A&P I Tutorial Exam 1 Russo
J Term 2012
Name ___________________________________
Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Skeletal
B) Nervous
C) Integumentary
D) Muscular
1) Directly causes mechanical motion.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3c
2) Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3d
3) Provides support and levers for muscles to work on.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3b
4) Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3a
Answers: 1) D 2) B 3) A 4) C
Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Endocrine
B) Cardiovascular
C) Lymphatic
D) Immune
5) Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e
6) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f
7) Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3g
8) Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3g
Answers: 5) A 6) B 7) D 8) C
Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms:
A) Positive feedback
B) Negative feedback
9) Blood glucose levels
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 9-10
10) Delivering a baby
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 10-12
Answers: 9) B 10) A
Match the following systems and organs:
A) Cardiovascular
B) Endocrine
C) Respiratory
D) Urinary
E) Digestive
11) Arteries, veins, heart.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f
12) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3h
13) Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e
14) Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3i
15) Kidneys, bladder, ureters.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3j
Answers: 11) A 12) C 13) B 14) E 15) D
True/False Questions
16) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 10-11
17) Lungs carry out an excretory function.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 7
Multiple Choice
18) Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following?
A) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic
B) gross, regional, dissection, and surface
C) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic
D) gross, regional, systemic, and surface
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 2
19) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.
A) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
C) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 2
20) The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to
80% of body weight, is ________.
A) oxygen
B) protein
C) water
D) hydrogen
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 8
21) Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?
A) movement
B) responsiveness to external stimuli
C) maintenance of boundaries
D) decay
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 4-8
22) The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you
would say it is __________ anatomy.
A) microscopic
B) gross
C) developmental
D) systemic
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 2
23) An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in
the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.
A) maintaining boundaries
B) excretion of metabolic waste
C) responsiveness
D) metabolism
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 6
24) A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________.
A) complex tissue
B) organ system
C) organ
D) complex cell
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 3
25) What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
A) to control all body system tissues
B) to maintain homeostasis
C) to keep the body's sugar high
D) to regulate excretion
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 9-10
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description:
A) Ionic bond
B) Polar covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Nonpolar covalent bond
26) A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 34; Fig. 2.9
27) A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 32, 34; Fig. 2.9
28) A bond in which electrons are shared equally.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 34; Fig. 2.9
29) A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a
three-dimensional structure.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 35
Answers: 26) B 27) A 28) D 29) C
Match the following particles to the correct description:
A) Neutron
B) Cation
C) Molecule
D) Atom
30) Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 32
31) Neutral subatomic particle.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 25
32) Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 25
33) Smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 28
Answers: 30) B 31) A 32) D 33) C
Figure 2.2
Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
34) Deoxyribose sugar.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54 Fig. 2.22
35) Thymine.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54 Fig. 2.22
36) Guanine.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54 Fig. 2.22
37) Phosphate.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54 Fig. 2.22
38) Hydrogen bonds.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 54 Fig. 2.22
True/False
39) The atomic weight is only an average of relative weights of an atom and its isotopes,
and it may vary from the weight of a specific isotope.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 27-28
40) Lipids are a poor source of stored energy.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 45; Tbl. 2.2
41) Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 43
42) A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 48; Fig. 2.18
Multiple-Choice Questions
43) In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.
A) a high water content
B) long fatty acid chains
C) a high degree of saturated bonds
D) a high degree of unsaturated bonds
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 45-47
44) The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.
A) regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules
B) sequence of the nucleotides
C) three-dimensional structure of the double helix
D) arrangement of the histones
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 55
45) Which of the following is not true of proteins?
A) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.
B) Some types are called enzymes.
C) They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information.
D) Their function depends on the three-dimensional shape.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 47-53
46) Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.
A) glucose
B) triglycerides
C) glycogen
D) cholesterol
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 43
47) Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?
A) prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of polypeptide chains
B) aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides
C) help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes
D) promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
E) act as a biological catalyst
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 50-51
48) Salts are always ________.
A) ionic compounds
B) single covalent compounds
C) double covalent compounds
D) hydrogen bonded
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 32
49) Which of the following describes coenzymes?
A) organic molecules derived from vitamins
B) two enzymes that perform the same function
C) metal ions
D) enzymes that work together
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 52
50) What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain
backbone into an alpha helix?
A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 48-49; Fig. 2.19
Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions
51) The atomic number is equal to the number of ________.
Answer: protons (and electrons)
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 27
52) In a DNA molecule, guanine would connect to ________.
Answer: cytosine
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 54
53) The ________ molecule directly provides energy for cellular work.
Answer: ATP
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 55
Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
54) Nonpolar region of phospholipid.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
55) Glycocalyx.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
56) Polar region of phospholipid.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
57) Peripheral protein.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
58) Integral protein.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 65; Fig. 3.3
Match the following:
A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Messenger RNA
C) ATP
D) Ribosomal RNA
E) Transfer RNA
59) Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 101, 103
60) Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide
base sequences.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103-105
61) Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 104
62) Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103
63) Found in the cytoplasm, this structure specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of
the protein to be made.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 101
64) May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103
Answers: 59) D 60) E 61) A 62) C 63) B 64) D
Match the following:
A) Tight junctions
B) Desmosomes
C) Gap junctions
65) Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between
adjacent cells.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 66
66) Type of anchoring junction.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 66-67
67) Communicating junction.
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 67
Answers: 65) A 66) B 67) C
True/False Questions
68) In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute
concentration.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 70-71
69) Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 68-69
70) In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from
-50 to about +50 millivolts.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 77-79
71) Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 88
Multiple-Choice Questions
72) Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?
A) Both potassium and sodium ions can "leak" through the cell membrane due to
diffusion.
B) In the polarized state, sodium and potassium ion concentrations are in static
equilibrium.
C) The maintenance of the potential is based exclusively on diffusion processes.
D) When the sodium-potassium pump is activated, potassium is pumped into the cell
twice as fast as the sodium is pumped out, thus causing the membrane potential.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 77-79
73) A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.
A) shrink
B) swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached
C) neither shrink nor swell
D) swell and burst
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 71-72; Fig. 3.9
74) Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?
A) It is selectively permeable.
B) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the
cell.
C) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition.
D) It encloses the cell contents.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 68
75) The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein
formation is ________.
A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) ssRNA
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103-104
76) Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?
A) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
B) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be
UCCAGU.
C) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid.
D) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 101
77) DNA replication ________.
A) can also be called mitosis
B) is spontaneous, not requiring enzyme action
C) takes place during interphase of the cell cycle
D) occurs only in translationally active areas
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 95
78) If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane
is impermeable, what could happen?
A) The cells will swell and ultimately burst.
B) The cells will lose water and shrink.
C) The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding
solution and return to their original condition.
D) The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 70-72
Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions
79) The RNA that has an anticodon and attaches to a specific amino acid is ________
RNA.
Answer: transfer
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 103
80) The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called
________.
Answer: exocytosis
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 75
Extra Credit (1 point each):
1) Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most
macromolecules by body cells?
A) phagocytosis
B) pinocytosis
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) secondary active transport
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 76-77
2) Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation?
A) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it.
B) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.
C) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it.
D) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that
coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 101-105
3) Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in ________.
A) an isotonic solution
B) a hypotonic solution
C) a hypertonic solution
D) blood plasma
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 72
4) In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is no
precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What
type of liquid is this?
A) solution
B) suspension
C) colloid
D) mixture
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 30
5) If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger
RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the
corresponding mRNA?
A) TGCAA
B) ACGTT
C) UGCAA
D) GUACC
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 100; Fig. 3.40