SPECIES FACT SHEET
Scientific Name: Craterellus tubaeformis (Synonyms: Cantharellus
tubaeformis, Cantharellus infundibuliformis)
Division: Eumycota
Subdivision: Basidiomycotina
Class: Agraicomycetes
Order: Cantharellales
Family: Cantharellaceae
Conservation Rankings and Status:
This species is not currently ranked by Natureserve or the Oregon
Biodiversity Information Center.
Type Locality: France
Technical Description: Morphological habit Chantrelle Cap 1-3 (5-8)
cm broad, convex to plane or broadly depressed, with an arched incurved
margin at first, margin finally spreading or uplifted and becoming
crenate to variously lobed, occasionally somewhat funnel shaped in age,
usually not perforated in the disc at first but frequently becoming so in
age, surface moist and more or less uneven, dark sordid yellow-brown.
Context membranous, yellow-brown to gray-brown. Hymenial surface
lamellar folds, decurrent, narrow and foldlike, dichotomously forked 1-3
times, yellow-gray to gray-brown. Stem 30-60 mm long, 3-7 (10) mm
thick, stuffed but becoming hollow and flabby, subequal, often
compressed or furrowed, glabrous, dark to pale gray-brown above,
usually off-white at base. Basidia 2-4 spored. Clamp Connections
abundant. Spores ellipsoid to ovoid, (8) 9-11 x 5.5-7 µm, smooth,
hyaline, inamyloid, spore print white to creamy white. Other hollow stipe
distinguishes it from other chantrelle like fungi.
Life History: Mycorrhizal and somewhat saprotrophic, Fruiting
primarily in the winter, and sometimes early spring (Oct-May).
Range, Distribution and Abundance: Known from Washington to
California, throughout the Cascade Range as well as coastal. There are
over 430 sites in Oregon and Washington, making this a fairly common
species.
FS/BLM lands in Oregon and Washington: In Washington, on National
Forest lands it is found on the Gifford Pincot NF, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie
NF, Okanogan-Wenatchee NF, Olympic NF. In Oregon, on NF lands it is
found on the Mt. Hood NF, Williamette NF, Umpqua NF, Deschutes NF,
Siuslaw NF. BLM lands, Medford, Coos Bay, Salem, and Roseburg. In
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California, on NF lands, Six Rivers NF, Klamath NF, and Aracta BLM.
Habitat Associations: C. tubaeformis mycorrhizae is documented on
primarily western hemlock, Pacific silver fir and on mountain hemlock
and occasionally Douglas fir, white fir and Sitka spruce. Occurances are
found at elevations 235 to 5753 ft. Likelyhood of detecting this fungi is
higher in the presence of large coarse woody debri, decay class 4 and 5
as well as the presence fungi species of Hydnum. This fungi can be found
on moist soil, often along streams or near springs or in bogs under
conifers, on or near rotten logs.
Threats: Craterellus tubaeformis requires western hemlock and
decomposedwoody substrates to thrive (Trappe 2001). It is vulnerable to
anything that threatens the forest habitat,including drought, insect
infestations, hot fires, road construction and development, and
clearcutting. Whatever threatens western hemlock and the woody
substrate will threaten Craterellus tubaeformis, which is imperiled by hot
fires, road construction or other development, and clearcutting. Moderate
to light thinning is not considered a threat however, heavy thinning has
shown some impact on mushroom production (Trappe 2001, Norvell and
Exeter 2003).
Conservation Considerations: Commercial harvesting could have a
local impact if the substrate is disturbed. This fungus is frequently
commercially harvested in all three states (Pilz et al, 2003) and
population longevity is unknown, although in Oregon one individual has
been sampled annually from 1998 (autumn) through 2002 (spring)
without apparent ill effect (Norvell & Exeter 2003). Consider buffering
known populations from management activities that include tree removal
and soil compaction or disturbance. Consider buffering populations from
wildfire or prescribed burns.
As a mycorrhizal species, Craterellus tubaeformis forms symbiotic
associations with the fine root systems of plants, growing out into the
soil matrix. Consider incorporation of patch retention areas (as described
in Standards and Guidelines 1994, C-41) with occupied sites wherever
possible.
Other pertinent information (includes references to Survey
Protocols, etc): The survey protocol for Survey and Manage fungi is
located on the Survey and Manage website:
http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/surveyandmanage/protocols/
.
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Prepared by: Helen Lau, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest
Date: April 2013
Edited by: Rob Huff, BLM/FS Portland, Oregon
Date: February 2014
ATTACHMENTS:
(1)
References
(2)
Map of Species Distribution
(3)
Photographs of Species
ATTACHMENT 1:
References
Ammirati, J. 1994. Endangered, threatened and sensitive macrofungi of
Washington State. Official Letter to C. Turley, Science team leader,
Washington State Dept. of Natural resources. Dated March 26, 1994.
Arora, David. 1979. Mushrooms Demystified - A Comprehensive Guide
to the Fleshy Fungi. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California. 959 pp.
Castellano, M.A. and T. O’Dell. 1997. Management Recommendations for
Survey and Manage Fungi. Version 2.0.
Castellano, M.A., J.E. Smith, T. O’Dell, E. Cazares, and S. Nugent. 1999.
Handbook to Strategy 1 Fungal Species in the Northwest Forest Plan.
PNW-GTR-476.
Cushman, K. and R. Huff. 2007. Conservation Assessment for Fungi
Included in Forest Service Regions 5 and 6 Sensitive and BLM California,
Oregon and Washington Special Status Species Programs. R6 USFS and
OR/WA BLM Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program
(ISSSSP).
http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/planning-tools/
Dahlman, D, Danell, E, and J. Spatafora. 2000. Molecular systematics of
Craterellus: cladistic analysis of nuclear LSU rDNA sequence data.
Mycological Research 104: 388-394.
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Ferriel, Jenifer and Katie Grenier. 2008. Annotated Bibliography of
Information Potentially Pertaining to Management of Rare Fungi on the
Special Status Species List for California, Oregon and Washington. R6
USFS and OR/WA BLM Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species
Program (ISSSSP).
http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/planning-tools/
GeoBOB query (BLM Oregon/Washington database; also contains FS
Region 6 fungi information), Febuary 2012.
Hobbie, E. A., Macko, S.A. and H. H Shugart. 1999. Insights into
nitrogen and carbon dynamics of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi
from isotopic evidence. Oecologia. 118: 353-360.
Kropp B.R. and Trappe, J.M. 1982. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Tsuga
heterophylla. Mycologia 74: 479-488.
Norvell, L. L. and R. L. Exeter. 2004. Ectomycorrhizal epigeous
basidiomycete diversity in Oregon Coast Range Pseudotusuga menziesii
forest−Preliminary observations. Fungi in Forest Ecosystms:
Systmematics, Diversity, and Ecology. Ed. Cathy L. Cripps. The New
York Botanical Garden, New York.
Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center. 2010. Survey and Manage
Assessments: Rank Assessments. Oregon Natural Heritage Information
Center, Oregon State University. Portland. http://orbic.pdx.edu/raremanage.html
Pilz, D., Norvell, L. L, Danell, E. and R. Molina, 2003. Ecology and
management of commercially harvested chanterelle mushrooms. USDAFS PNW-RS publication. Portland.
Redhead, S. 1979. A study of the sphagnicolous fleshy basidiomycetes in
the eastern sections of the Canadian boreal forest. U of Toronto PhD
dissertation.
Trappe, M. 2001. The ecology of winter chanterelles (Craterellus
tubaeformis) in western Oregon. Oregon SU MS thesis.
Trappe, M. J.. 2004. Habitat and host associations of Craterellus
tubaeformis in northwestern Oregon. Mycologia 96(4):498-509.
Trudell, S. and J. Ammirati. 2009. Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.
Timber Press, Portland, OR. p.255.
USFS Forest Service. 2012. Natural Resource Information System (NRIS).
http://fsweb.nris.fs.fed.us/
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ATTACHMENT 2:
Map of Species Distribution
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ATTACHMENT 3:
Photographs of Species
photos courtesy of Steve Trudell
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