MICROBIAL NUTRITION
CHAPTER 5
Rafia Hafeez
1. What forms large, golden colonies on blood agar?
a. Staphylococcus epidermidis
b. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
c. Staphylococcus aureus
d. None of the above
2. How many elements are required in large quantities by microorganism?
a. 10
b. 15
c. 10-15
d. 20
3. How can pure cultures be obtained?
a. Spread plates
b. Streak plates
c. Pour plates
d. All of the above
4. Which of the following are macroelements?
a. Ca, P, S, O
b. Ca, Mo, H, Mn
c. N, O, C, Zn
d. C, P, N, Co
5. Which of the macroelement contributes to heat resistance of bacterial endospores?
a. Mg 2+
b. Fe 2+
c. Fe 3+
d. Ca 2+
6. Which element is used as a cofactor for enzymes and electron carrying proteins?
a. Mg 2+
b. Fe 2+
c. Fe 3+
d. Both b & c
7. What is the role of micronutrients in human body?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Catalyze reactions
Limit growth of microorganisms
Maintenance of protein structure
Both a & c
8. Which part of nitrogen cycle involves the use of Mo 2+?
a. Dentrification
b. Nitrogen fixation
c. Nitrogen assimilation
d. nitrification
9. Vitamin B12 constitutes of :
a. Co 2+
b. Mo 2+
c. Mn 2+
d. Zn 2+
10. Bacteria growing in saline lakes and oceans require high concentration of _______ ions.
a. Mo 2+
b. Zn 2+
c. Na 2+
d. Both b & c
11. Autotrophs are capable of:
a. Oxidizing inorganic molecules
b. Deriving energy from electron transfer
c. Reducing inorganic molecules
d. Both a & b
12. What are the products of glucolytic pathway?
a. ATP + NADP
b. ATP + NADH
c. FAD + NADH
d. ATP + NADH + NADP
13. Which bacterial species can use over 100 different carbon compounds?
a. Leptospira
b. Actinomycetes
c. Burkholderia cepacia
d. Both a & b
14. Rock- eaters are also called as:
a. Lithotrophs
b. Organotrophs
c. Photolithotrophs
d. None of the above
15. Photolithotrophic autotrophs:
a. Use water as electron donor
b. Release oxygen
c. Use carbon dioxide as carbon source
d. Use carbon dioxide to release oxygen
16. Photoraganotrophic heterotrophs:
a. Oxidize reduced inorganic compounds
b. Derive electron for biosynthesis
c. Inhabitants of polluted lakes and streams
d. Derive energy for biosynthesis
17. Which of the following are capable of reducing inorganic compounds such as iron, nitrogen and
sulfur?
a. chemolithoautotrophs
b. Chemolithotrophic autotrophs
c. Photolithotrophic autotrophs
d. Both a & b
18. Which of the following nutritional classes have fewer microorganisms?
a. Photolithotrphic hetrotrophs
b. Chemolithotrophic autotrophs
c. Photolithotrophic autotrophs
d. Both a & b
19. Polluted lakes and streams are inhabited by:
a. Photolithotrphic hetrotrophs
b. Chemolithotrophic autotrophs
c. Photolithotrophic autotrophs
d. Both a & b
20. Chemolithotrophs are:
a. Autotrophic
b. Chemotrophic
c. Heterotrophic
d. Both a & c
21. Chemolithotrophs can:
a. Oxidize reduced inorganic compounds
b. Reduce oxidized inorganic compounds
c. Oxidize organic compounds
d. Reduce oxidized organic and inorganic compounds
22. Chemical transformations of elements involve:
a. Conversion of nitrate to nitrite
b. Conversion of ammonia to nitrate
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c. Conversion of sulfur to sulfate
d. Both b & c
________ Bacteria rely on inorganic energy sources and organic carbon sources
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Actinomyces
c. Begiota
d. None of the above
Lithotrophs are also called as
a. Organotrophs
b. Rock-eaters
c. Plant-eaters
d. None of the above
Mixotrophic microbes combine two metabolic processes. Which ones are these?
a. Chemolithotrophic + autotrophic
b. Chemolithotrophic +organotrophic
c. Chemolithotrophic + heterotrophic
d. Heterotrophic +autotrophic
Trace elements are required to be used as:
a. Enzymes
b. Cofactors
c. Oxygen source
d. Both a & b
____________ are used in biosynthesis and energy production
a. Minerals
b. Nutrients
c. Trace elements
d. carbon
Environmental factors affecting the successful cultivation of microorganisms involve:
a. Osmotic concentration
b. Oxygen levels
c. Temperature
d. All of the above
Micronutrients include:
a. Zn, Co, C, Ni
b. Zn, Mn, Mo, Co
c. Mn, Mo, P, S
d. C, O, S, P
The conversion of sulfur to sulfate is an example of:
a. Chemical transformation
b. Denitrification
c. Nitrification
d. Nutrient depletion
31. The conversion of ammonia to nitrate is an example of:
a. Chemical transformation
b. Denitrification
c. Nitrification
d. Nutrient depletion
32. Which of the following bacterium are involved in nitrogen cycle?
a. Rhizobium
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Enterococcus
d. Both a & b
33. Which of the following defines autotrophs?
a. Use carbon dioxide as their principle source of carbon
b. Reduce inorganic molecules
c. Derive energy from electron transfer
d. Both a & c
34. Which of the following defines heterotrophs?
a. Carryout photosynthesis
b. Use light as their energy source
c. Used reduced preformed organic molecules as carbon sources
d. Both b & c
35. What are mixotrophic microbes?
a. They combine chemolithoautotrophic metabolic processes
b. They combine heterotrophic metabolic process
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
36. Which of the following processes involves the use of macronutrients?
a. Catalyzing the transfer of phosphate groups
b. Protein synthesis
c. Association of regulatory subunits
d. Both b & c
37. Which of the following processes involves the use of micronutrients?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Heat resistence of bacteria
c. Nitrogen fixation
d. Stabilization of cell membranes
38. How many major nutrional groups are classified for fulfilling the nutritional requirements?
a. 5
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
39. Staphylococcus aureus forms ____________ colonies on blood agar
a. Small golden colonies
b. Large golden colonies
c. Golden colonies
d. Large and small colonies
40. What are Spread plates used for?
a. Pure cultures
b. To provide heat resistance
c. To make bacteria liable to extreme temperatures
d. None of the above
41. Calcium ions contribute to which property of bacterial endospores?
a. Pathogen resistant
b. Heat resistant
c. Cold resistant
d. Both a & c
42. Which of the following can oxidize inorganic molecules?
a. Heterotophs
b. Chemolithotrophs
c. Photorganotrophs
d. Autotrophs
43. Which of the following can derive energy form electron transfers?
a. Heterotophs
b. Chemolithotrophs
c. Photorganotrophs
d. Autotrophs
44. Sodium ions are required in high concentrations by bacteria growing in ______ lakes and
oceans.
a. Freshwater
b. Saline
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
45. Which process produces ATP and NADH as its end products?
a. Glycolysis
b. Krebs cycle
c. Citric acid cycle
d. photosynthesis
46. How many different carbon sources can the bacterial species Burkholderia use?
a. 50
b. 100
c. 150
d. 90
47. All the following are micronutrients except:
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a. Zinc
b. Molybdenum
c. Sulfur
d. Copper
All the following are macronutrients except:
a. Manganese
b. Carbon
c. Oxygen
d. Phosphorus
How many metabolic processes are combined by mixotrophic microbes?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
Begiota bacteria rely on:
a. Inorganic energy sources
b. Organic energy sources
c. Organic carbon sources
d. Both a&c
Autotrophs an heterotrophs are:
a. Organotrophic
b. Chemolithotrophic
c. Phototrophic
d. Photorganotrophic
Which macronutrient is involved majorly in protein synthesis?
a. Ca 2+
b. Mg2+
c. K+
d. Both a & b
Cell membranes and ribosomes are stabilized with the help of:
a. Fe 2+
b. Mg 2+
c. Ca 2+
d. Both c & b
Which carbon source does not supply hydrogen or energy?
a. Carbon
b. Methane
c. Glucose
d. Carbon dioxide
What do carbon sources normally contribute to?
a. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms
b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
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c. Oxygen
d. Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide
Why can’t carbon dioxide be used as an energy source?
a. It is oxidized
b. It is reduced
c. It lacks hydrogen
d. Both a & c
Reduction of carbon dioxide is:
a. Useful for providing energy
b. Energy expensive process
c. Produces much less energy
d. None of the above
Which of the following is a reduced form of sulfur?
a. Methionine
b. Thiamine
c. Cysteine
d. Biotin
How is sulfur reduced?
a. Assimilatory sulfate reduction
b. Assimilatory sulphuric acid reduction
c. Assimilatory sulfate oxidation
d. Both b & c
What is used by most microorganisms as a source of sulfur?
a. Thiamine
b. Sulfate
c. Cysteine
d. Methionine
Which carbohydrates need sulfur for synthesis?
a. Biotin , thiamine
b. Biotin, oatmeal
c. Thiamine
d. Saccharides, biotin
Which two amino acids require sulfur for their synthesis?
a. Systeine, alanine
b. Cysteine, tryptophan
c. cysteine, methionine
d. Methionine, tryptophan
How many transport system are there for phosphate movement at varying concentrations?
a. 3
b. 1
c. 2
d. 5
64. Pit involves:
a. ABC transporter
b. Periplasmic binding protein
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
65. Periplasmic binding protein helps in the phosphate transport during:
a. PST system
b. Pit system
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
66. Heterotrophs:
a. Use reduced organic molecules as carbon sources
b. Use preformed organic molecules as carbon sources
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
67. Which elements are required in large quantities for the growth of microorganisms?
a. N, P, S
b. N, C, S
c. S, C, O
d. O, P, N
68. Ammonia can be directly incorporated by the action of special enzymes? Which of the following
is not such an enzyme?
a. Glutamine synthetase
b. Glutamate dehyrogenase
c. Glutamate synthase
d. None of the above
69. Which of the following can reduce nitrate to ammonia?
a. Phototrophs
b. Nonphotosynthetic microorganisms
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
70. Which of the following processes of nitrogen cycle are carried out by Rhizobium?
a. Assimilation
b. Nitrogen fixation
c. Nitrification
d. Denitrification
71. What is the nitrogenase system used for?
a. Oxidation of nitrogen
b. Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
72. What are the sources of phosphorus?
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a. Nucleic acids
b. Cofactors
c. Cell components
d. All of the above
What limits the microbial growth in aquatic environments?
a. Low phosphate levels
b. High phosphate levels
c. Extremely high phosphate levels
d. No net change in phosphate levels
Phosphate uptake for which of the following organism has been extensively studied?
a. Cyanobacteria
b. Blue-green algae
c. E.coli
d. Both b&c
Which of the following is capable of using phosphate in inorganic and organic forms?
a. E.coli
b. Rhizobium
c. Both a & b
d. None
Which of the following organophosphates can be taken up directly by transporter proteins?
a. Hexose 6 phosphate
b. Pentose 6 phosphate
c. Alkaline phosphate
d. None of the above
Which enzyme helps in the production of inorganic phosphate?
a. Phosphatase
b. Alkaline phosphatase
c. Prganic phosphatase
d. All of the above
What is the site of hydrolyzation of organophosphates?
a. Germplasm
b. Nucleoplasm
c. Cytoplasm
d. Periplasm
79. How are hydrolyzed organophosphates transported?
a. Across the nuclear membrane
b. Across the plasma membrane
c. They stay at the site of production
d. They are transported through glycolytic pathway
80. What are the end products of glycolysis?
a. Pyruvate and ATP
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b. Pyruvate + ADP = Pi
c. ATP + NADP
d. ATP +NADH
How does inorganic phosphate outside bacterium crosses the outer membrane?
a. Transport proteins
b. Endosomes
c. Porin protein channels
d. Enzymes
What are the two transport systems for phosphate movement?
a. PST and Pit system
b. Phosphorylation and Pit system
c. Porin protein channel and PST
d. Pit and Porin protein channel
When does Pit system occurs?
a. Phosphate concentration is high
b. Phosphate concentration is low
c. Phosphate concentration is at equilibrium
d. None of the above
What does PST stand for?
a. Phosphate Specific Transport
b. Phosphorylation specific Transport
c. Photophosphoric specific Transport
d. Phosphate System Transport
Which system mediates transfer of low level phosphate concentration?
a. Pit system
b. PST system
c. ABC transporter
d. Both a & b
Which system has higher affinity for phosphate?
a. PST
b. Pit
c. E.coli
d. Both a & b
PST system becomes more imp when:
a. Phosphate concentration is high
b. Phosphate concentration is low
c. Phosphate concentration is at equilibrium
d. None of the above
Which system is used at high phosphate concentrations?
a. PST system
b. Pit system
c. Both a &b
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d. None of the above
Which of the following uses periplasmic binding protein?
a. PST
b. Pit
c. E.coli
d. Both a & b
PST system involves:
a. ABC transporter
b. Organophosphates
c. Periplasmic binding protein
d. Both a & c
Which of the following is an energy expensive process?
a. Oxidation of carbon dioxide
b. Reduction of carbon dioxide
c. Reduction of oxygen
d. Oxidation of sulfur
Magnesium is used to stabilize:
a. Cell membranes, ribosomes
b. Ribosomes, endosomes
c. Cellmembranes, cellwall
d. All of the above
Potassium is majorly involved in :
a. Stabilizing cell structures
b. Protein synthesis
c. Providing energy
d. Maintaining cell turgidity
Which of the following is not a correct statement:
a. Carbon dioxide cannot be used as an energy source
b. Reduction of Carbon dioxide is an energy expensive process
c. Carbon dioxide lacks hydrogen
d. Carbon dioxide is reduced so cannot be used for energy production
Cysteine is a reduced form of :
a. Sulfur
b. Phosphorus
c. Carbohydrates
d. Carbon
Which of the following requires sulfur for its synthesis?
a. Methionine
b. Cysteine
c. Biotin
d. None of the above
Thiamine requires sulfur for:
a. Its breakdown
b. Providing energy
c. Its synthesis
d. Both a & b
98. Which of the following is not a micronutrient?
a. Zinc
b. Carbon
c. Molybdenum
d. Nickel
99. All the following factors can affect the cultivation of microorganisms except:
a. Oxygen levels
b. Atmospheric nitrogen
c. Temperature
d. Osmotic concentration
100.
Nutrients are used in :
a. Biosynthesis
b. Energy production
c. Very small amounts
d. Both a & b
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Which of the following is not true about trace elements?
a. They are required to be used enzymes
b. They are used as oxygen sources
c. They are used as cofactors
d. Both a & c
102.
Which of the following can use preformed organic molecules as carbon sources?
a. Autotrophs
b. Heterotrophs
c. Chemolithotrophs
d. Both a & b
103.
All of the following are required in large quantities for the growth of microorganisms
except:
a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Sulfur
d. Phosphorus
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What is the role of glutamate synthase?
a. Indirect incorporation of ammonia
b. Indirect incorporation of nitrogen
c. Direct incorporation of ammonia
d. Direct incorporation of nitrogen
105.
Phototrophs can reduce:
a. Nitrite to nitrate
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b. Nitrate to ammonia
c. Ammonia to nitrate
d. Ammonia to nitrite
Which of the following use reduced organic sources as carbon sources?
a. Heterotrophs
b. Autotrophs
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
What are periplasmic binding proteins used for?
a. Oxygen transport
b. Protein transport
c. Phosphate transport
d. Sulfate transport
Which of the following requires sulfur for its synthesis?
a. Trptophan
b. Biotin
c. Thiamine
d. Methionine
Cell components are rich in:
a. Methionine
b. Phosphorus
c. Biotin
d. Sulfur
How do the low levels of phosphate affect the microbial growth?
a. Limits the growth
b. Increases the growth
c. Has no affect
d. Limits the increase after a high increase
All of the following serve as sources of phosphorus except:
a. Cofactors
b. Cell components
c. Nucleic acids
d. Carbohydrates
Which of the following is involved in the assimilation process?
a. Rhizobium
b. E.coli
c. Enterobacter
d. Enterococci
E.coli have been extensively studied for:
a. Oxygen uptake
b. Sulfur uptake
c. Phosphate uptake
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d. Reducing properties
Hexose 6 phosphate is taken up directly by:
a. Transport proteins
b. ABC transporter
c. Periplasmic binding proteins
d. Porin channel proteins
What is the role of alkaline phosphatase?
a. Production of organic phosphate
b. Production of organic and inorganic phosphate
c. Production of inorganic phosphate
d. Breakdown on inorganic phosphate
High phosphate concentration favours which of the following systems?
a. PST system
b. Pit system
c. PS I
d. PS II
Which of the following are hydrolyzed in the periplasm?
a. Organophosphates
b. Phosphates
c. Transport proteins
d. Enzymes
How many transport systems are there for phosphate movements?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 1
What are streak plates used for ?
a. Spread culture
b. Pure culture
c. Cell culture
d. Both a & b
Which of the following system is favoured by high phosphate concentration?
a. Pit
b. PST
c. PS II
d. Both a & b
All of the following are true about E.coli except:
a. It can use phosphate in organic form
b. It can use phosphate in inorganic form
c. Phosphate uptake by E.coli has been extensively studied
d. It is used for nitrogenase synthesis
Which of the following is not a product of glycolysis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
123.
a.
b.
c.
d.
124.
a.
b.
c.
d.
125.
a.
b.
c.
d.
126.
a.
b.
c.
d.
127.
a.
b.
c.
d.
128.
a.
b.
c.
d.
129.
a.
b.
c.
d.
130.
a.
b.
Pyruvate
ATP
NADP
Both a & b
Which of the following is not involved in the PST system?
ABC transporter
Organophoshates
Periplasmic binding protein
Both a & c
Cysteine is a reduced form of:
Carbon
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
What causes some of the species to alter their metabolic patterns?
Environmental factors
pH
temperature
osmotic concentration
which of the following is a nonsulfur bacteria
purple bacteria
blue-green bacteria
e.coli
cyanobacteria
which of the following occurs at low oxygen levels?
Photosynthesis
Oxidative metabolism
Both a & b
None of the above
Which of the following are not classified as mixotrophic?
Begiotoa
Nonsulfur bacteria
Purple nonsulfur bacteria
E.coli
Which of the following is not a property of purple nonsulfur bacteria?
They can act as photoorganotrophic heterotrophs
They can oxidize organic molecules
They can function chemotrophically
They are non-mixotrophic
When is being mixotrophic an advantage for the possessor?
For oxidizing organic molecules
When environmental conditions change frequently
c. For oxidizing inorganic molecules
d. Both b & c
131.
Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of:
a. Purines
b. Amino acids
c. Pyramidines
d. All of the above
132.
Choose the incorrent statement:
a. Many microorganisms can use the nitrogen from amino acids
b. Ammonia can be incorporated by glutamate dehydrogenase
c. Phototrophs can reduce nitrate to ammonia
d. Nonphotosynthetic microorganism can reduce ammonia
133.
Phosphorus is present in
a. Nucleotides
b. ATP
c. Phospholipids
d. All of the above
134.
Choose the correct statement:
a. All pathogenic microorganisms are chemoautotrophs
b. Only nonpathogenic bacteria belong to chemoheterotophs
c. Essentially all pathogenic microbes are chemoheterotrophs
d. Both b & c
135.
Which of the following microorganisms do not use photolithotrophic autotrophy as their
type of nutrition?
a. Algae
b. Nitrifying bacteria
c. Purple sulfur bacteria
d. Cyanobacteria
136.
Which of the following uses chemolithotrophic autotrophy?
a. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria
b. Purple nonsulfur bacteria
c. Cyano bacteria
d. Green sulfur bacteria
137.
Which of the following uses inorganic chemical energy source?
a. Photolithotrophic autotrophs
b. Chemolithotrophic autotrophs
c. Chemolithotrophic heterotrophs
d. Photorganotrophic heterotrophs
138.
Photolithotrophic autotrophy uses:
a. Inorganic hydrogen donor
b. Inorganic chemical energy source
c. Organic hydrogen donor
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d. Organic electron donor
Which of the following is not used by photorganotrophic heterotrophy?
a. Light energy
b. Organic carbon source
c. Inorganic hydrogen donor
d. Organic hydrogen donor
Which of the following is not a part of chemorganotrophic heterotrophy?
a. Organic carbon source
b. Organic hydrogen donor
c. Chemical energy source
d. Inorganic carbon source
Nitrifying bacteria belongs to the class:
a. Chemolithotrophic autotrophy
b. Chemorganotrophic heterotrophy
c. Photolithotrophic autotrophy
d. Photorganotrophic heterotrophy
Protozoa belongs to:
a. Chemolithotrophic autotrophy
b. Chemorganotrophic heterotrophy
c. Photolithotrophic autotrophy
d. Photorganotrophic heterotrophy
Which of the following use CO2 as the sole biosynthetic carbon source?
a. Heterotrophs
b. Autotrophs
c. Phototrophs
d. Chemotrophs
Which of the following use reduced inorganic molecules?
a. Organotrophs
b. Phototrophs
c. Lithotrophs
d. Heterotrophs
Which of the following include electron sources?
a. Organotrophs
b. Lithotrophs
c. Chemotrophs
d. Both a &b
Which one of the following is a function of biotin?
a. Transfer of acyl group
b. One carbon metabolism
c. Aldyhyde group transfer
d. Amino acid metabolism
Which of the following can be used as a precursor of FAD?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
149.
a.
b.
c.
d.
150.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Niacin
Thiamine
Biotin
Riboflavin
Which of the following require sulphur for their synthesis?
Few carbohydrates
Amino acids
Thiamine
All of the above
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Phototrophs use light energy
Chemotrophs carryout the oxidation of organic compounds
Heterotrophs use CO2 as the main biosynthetic carbon source
Lithotrophs reduce inorganic molecules
Which of the following extract electrons from organic molecules?
Lithotrophs
Organotrophs
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs