Supplementary Table 1: Selection of candidate genes in single nucleotide polymorphisms in gemcitabine pathway Gemcitabine Genes pathway Transporters Selected candidate Investigated SNPs genes SLC29A1, SLC29A2, SLC29A1 [1-3] SLC28A1, SLC28A2, SLC28A3, ABCB1, [4-6] ABCC5 [7] ABCC5 Metabolic DCK, DCTD, CMPK1, enzymes NME1, 5’-NT, CDA None: intronic SNPs None: non-functional SNPs [8] DCK [9, 10] rs2306744, rs67437265, rs4643786 CDTD [11] None: MAF<1% [11] 5’-NT [12] None: MAF<1% [12] CDA [13, 14] rs3215400, rs2072671, rs60369023 Targets RRM1, RRM2, POLE, POL2A, TYMS RRM1 [15, 16] rs1662163, rs11030918, rs12806698, rs183484, rs1042927 SNP, single nucleotide polymrophism REFERENCES 1. Garcia-Manteiga J, Molina-Arcas M, Casado FJ, Mazo A, Pastor-Anglada M. Nucleoside transporter profiles in human pancreatic cancer cells: role of hCNT1 in 2',2'difluorodeoxycytidine- induced cytotoxicity. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9: 5000-5008. 2. Andersson R, Aho U, Nilsson BI, Peters GJ, Pastor-Anglada M, Rasch W et al. Gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer: molecular mechanisms and potential solutions. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 782-786. 3. Pennycooke M, Chaudary N, Shuralyova I, Zhang Y, Coe IR. Differential expression of human nucleoside transporters in normal and tumor tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280: 951-959. 4. Gusella M, Pasini F, Bolzonella C, Meneghetti S, Barile C, Bononi A et al. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 genotype, cytidine deaminase activity and age predict gemcitabine plasma clearance in patients with solid tumours. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71: 437-444. 5. Myers SN, Goyal RK, Roy JD, Fairfull LD, Wilson JW, Ferrell RE. Functional single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2006; 16: 315-320. 6. Okazaki T, Javle M, Tanaka M, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolic genes and pancreatic cancer survival and drug toxicity. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 16: 320-329. 7. Tanaka M, Javle M, Dong X, Eng C, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Gemcitabine metabolic and transporter gene polymorphisms are associated with drug toxicity and efficacy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2010; 116: 5325-5335. 8. Dazert P, Meissner K, Vogelgesang S, Heydrich B, Eckel L, Bohm M et al. Expression and localization of the multidrug resistance protein 5 (MRP5/ABCC5), a cellular export pump for cyclic nucleotides, in human heart. Am J Pathol 2003; 163: 1567-1577. 9. Lamba JK, Crews K, Pounds S, Schuetz EG, Gresham J, Gandhi V et al. Pharmacogenetics of deoxycytidine kinase: identification and characterization of novel genetic variants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 323: 935-945. 10. Shi JY, Shi ZZ, Zhang SJ, Zhu YM, Gu BW, Li G et al. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in deoxycytidine kinase and treatment response among acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Pharmacogenetics 2004; 14: 759-768. 11. Gilbert JA, Salavaggione OE, Ji Y, Pelleymounter LL, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED et al. Gemcitabine pharmacogenomics: cytidine deaminase and deoxycytidylate deaminase gene resequencing and functional genomics. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 1794-1803. 12. Aksoy P, Zhu MJ, Kalari KR, Moon I, Pelleymounter LL, Eckloff BW et al. Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase III (NT5C3): gene sequence variation and functional genomics. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2009; 19: 567-576. 13. Ueno H, Kaniwa N, Okusaka T, Ikeda M, Morizane C, Kondo S et al. Homozygous CDA*3 is a major cause of life-threatening toxicities in gemcitabine-treated Japanese cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2009; 100: 870-873. 14. Sugiyama E, Kaniwa N, Kim SR, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Hasegawa R, Maekawa K et al. Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in Japanese cancer patients: the impact of a cytidine deaminase polymorphism. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 32-42. 15. Bepler G, Zheng Z, Gautam A, Sharma S, Cantor A, Sharma A et al. Ribonucleotide reductase M1 gene promoter activity, polymorphisms, population frequencies, and clinical relevance. Lung Cancer 2005; 47: 183-192. 16. Kim SO, Jeong JY, Kim MR, Cho HJ, Ju JY, Kwon YS et al. Efficacy of gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer according to promoter polymorphisms of the ribonucleotide reductase M1 gene. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 3083-3088.