Syllabus in Geology of All Universities in Andhra Pradesh State
(w.e.f from 2015-2016)
Board of Studies in Geology
Minutes of the Chair \persons, BOS in Geology on June 3rd & 4th, 2015
The chair \persons , Board of Studies in Geology of SVU, YVU university are met
on 3rd & 4th June, 2015 at 10.00 a.m to 5.00 along with university Administration
in the senate hall, AD Building, S.V. University, Tirupati to finalize the syllabi of
the geology as per state Council of Higher Education/UGC model curriculum at
under Graduate level.
Members present :
1.Prof. N. Balayerikala Reddy
2.Dr. L. Chandra Sekhar Reddy
The following resolutions are passed.
1. It is resolved to follow the common core syllabus fo all the six semesters
of eight papers (Theory) and six practical papers in six semesters for all
the universities in the Andhra Pradesh state
2. The committee thoroughly discussed the syllabi proposed by
UGC/APSCHE in its model curriculum and accordingly framed syllabi
for eight papers of B.Sc Geology
3. t\The following eight papers are proposed for the 3 years B.Sc., Geology
in Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
1.Prof. N. Balayerikala Reddy
Chairman, BOS in Geology
Dept. of Geology
S. V. University
Tirupati-517 502
2.Dr. L. Chandra Sekhar Reddy
Chairman BOS in Geology (YVU Kadapa)
Loyola Degree College
Pulivendula - 516390
Kadapa Dist
+Final Revised Draft copy Approved - (GEOLOGY)
Three year B.Sc Geology
CBCS Revised Curriculum (With Effective from 2015-2016)
Course: B.Sc
S. No
Subject: Geology
Semester
Title of the Paper
Hrs./week
Semester-I
Lab-I
Semester-II
Lab-II
Semester-III
Lab-III
5 Semester-IV
P-I- Physical Geology & Crystallography
Physical Geology & Crystallography
P- II- Mineralogy& Optical Mineralogy
Mineralogy & Optical mineralogy
P-III- Igneous petrology & Sedimentalogy
Igneous petrology & Sedimentalogy
P-IV- Metamorphic Petrology &
Structural Geology
Metamorphic Petrology & structural
Geology
P-V- Indian Geology & Palaeontology
P-VI
1.Economic Geology (or)
2. Ground Water Exploration (or)
3. Field Geology
Palaeontology & Economic Minerals
P-VII- Mineral Exploration and Mineral
Economics
P-VIII
1 Mining Geology & Ore Dressing (or)
2 Environmental Geology(or)
3 Disaster Management
Mineral Exploration & Field Geology
1
2
2
3
4
6 Lab-IV
7 Semester V
8 Elective-VI
9 Lab-V
10 Semester-VI
11 Elective-VIII
12 Lab-VI
Prof. N. Balayerikala Reddy
Chairman, BOS in Geology
Dept. of Geology
S. V. University
Tirupati-517 502
Credits
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
Max.
Marks
75+25
100
75+25
100
75+25
100
75+25
3
100
2
4
4
75+25
75+25
4
4
3
4
100
75+25
2
4
4
75+25
4
3
50
100
1200
2
44
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
Dr. L. Chandra Sekhar Reddy
Chairmam BOS in Geology (YVU Kadapa)
Loyola Degree College
Pulivendula - 516390
Kadapa Dist
CBCS -B. Sc. GEOLOGY Syllabus
With effective from 2015-16
SEMESTER- I
Paper- I - Physical Geology &Crystallography
Unit -I
General aspects. Definition of geology - Basic assumptions of Geology - Its
relationship with other sciences - Branches of geology - Aim and applications of geology.
Earth as a planet: its shape, size, and density - movement and then effects. Origin and
age of the earth.
Geological process - exogenic and endogenic. Definition of weathering - types of
weathering of rocks - Physical and chemical; Definition of erosion and denudation, cycle
of erosion; erosion, transportation and deposition; agents of erosion.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Rivers: Erosion, transportation and deposition of river (fluvial) cycle in different
stages -Development of typical land forms by river erosion and deposition. V or VShaped valley. U-shaped valley. Waterfall alluvial form, meander, ox-bow lake-flood
plane, natural plane, peneplain and deltas. Types of rivers.
Groundwater: Storage of ground water - porosity, permeability, aquifer, water
table, zone of saturation, artesian well, spring, geysers - development of typical land form
by erosion and deposition by groundwater [Karst toppography] sinkhole, cavern,
Stalactities and stalagmites.
Glaciers: Definition of a glacier - types of glaciers - development of typical land
forms by glacial erosion and deposition – cirque, hanging valley, Rocks-monadnocks.
Morains, drum-line, kames, eskors and varves. Characteristic features of glaciated
regions
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Seas: offshore profile - land forms of sea - marine deposits and coral reefs.
Lacustrine deposits. Atmospheric circulation, weather and climatic changes, land air, sea
interaction. Earth's heat budget and global climatic changes.
Wind: Development of characteristic features by wind (arid cycle), erosion and
deposition - pedestal rock - mushroom topography - Incelberg - Ventifacts -sand dunes.
Earthquakes: Cause, kinds of earthquake waves, and mode of propagation,
intensity of earthquakes, Ritchers scale - seismograph and seismogram. Effects of
earthquakes, earthquake zones - Interior of the earth based on seismic theory Volcanoes: origin, products of Volcanoes.
Continental Drift & Plate tectonics: Theory of Plate tectonics – nature and origin
of ocean floor.
(12hrs)
Unit-IV
Definition of a crystal - amorphous and crystalline states. Morphology of Crystals
- face, edge, solid angle, interfacial angle. Forms: Simple, combination, closed and open
forms. Symmetry: Plane, axis, center. Crystallographic axes. Parameters,indices;
crystallographic notation - parameter system of Weiss, index system of Miller.
Classification of crystals into systems.
Morphological study of the following classes of symmetry
I. Cubic system – Galena type
II. Tetragonal system - Zircon type
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Morphological study of the following classes of symmetry
III. Hexagonal system - Beryl type
IV. Trigonal system - Calcite type.
V. Orthorhombic system - Barites type
VI. Monoclinic system - Gypsum type VII. Triclinic system - Axinite type
Twinning: Definition of twinning, Laws of twinning and Types of twinning
Text books:
1. Holmes Principles of Physical Geology
-
2. Physical Geology
3. A book of Physical Geology
4. An Introduction to Crystallography
5. Essential of Crystallography
References:
1. Basic Physical Geology
2. The evolving Earth: A text in Physical Geology 3. Physical Geology
4. A textbook of mineralogy
-
D.L. Holmes
A.N. Stracher
A K Datta
R.C. Phillips
E. Flint.
E.S. Robinsion
E.S. Sawkins. et al.
B.F. Mallory and D.N. Gargo
E.S. Dana and W.E. Ford
LAB-I (Practicals)
100 Marks
At the end of First semester
Practical-I- Physical Geology & Crystallography
Interpretation of morphmetric data/drainage systems, Identification of
geomorphological features in topographical maps.
Study of symmetry, and form of the Normal classes of seven crystal systems of the
following:
I. Cubic system – Normal (Galena)
II. Tetragonal system – Zircon type
III. Hexagonal system – Beryl type
IV. Trigonal system – Calcite type
V.
Orthorhombic system – Barites type
VI. Monoclinic system – Gypsum type
VII. Triclinic system – Axinite type
SEMESTER- II
Paper-II- Mineralogy & Optical Mineralogy
Unit - I
Definition of a mineral - classification of minerals into rock forming and ore
forming minerals.
Physical properties of minerals - Colour, streak, transparency, lustre, form,
hardness, tenacity, cleavage, fracture and, Specific gravity.
Silicate structures- isomorphism, solid solution, polymorphism, allotropy.
Pseudomorphism and radioactivity
Study of physical properties, chemical properties and mode of occurrence of the
following mineral groups: Olivine, Garnet and Aluminium silicates,
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Study of physical properties, chemical properties and mode of occurrence of the
following mineral groups: Pyroxenes, Amphibole and Mica
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Study of physical properties, chemical properties and mode of occurrence of the
following mineral groups: Quartz, Feldspars, and feldspathoids
Miscellaneous: Staurolite, Tourmaline, Zircon, Calcite, Corundum and Apatite.
(12 hrs)
Unit-IV
General Principles of optics, Refraction, Snell’s law, Critical angle, total
reflection,
Optical properties of minerals – isotropic and anisotropic
Polarised light, refractive index, Double refraction, uniaxial and biaxial minerals
– Nicol prism and its constriction – concept of crossed Nicols
(12hrs)
Unit-V
Petrological microscope (Polarising) - its mechanical and optical parts –
extinction, pleochroism and interference colours. Optical Properties of important
minerals
(12hrs)
Text books:
1. A textbook of mineralogy
E.S. Dana and W.E. Ford.
2. Rutleys elements of mineralogy
H.H. Reed
3. Essential of Crystallography
E. Flint.
References:
1. Manual of mineralogy
C.S. Hurlbut and C.Klein
2. Mineralogy for students
M.H. Batey.
3. An introduction to rock forming minerals Deer, Howie, and zussman.
4. Elements of mineralogy
Mason and Bern.
LAB-II (Practicals)
100 Marks
At the end of Second semester
Practical-II- Mineralogy and Optical mineralogy
Study of physical properties and diagnostic features of the following mineral:
Quartz Jasper, Agate, Chalcedony, Amethyst, Orthoclase, Microcline, Albite,
Anorthite, Labradorite, Enstatite, Hypersthene, Augite, Hornblende, Actinolite,
Tremolite, Asbestos, Muscovite, Biotite, Phlogopite, Olivine, Epidote, garnet, Kyanite,
Sillimanite, Andalusite, Beryl, Zircon, Apatite, Corundum, Talc, Gypsum, Calcite,
Flurospar and Serpentine.
Study of optical properties of the following minerals:
Quartz, Orthoclase, Microcline, Plagioclase, Hypersthene, Augite, Tremolite,
Hornblende, Miscovite, Biotite, Olivine, Epidote, Garnet, Kyanite, Beryl, Calcite,
Chlorite, sillimanite, Leucite.
III-SEMESTER
Paper- I I I - Igneous Petrology and Sedimentalogy
Unit-I
Nature and scope of petrology - definition of rock, classification of rocks into
igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Distmguish features of three types of rocks.
Forms -Lava flows, Instrusions, sills, laccolith, bysmalith, lopolith, dykes, ring
Structures - vesicular, amygdaloidal, block lava, ropy lava, pillow, flow, and sheet
structures. Columnar and prismatic structures
(12hrs)
Unit-II
Textures - Definition of texture, micro-structure, devitrification - Hypidiomorphic,
pandiomorphic, porphyritic, poikilitic, ophitic, intergrartular, intersertal, trachytic, graphic
and micro-graphic textures. Classification of igneous rocks - CIPW and Tyrrell tabular
classification.
Descriptive study of following rock types: Granite, Syenite, Diorite
porphyry, Pegmatite, Gabbro, Pyroxenite, Dunite, Dolerite, Rhyolite, Trachyte, and Basalt
(12hrs)
Unit-III
Composition and constitution of magma - Crystallisation of Magma - Uni-component,
binary system, eutectic and solid solutions.
Origin of igneous rocks - Bowen's reaction principle, differentiation and assimilation
of magma.
(12hrs)
Unit - IV
Sources of sediments - mechanical and chemical weathering, modes of
transportation, stratification. Sedimentary structures, Types of bedding, surface marks,
deformed bedding, solution structures
(12hrs)
Unit-V
Classification of sedimentary rocks; clastic - rudaceous, arenaceous, argillaceous,
non-clastic -calcareous, carbonaceous, evaporities
Descriptive study of the following sedimentary rocks - conglomerate, Breccia,
Sandstone, Gritt, Arkose, Shale and limeston.
(12 hrs)
Text books
1. Principles of petrology
2. Petrology
-
G.W. Tyrrell
W. T. Huang
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Petrology for students
A Text book of sedimentary petrology
Petrology of the sedimentary rocks
Petrology of the sedimentary rocks
Petrology of the igneous rocks
-
S.R.Ndckolds Knox, Chinnar
Verma & Prasad
J.T. Greehsmith
F.H;Hatch, Wells and Wells.
F.KHatch, Wells and Wells.
LAB-III (Practicals)
100 Marks
At the end of Third semester
Practical- II- Igneous Petrology and Sedimentalogy
Megascopic and microscopic study of the following igneous rocks:
Dunite,perodotite,granite. Syenite, Diorite, Gabbro. Dolerite, Rhyolite, Basalt, Pegmatic,
Megascopic and microscopic study of the following sedimentary rocks:
Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandstone, Shale, Limestone and its varieties
IV-SEMESTER
Paper-IV- Metamorphic Petrology and Structural Geology
Unit-I
Definition of metamorphism, agents of metamorphism, types of
metamorphism, grades and Zones, of metamorphism. Metamorphic minerals - stress
and antistress minerals. Structures of metamorphic rocks - Cataclastic, maculosc,
schistose, granulose and gneissose. Textures of metamorphic rocks- crystalloblastic,
xenoblastic.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Classification of metamorphic rocks Cataclastic metamorphism of argillaceous
and arenaceous rocks. Thermal metamorphism of argillaceous, arenaceous and calcareous
rocks. Dynamo thermal metamorphism of argillaceous, arenaceous and igneous rocks.
Plutonic metamorphism, metasomatism. Descriptive study of the following metamorphic
rock- Gneiss, schist, slate, phyllite, quartzite, marble, Cliaranockite and khondalite.
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Definition of structural geology, aim and objectives of the structural Geology;
Importance of study of structures, primary and secondary structures; outcrop, attitude of
beds - strike, dip and apparent dip. Use of clinometer and Brunton compass. Folds description, nomenclature of folds - Geometrical and genetic classification. Recognition
of folds in the field.
(12 hrs)
Unit-IV
Joints- Classification of Joints- geometrical and genetic classification. Faults –
geometrical and Genetic Classification of faults, recognition of faults in the field, effects
of faults on the outcrops.
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Unconformities- Definition of unconformity- types of unconformities.
Recognition of unconformities in the field. Distinguishing the faults from
unconformities. Definitions of overlap, outlier, cleavage, schistosity, foliation and
lineation
(12 hrs)
Text books
1. The principles of petrology
G. W. Tyrrell: •
2. Metamorphic petrology
B Bhaskar Rao
3. Structural Geology
Marlarid. F. Billings.
4. An outling of structural Geology
E.S. Hills
References
1. Petrology of Igneous
and Metamorpic rocks.
Hyndman
2. Structural Geology
L.U. De Setter
3. An outline of structural Geology
E.S. Hills
LAB-IV (Practicals)
100 Marks
At the end of Fourth semester
Practical- IV: Metamorphic Petrology and Structural Geology
Megascopic and microscopic study of the following rocks:
Schist, Gneiss, Quartzite, Marble, Charnockite and Khonodolite.
Study of topographical maps.
Interpretation of simple geological maps with horizontal and inclined beds,
Unconformity, folds and faults with reference to the topography and structure, geological
succession and history. Section drawing (at least 8 maps)
Problems dealing with true dip and apparent dip. Bore-hole data thickness and width
of the outcrop and dip of the beds (At least 8 problems).
SEMESTER-V
Paper- V- Indian Geology & Palaeontology
Unit-I
Stratigraphy: Deification and Principals of stratigraphy. Lithosratigraphy, Standard
geological time scale, Physiographic divisions of India with stratigraphic and structural
characterises.
Brief study of type area, distribution in India, lithology, fossil content and
economic importance of the following systems - Dharwar system, Cuddapah system,
Vindhyan system, Kurnool system.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Gondwana system.
Triassic of Spitit, Jurassic of Kutch, Cretaceous of
Trichinopoly, Deccan Traps and their Age, Siwaliks with vertebrate fossils. (Brief study
of type area, distribution in India, Lithology, fossil content and economic importance of
the systems)
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Definition of Palaeontology, Branches of Palaeontology, conditions of
fossilization, modes of preservation and uses of fossils. Index Fossils.
Detailed study of morphology, classification and geological distribution of Corals and Brachiopoda,.
Fossils: Calceola, Zabhranthis, Terebratula, Spirifer, Rhynchonella, Products,
Unit-IV
Detailed study of morphology, classification and geological distribution of – Mollusca (
Gastropods, Cephalopoda and Lamellibranchia
Turritella, Natica, Physa, Conus, Pecten. Gyphaea.Arca, Cardita, Nautilus. Ammonoids,
Ceratites, Bellemnites.
(12 hrs)
Unit- V
Detailed study of morphology, classification and geological distribution of -Trilobita,
Echinodermata, Graptolites and Plant fossils.
Fossils: Calymene, Paradoxide, Cidaris, Micraster, Hemiaster, Monograptus,
Diplograptus, glossopteris, gangamopteris and ptylophyllum Lepidodendron.
(12 hrs)
Text books:
1. Invertebrate Palaeontology
2. An introduction to palaeontology
3. Principals of stratigraphiy
4. Fundamentals of Historical Geology
and Stratigraphiy
5. Geology of India & Burma
- Henry Woods.
- Jain, P.C etal.
- Dunbars & Rodgers.
-
Ravindra Kumar
- MS Krishna
SEMESTER-V - Elective Paper-VI
Paper-VI (A): Economic Geology
Unit-I
Definition of Economic geology, mineral resources and mineral deposits,
importance of economic minerals and rocks, ore minerals, gangue minerals (gangue). Ore
and industrial minerals. Classification of mineral deposits - Bateman's classification
modified by Jensen. Processes of formation of mineral deposits; endogenetic and
exogenetic processes.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Study of ore deposits of gold, copper, lead, zinc, aluminium, with respect to their
mineralogy, uses mode of occurrence, origin and distribution in India.
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Iron, manganese, chromium, uranium and thorium, with respect to their
mineralogy, uses mode of occurrence, origin and distribution in India.
(12 hrs)
Unit-IV
Distribution of industrial minerals in India for the following industries: Abrasives,
cement and Ceramic.
Fossil fuels: Coal - origin and types of coal - coal deposits of India.
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Atomic minerals: Uranite, Pitchblende, Coffenite - Beach sands: Monozite,
ilmenite; Rutile and Zircon and their use. Mineral resources of Andhra Pradesh.
(12 hrs)
Text Books:
1. Indian mineral resources
2. Introduction of India's economic Minerals
3. Geology & mineral resources of Andhra Pradesh 4. Mineral Resources of Andhra Pradesh
-
S. Krishnaswamy
N.Lisharrna, K.S.V. Ram
N.V.B.S. Dutt
Dr. P.K Ramam
References:
1. Indian mineral year book (1997)
-
Indian Bureau of Mines
2. Fuel minerals
-
A.K.Brown & Dey
SEMESTER-V- Elective Paper-VI
Paper-VI- (B): Ground Water Exploration
Unit-I
Introduction: Definition of Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Scope and application of
Hydrogeology. Hydrological Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Infiltration,
Transpiration. Evapotranspiration. runoff, connate water.
Ground Water: Origin, Occurrence, and age of groundwater, Vertical distribution
of sub-surface water, zone of aeration-soil water, vadose water, capillary fringe. Zone of
saturation - water table. Perched water table. Recharge and discharge areas.
(12 hrs)
UNIT-II
Aquifers: Definition of aquifer, Aquitard, Aquclude, Aquifuge. Properties of
Aquifer - porosity, retension of water in rocks, yield of water from rocks (specific yield
and specific retension), Darcy’s law, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, velocity of
groundwater flow, storage co-efficient. Types of aquifers: confined, semi-confined,
unconfined. Homogeneous, Heterogeneous. Isotropic and Anisotropic aquifers. Igneous,
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks as aquifers.
(12 hrs)
UNIT-III
Quality of Ground Water: Physical, chemical and Biological characteristics of
groundwater. Suitability of groundwater for drinking, Irrigation and industrial purposes.
Pollution of Ground Water; Pollution in relation to urban, industrial and Agricultural
sources. Brief account of saline water intrusion.
(12 hrs)
UNIT – IV
Ground Water Investigations: Scope of investigations, Methods of groundwater
explorations, Brief account of Geologic, hydrogeologic, Geobotanical investigations,
Introduction to Remote Sensing techniques. Geophysical Exploration: Basic principles of
Geophysical exploration methods; Electrical methods - Schluntberger and Wenner
configuration, Resistivity profiling and Vertical Electrical Sounding.
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Management Of Groundwater: Groundwater balance, recharge, (natural and
artificial) and discharge. Safe, yields and over draft. Cojunctive use of surface and
groundwater. Utilization of groundwater. Groundwater resource evaluation-water table
fluctuation method and rainfall infiltration method. Ground water provinces of India.
Concept of water shed management.
(12 hrs)
Text Books:
1. Groundwater hydrology
2. Hydrogeology
3. Hydrogeology
4. Groundwater Assessment - Development
and Management
5. Apphed Hydrogeology
6. Applied principles of Hydrogeology
-
Todd
Davis and Dewiest
Karanth
Karancth
Fetter.
Mannings.
SEMESTER-V- Elective Paper-VI
Paper-VI (C):- Field Geology
Unit-I
Toposheet and map. Toposheet and map reading. Various methods of locating a
point on toposheet and map.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Basic field procedure – Basic field equipments, methods of field work, drawing of
geological field sections.
Determination of slopes and gradient, measuring differences in elevation. Basic
field observations at a point or out crop.
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Geological mapping – General considerations, reconnaissance study of surface
features and rocks.
(12 hrs)
Unit-IV
Transfer of field data collected on to a base map, finalization of map, preparation
of geological cross section.
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Contouring- Definition, internal characteristic, direct and indirect methods of contouring
and uses.
(12 hrs)
References:
1 Principles of Engineering Geology
- K.V.G.K Gokhale.
LAB-V (Practicals)
100 Marks
At the end of Fifth semester
Practical V-Palaeontology and Economic Minerals
Drawing and description of invertebrate and plant fossils as per the list mentioned
in the theory syllabus. Classification, morophology and geological distribution. Fossils:
Cidaris, Micraster, Hemiaster. Cerethium, Terebratula, spirifer, Rhynchonella, Products,
Turritella, Natica, Physa, Pecten, Gryphaea, Arca, Cardita, Nautilus, Ammonodis,
Ceratites, Bellemnites, Calymene, Paradoxide. Corals. Plant fossils glossopeteris,
gangamopteris and ptylophyllum.
Megascopic study, mode of occurrence, distribution in India and uses of the
following economic minerals: haematite, magnetite Pyrite, Pyrolustie, Psilomelane,
Chalcopyrite, malachite, Azurite, Bauxite, Chromite: Galena, Sphalrite, Magnesite,
Gypsum, Asbestos, Steatite, Graphite, Monazite, illmenite, Zircon, Fluorite, Barytes,
Corundum, Topaz, Calcite, Kaolinite, Kyanite, Sillimanite, Garnet and Mica.
SEMESTER-VI
Paper- VII- Mineral Exploration and Mineral Economics
Unit-I
Definition and scope of mineral prospecting and exploration, Prospecting criteria
and guides. structural, lithological and staratigryphycal guides.
Geochemical
prospecting – primary and secondary dispersion – Geochemical association and path
finders.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Geophysical Exploration - brief description and application of gravity methods instruments in gravity method: gravimeters.
Brief description and application of magnetic methods – instruments in magnetic method:
magnetometers.
Brief description and application of seismic methods - instruments in seismic
method: geophones.
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Brief description and application of electrical methods - instruments in electrical
method: Resistivity meter.
Brief description and application of radioactive methods - instruments in
radioactive method: G-M Counter, Scintillometer, lionisation chamber.
Photogeology – Aerial photographs, aerial photographic techniques in menial
exploration. Remote sensing techniques in mineral exploration. Study of satellite
imageries.
(12 hrs)
Unit-IV
Sampling Technique: Definition of sampling, Methods of sampling – Channel,
Chip, Grab, Car, groove, Wagon, Pitting and trenching and drill hole samp0ling. Coning
and quartering. Estimation of are reserves- Calculation of ore reserves (Extended and
Included are methods)
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Principles of mineral Economics. Classification of mineral deposits. National
Mineral policy. Mineral concession Rules. Mineral conservation and substitution. Status
of mineral production in India.
(12 hrs)
Text Books:
1. Geological Prospecting &
Exploration
2. Mineral Economics
3. Mining Geology
-
V. M. Kneiter
R.K.Sinha & N.L.Sarma.
McKinnstry
SEMESTER-VI
Elective Paper-VIII
Paper-VIII- (A): Mining Geology and ore Dressing
Unit-I
Mining methods- Classification of mining methods; criteria for selection of mining
method.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Brief description of quarrying, open cast mining and underground mining methodsStepping and Bench forms, Transport, Earth movers- Dragline instruments, Power shovels,
Scrappers etc. Mine explosives. Brief description of alluvial mining- panning, Long tome,
Rockers and Ground sluicing.
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Underground mining methods- Shafts, Cross-cuts, Tunnels, mine ventilation, Mine
supports, Drainage Pumping, Mine Haulage. Stopping methods in mining. Mining
hazards and Safety measures.
(12 hrs)
Unit-IV
Mineral Processing- necessity and advantages of concentration. Ore dressing
techniques- crossing, Grinding, Jigging, froth flotation method, gravity separation, Heavy
fluid separation, magnetic separation method, Sieve analysis.
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Drilling methods- Rotary drilling, Percussion drilling, diamond drilling, Churn drilling,
Cable tool drilling and auger drilling.
(12 hrs)
Text Books:
1. Courses in mining geology
2. Geological prospecting and exploration
3. Mineral economics
4. Mining geology
-
R.N.P.Arogyaswamy
V.M.Kneiter
R.K.Sinha& N.L.Sarma
McKinnstry
SEMESTER-VI
Elective Paper-VIII
Paper-VIII- (B): Environmental Geology
Unit-I
Concept of environmental - Historical perspective - environmental awareness - Role
of Geologist in environmental Protection and Planning.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Land and use planning: Soils, Types of soils, Classification of soils - Site
selections -Constructions and urbanization.
Waste disposal - environmental effects Waste recycling - recycling of resources.
Land cover: Application of remote sensing: mapping soil cover, forest cover, degraded
land, surface water reservoirs.
(12 hrs)
Unit-III
Mining impact on the environment - Health Hazards - Mineral resource depletion.
Environmental considerations in location and construction of dams, reservoirs and
tunnels
(12 hrs)
Unit - IV
Geological Hazards - floods, shifting of river courses - land slides - earthquakes Prediction and Protection. Man - made Hazards.
(12 hrs)
Unit - V
Beach erosion sedimentation - coastal zone protection & Management – coastal
engineering constructions - their effects remedial measures.
Mass Wasting - land scarification
Migration of dunes – stabilization
(12 hrs)
Text Books:
1. Environmental Geology
2. Environmental Geology
3. Environmental Geology
-
Strainer & Strahier
Landgreen
Keller
SEMESTER-VI
Elective Paper-VIII
Paper-VIII- (C): Disaster Management
Unit-I
Fundamental Concepts of Disaster Management – Hazard, Disaster, Risk, Disaster
Management Policy. National Disaster Framework.
(12 hrs)
Unit-II
Floods, Cyclones and Tsunamis, causes of Floods, Floods hazard in India,
Cyclones and their genesis.
Unit III
Volcanic hazards, volcanic belt firdiling in India sub-continent, origin and types of
volcanic activity, nature of volcanic hazards, prediction of volcanic eruptions
(12 hrs)
Unit-IV
Classification and causes of landslides. Controls of landslides subsidence and its
importance, site selection for ghat roads. Soil conservative measures.
(12 hrs)
Unit-V
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in seismic hazards, landslides, ghat roads,
bridges, culverts and canal alignment.
(12 hrs)
Tex Books
1. Principles of Engineering Geology
2. Environmental Geology
3. Remote Sensing Principles & Interpretations -
K V G K Gokhele.
E.A Keller.
F.F. Sabins.
LAB-VI (Practicals)
100 Marks
At the end of Sixth semester
Practical- VI- Mineral Exploration & Field work
Practical
1) Estimation of Ore reserves: Bedded type and vein type (Extended area and included area
methods problems)
2) Sieve analysis Problems
3) Sampling Techniques – Preparation of composite sample of sediment by coning and
quartering methods
4) Field work: Submission of Dissertation / Field Report.
Note: Field training camp: Ten days during vacation/ Working Days (Compulsory)
Study of toposheets and field work in the neighbouring areas and also other places of
geological importance.