
b. RNA processing
c. Translational
d. Post- Translational
6. Which level of regulation is the most common in prokaryotes?
a. Transcriptional
b. RNA processing
c. Translational
d. Post- Translational
7. Post-translation protein modification does not:
a. Involve reversible reactions like phosphorylation and acetylation
b. Involve permanent reactions like creation of disulfide bonds
c. Occurs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
d. None of the above
8. Which is not true regarding activator and repressor proteins?
a. Both bind in the promoter region
b. Both influence the ability of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
c. Activators bind to enhancers, repressors bind to silencers
d. Activators decrease the ability to a GTF called TFIID to bind to the TATA box
9. Which is not true of effector molecules?
a. They bind to regulate transcription factors
b. They can stimulate transcription
c. They can inhibit transcription
d. Are not involved in transcription
10. Which is incorrectly paired?
a. Stimulation of a transcriptional activator promotes transcription
b. Stimulation of a transcriptional repressor inhibits transcription
c. Inhibition of a transcriptional activator promotes transcription
d. None of the above
11. Which is not true of chromatin structure?
a. Chromatin is DNA + protein
b. Transcription is more likely to occur in a closed formation than an open formation
c. Chromatin packing affects gene transcription
d. Is an example of combinatorial control
12. Which of the following regarding histone modification is not true?
a. Affect chromatin compaction
b. Histones attract chromatin remodeling factors
c. Histone acetyltransferase promote an open conformation (DNA not as tight)
d. None of the above
13. Extracellular fluid was leaking between animal cells. You think that the cell is lacking
a type of cell junction. What type of junction is it?
a. Anchoring
b. Tight
c. Gap
d. Plasmodesmata
14. What is the likely mechanism by which a G-protein coupled receptor might
transduce and amplify a signal intracellularly?
a. By upregulating the expression of a transporter
b. By promoting the production of a second messenger
c. By degrading a repressor
d. None of the above
15. Which of the following cell junctions is not found in animals?
a. Anchor
b. Tight
c. Middle lamella
d. Gap
16. What benefits do hormone signaling provide for a multicellular organism?
a. Long distance cellular communication
b. Amplification of weak signals
c. Coordination of bodily functions
d. All of the above
17. Which of the following statements about epithelial cells is true?
a. Epithelia are only found on the outer surfaces of organisms.
b. Epithelia are a single cell layer thick.
c. Epithelia are tightly adherent cells.
d. All of the above
18. I am examining two different differentiated cells. Which is false?
a. The have the same genome
b. They have the same proteome
c. They appear different due to differential gene expression
d. None of the above
19. I want to do a study on humans but I do not know what model organism to use.
Which of the below is not a quality of a good model organism?
a. A short generation time
b. Low number of offspring
c. Easy to study
d. None of the above
20. Considering the development of a limb, which of these stages of development is
incorrectly matched?
a. Cell division- Growth and patterning
b. Differentiation- Specialized cell types such as muscles and bone
c. Apoptosis- Growth and patterning
d. None of the above
21. Pattern formation involves which of the following?
a. The expression of homeotic genes
b. Cell-cell communication
c. Gradients of morphogens
d. All of the above
22. Which of the following is not true about Bicoid?
a. It is a morphogen that regulates Drosophila embryo polarity
b. Mutation of its genes leads to embryos with two heads
c. the gene is transcribed in nurse cells and transported into anterior end of Oocyte
d. It is a transcription factor
23. Pattern formation involves which of the following?
a. The expression of homeotic genes
b. Differential gene expression
c. Communication of anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axis information
d. All of the above
24. The segment identity gene, Bithorax, determines that two wings form in the 2nd
thoracic segment, in the bithoraxt mutant, there are:
a. 2 wings at 2nd thoracic segment
b. 2 wings at 3rd thoracic segment
c. 2 wings at 2nd thoracic segment and 2 wings at 3rd thoracic segment
d. None of the above
25. A loss-of-function mutation in a Drosophila melanogaster gene called dorsal causes a
pattern defect in the fly embryo. Mutant embryos are completely dorsalized; that is,
dorsal structures form where there should be ventral structures. What does this tell us
about the normal function of the dorsal+ gene?
a. That it is required for producing dorsal structures
b. That it is not required for producing dorsal structures
c. That it is required for making ventral structures
d. That it is not required for making ventral structures
26. Which of the following is true concerning Hox genes?
a. Are a type of segment identity genes
b. Have a conserved order in all organisms
c. Control anterior-posterior body segment identities
d. All of the above
27. The figure shown above represents the chromosome locations and expression patterns
of homeotic genes in Drosophila and mice. Which of the following statements is
consistent with the information shown?
a. Mice have more Hox genes than Drosophila
b. The anterior to posterior expression patterns of Hox gene expression is conserved
c. The Abdominal B genes were likely duplicated multiple times over the course of
evolution
d. All of the above
28. Which of the following is false regarding transcriptional hierarchy?
a. Genes expressed at specific phase of development in a particular cell type
b. Progressive specification of cell identities
c. Transcription factors are not used in this process
d. Work with cell signaling and morphogens to get from a zygote to an embryo
29. Drosophila embryos have 15 segments. The identity is determined by which of the
following?
a. Bicoid
b. Pair- rule genes
c. Segment-identity genes
d. A transcriptional hierarchy of Bicoid/Gap genes/Pair-rule genes/Segment identity
genes
30. Which is the following stem cell types is capable of making a complete organism?
a. Totipotent
b. Unipotent
c. Multipotent
d. Pluripotent
31. Which is false regarding stem cells?
a. They are a self-propagating population of cells
b. Cell division produces 2 daughter cells: 1 stem cell and 1 differentiated cell
c. A transplanted embryonic stem cell would become whatever type of cell it was
transplanted into
d. It is impossible to reprogram adult cells to be pluripotent
32. In plant development, the following is not true of shoot apical meristems?
a. they only occur in embryos
b. they involve pattern formation, morphogens, transcriptional hierarchies,
progressive restriction of cell fate
c. they occur at the tips of shoots and roots
d. they are a self-renewing cell population (like animal stem cells)
33. Which of the below do animals and plants have in common in their adult
development?
a. Pattern formation
b. Tissue formation
c. Morphogenesis
d. Organ formation