A&P 1 Fall 2014
Russo
Comprehensive Exam
Matching Questions
Figure 1.1
Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
1) Thoracic cavity.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 14-16; Fig. 1.9
2) Cranial cavity.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 14-16; Fig. 1.9
3) Abdominal cavity.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 14-16; Fig. 1.9
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4) Vertebral cavity.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 14-16; Fig. 1.9
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description:
A) Ionic bond
B) Polar covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Nonpolar covalent bond
5) A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 34; Fig. 2.9
6) A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 32, 34; Fig. 2.9
7) A bond in which electrons are shared equally.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 34; Fig. 2.9
8) A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a
three-dimensional structure.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 35
Answers: 5) B 6) A 7) D 8) C
T/F
9) Lipids are a poor source of stored energy.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 45; Tbl. 2.2
10) Current information theorizes that omega-3 fatty acids decrease the risk of heart
disease.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 47
11) Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 43
12) Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do
not.
Answer: FALSE
2
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 116
13) Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 116
14) Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 124
15) Sweat glands are apocrine glands.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 121
16) Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 121
17) The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living
and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 161
18) When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the dermal blood
vessels will dilate so that blood and heat will be dissipated.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 161
Match the following:
A) Chondrocytes
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Diaphysis
E) Epiphyseal plate
19) The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 173, 183
20) The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 173
21) The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 183-184
22) The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.
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Diff: 2
Page Ref: 185
23) Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 184-185
Answers: 19) A 20) B 21) D 22) C 23) E
24) What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?
A) inadequate calcification of bone
B) decreased osteoclast activity
C) decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
D) increased osteoclast activity
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 185
25) The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________.
A) closing of the epiphyseal plate
B) long bones reaching adult length and width
C) appositional growth
D) concentric growth
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 185
26) Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the
following cells accomplishes this process?
A) osteoclast
B) osteocyte
C) osteoblast
D) stem cell
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 186
27) Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the
bloodstream?
A) calcitonin
B) thyroxine
C) parathyroid hormone
D) estrogen
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 186
28) Wolff's law is concerned with ________.
A) vertical growth of bones being dependent on age
B) the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
C) the function of bone being dependent on shape
D) the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts
Answer: B
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Diff: 2
Page Ref: 187
29) In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other
functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?
A) It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to
calcium metabolism.
B) It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.
C) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy.
D) It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 160-163
Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
30) Ion channel.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
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31) Synaptic vesicles.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
32) Calcium ions.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
33) Postsynaptic membrane.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
34) Synaptic cleft.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17
Match the following:
A) Action potential
B) Depolarization
C) Absolute refractory period
D) Relative refractory period
E) Repolarization
35) The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 404
36) The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 398
37) The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a
change in membrane permeability.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 402
38) Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 399
39) An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 404
Answers: 35) C 36) B 37) E 38) A 39) D
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Match the following:
A) Subthreshold stimulus
B) Spatial summation
C) Threshold stimulus
D) Temporal summation
40) Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a
cumulative effect.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 412; Fig. 11.19
41) Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 412; Fig. 11.19
42) An insufficient stimulus.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 403; Fig. 11.13
43) Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 402; Fig. 11.13
Answers: 40) D 41) B 42) A 43) C
True/False Questions
44) The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole
nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 404
45) Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 386
46) Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central
nervous system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 394
47) Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the
oligodendrocyte.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 389
48) During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 398
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Multiple Choice
49) What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
A) Tropomyosin is the name of a contracting unit.
B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on
the actin molecules.
C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on
the myosin molecules.
D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 281
50) Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances?
A) Ca2+ and ATP
B) Ca2+ only
C) ATP only
D) ATP and glucose
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 288; Fig. 9.11
51) Which of the following describes the cells of single-unit visceral muscle?
A) They contract all at once.
B) They are chemically coupled to one another by gap junctions.
C) They exhibit spontaneous action potentials.
D) They consist of muscle fibers that are structurally independent of each other.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 311
52) Which of the following is not a role of ionic calcium in muscle contraction?
A) triggers neurotransmitter secretion
B) promotes breakdown of glycogen and ATP synthesis
C) removes contraction inhibitor
D) activates epinephrine released from adrenal gland
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 288; Fig. 9.8
53) An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per
glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is ________.
A) the citric acid cycle
B) glycolysis
C) hydrolysis
D) the electron transport chain
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 298; Fig. 9.19
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54) Muscle tone is ________.
A) the ability of a muscle to efficiently cause skeletal movements
B) the feeling of well-being following exercise
C) a state of sustained partial contraction
D) the condition of athletes after intensive training
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 296
55) The sliding filament model of contraction involves ________.
A) actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
B) the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past
C) actin and myosin shortening but not sliding past each other
D) the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 284
56) After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from
continuing to stimulate contraction?
A) calcium ions returning to the terminal cisternae
B) the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved
C) acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
D) the action potential stops going down the overloaded T tubules
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 285
57) Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A) Muscle tension remains relatively constant during isotonic contraction.
B) T tubules may be sliding during isotonic contraction.
C) The I band lengthens during isotonic contraction.
D) Myofilaments slide during isometric contractions.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 296
58 YAY!
59) Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments
no longer overlapped, ________.
A) cross bridge attachment would be optimum because of all the free binding sites on
actin
B) no muscle tension could be generated
C) maximum force production would result because the muscle has a maximum range of
travel
D) ATP consumption would increase because the sarcomere is "trying" to contract
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 301-302
60) What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors?
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A) motor end plate
B) end of the muscle fiber
C) part adjacent to another muscle cell
D) any part of the sarcolemma
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 285
Xtra Credit (1 point each)
1) Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living
membranes?
A) Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels.
B) Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATPdriven pumps.
C) Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
D) The bulk of the solutions inside a cell are negatively charged.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 396
2) A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.
A) the membrane potential has been reestablished
B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell
C) proteins have been resynthesized
D) all sodium gates are closed
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 399
3) Select the correct statement about serial processing.
A) Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing.
B) Input travels along several different pathways.
C) Smells are processed by serial pathways.
D) Memories are triggered by serial processing.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 423
4) Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. Which of the following
is correct?
A) Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter.
B) Group B fibers are highly myelinated and have the highest conduction velocities.
C) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction.
D) A small cross-sectional area allows shorter conduction times.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 406
5) The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________.
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A) increasing stimulus above the threshold
B) increasing stimulus above the treppe stimulus
C) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus
D) recruiting small and medium muscle fibers
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 295
6) What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?
A) the design of the fibers
B) the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) the diversity of activity of muscle tissue
D) the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 297-299
7) Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments
no longer overlapped, ________.
A) cross bridge attachment would be optimum because of all the free binding sites on
actin
B) no muscle tension could be generated
C) maximum force production would result because the muscle has a maximum range of
travel
D) ATP consumption would increase because the sarcomere is "trying" to contract
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 301-302
8) What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors?
A) motor end plate
B) end of the muscle fiber
C) part adjacent to another muscle cell
D) any part of the sarcolemma
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 285
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