Make Up Lab on the Skeletal System
Mrs. Ashley
Name _______________________________________________
On January 8 the Medical Assistant class did a lab on the skeletal system including 6 different
parts as centers. It included: the Variability of Bones, looking at compact bone under the
microscope, naming the bones of the skeleton and marking them on Mr. Bones, examining a
real skeleton of the foot and marking those bones, marking the bones of the skull, and putting
the velcro bones on a paper picture of the skeleton. It is not possible to set up that lab again,
so you are to do this assignment for homework to make up for the lab you missed.
Variability of Bones Lab.
For this lab you are to precisely measure the following for yourself and another person. Take
measurements of your: wrist circumference; width between two shoulders, width at farthest
point between 2 zygomatic bones, length of the long bone tibia and length of long bone the
humerus. All measurements are to be in centimeters. Record your results in the table below.
Please put the student's initials next to the student number in the graph. Answer the
questions for this center under the table provided.
Bone being measured My measurements
Another person's
measurements
Wrist circumference
Width between two
shoulders
Distance between
zygomatic bones
Length of long bone
tibia
Length of Long bone
humerus
Average length of all
bones combined
1. Were there differences between the people that you measured?
2. Which bone showed the greatest variability? (Which bone had the largest difference from
smallest to largest among the two people you measured?) How much was the difference?
3. Taking the average of each person's total bone length is a way to show overall size
difference between people in terms of bone size and structure. This though does not
necessarily mean that every bone has the same relative difference between people.
One way you can research differences is to set up a relationship between overall average and
individual bones. Look at the data you obtained. Does it look upon examination that one
student has relatively small bone measurement compared to that person's average? Check
this out mathematically by setting up an equation with ratios.
Your equation will compare averages of two students, then fill in the bone length or size you
are considering for the first student to find what bone length you would expect for the other
student. The example below is how you will set up the ratio (you can use any bone you
choose.)
Example: Average of student 1
Average of student 2
=
BL_(possible bone length zygomatic of student 1__
actual bone length zygomatic of student 2
Cross multiple numerators and denominators:
Average of student 1 X actual bone length zygomatic of student 2 =
Average of student 2 X unkown BL
Substitute the amounts you found except for BL and then solve the expected value.
Show your work here:
Now compare expected bone length with actual bone length. What did this tell you about
variability in bone structure?
What are some possible causes of variability of bone structure, meaning what causes bones to
vary in relationship to the average bone length? What would make a person's zygomatic
distance much longer compared to other bone lengths?
1.
2.
Identifying the Bones of the Body Lab
1. For this you are to place the correct names on the diagram of the skeleton, labeling each
part. The picture of the skeleton that you are to label is on the next page. Here is the list of the
bones to include in your labeling: ischium, Ilium, Greater Trochanter, pubis, calcaneus,
femure, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metatarsals, tarsals, phalanges, carpels,
metacarpels, sternum, true ribs, false ribs, cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae,
lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, patella, scapula, pelvis, coccyx, clavicle, costal cartilage
2. After you have labeled each part, check your answers to see how many you go correct.
3. Record here the bones you had incorrect (you are not graded on how many you missed, this
is a record so you know which ones you need to study for the test.)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i,
j.
Diseases of the Skeletal System:
For this portion you are to research one of the following diseases or injuries: types of fractures;
bone cancer; osteoporosis, rickets, rheumatoid arthritis or scoliosis. For the disease you chose
write the symptoms of the disease, treatment, how many people in the population suffer from
the disease and dietary and physical therapy treatments that can help.
Bones of the Skull
On the two pictures of the skull on the following page, Label the following bones of the skull.
Then check you answers on-line to make sure they are correct. These are the bones you are to
label: Maxilla, Frontal bone, Parietal bone, occipital bone, Coronal suture, nasal
bone, mandible, Temporal bone, zygomatic bone Please ignore the letters on the
skull when you are labeling.
Bones of the foot and lower leg
1. What kind of joint are the phalanges?
2. What advantage is there to having so many metacarpels in the foot?
3. Please count the number of phalange bones in the one foot and give the number here:
___________
4. How do you know which bone is the radius versus the ulna?
5. How do you distinguish the tibia from the fibula?
Please answer the following questions about the skeletal system
What are four functions of the skeletal system?
1
2
3
4
What are three diseases of the skeletal system and what is the treatment for each?
1
2
3
Is cartilage part of the skeletal system? _________ Give three places where cartilage is
located in the body.
1.
2.
3.