Code Experiment type Location Feedstock Plant Year Start Experiment duration Reference 1 2 3 4 field field field field Houay-Khot, Laos Long-Or, Laos Seng-Oudom, Laos Somusa-Nuck, Laos wood residue wood residue wood residue wood residue upland rice upland rice upland rice upland rice unknown unknown unknown unknown 1 season 1 season 1 season 1 season Asai et al. (2009) Asai et al. (2009) Asai et al. (2009) Asai et al. (2009) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 field field field pot field field field field Long-Sang, Laos Empoli, Italy Beano, Italy Italy Walkaway, Australia Templers, Australia Shea-Oak Log, Australia Moora, Australia wood residue wood residue wood residue wood residue wood residue wood residue wood residue wood residue upland rice wheat maize ryegrass wheat wheat wheat wheat unknown 2007 2008 unknown unknown 2008 2008 2008 1 season 1 season 1 season 2 months 1 season 1 season 1 season 1 season Asai et al. (2009) Baronti et al. (2010) Baronti et al. (2010) Baronti et al. (2010) Blaclwell et al. (2010) Blaclwell et al. (2010) Blaclwell et al. (2010) Blaclwell et al. (2010) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 pot pot field field field field pot pot Menagle NSW, Australia Australia Miyago, Japan Miyago, Japan Jiangsu, China Jiangsu, China Hawaii, USA Hawaii, USA wood and straw poultry litter Bagasse biosolids wheat straw wheat straw wood wood radish radish sugarcane sugarcane rice wheat lettuce maize unknown unknown 2005 2005 2009 2009 unknown unknown 6 weeks 6 weeks 1 season 1 season 2 seasons 2 seasons 4-6 weeks 4-6 weeks Chan et al. (2007) Chan et al. (2008) Chen et al. (2010) Chen et al. (2010) Cui et al. (2011) Cui et al. (2012) Deenik et al. (2010) Deenik et al. (2010) 21 22 23 24 field field pot pot Goettinggen, Germany Goettinggen, Germany Germany Germany sugar beet pulp beer draff sugar beet pulp beer draff sugar beet sugar beet sugar beet sugar beet 2010 2010 unknown unknown 1 season 1 season 4 weeks 4 weeks Gajić and Koch (2012) Gajić and Koch (2012) Gajić and Koch (2012) Gajić and Koch (2012) 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 field field field field field field field field pot Georgia, USA Georgia, USA Georgia, USA Georgia, USA UK IRRI, Philippines Siniloan, Philipines Ubon, Thailand UK Peanut Hull wood residue Peanut Hull wood residue unknownn rice husk rice husk rice husk wood residue maize maize maize maize barley rice rice rice miscanthus 2006 2006 2006 2006 2008 2005 2005 2005 unknown 2 years 2 seasons 2 years 2 seasons 2 years 2 seasons 2 years 2 seasons 1 season 3 years 6 seasons 3 years 4 seasons 3 years 2 seasons 30 days Gaskin et al. (2010) Gaskin et al. (2010) Gaskin et al. (2010) Gaskin et al. (2010) Gathorne-Haedy et al. (2009) Haefele et al. (2011) Haefele et al. (2011) Haefele et al. (2011) Hartley et al. (2009) 34 35 36 37 pot pot pot pot UK UK Camden, Australia China wood residue wood residue wood residue corn stover miscanthus miscanthus tomato ryegrass unknown unknown unknown unknown 31 days 8 months 16 weeks 3 months Hartley et al. (2009) Hartley et al. (2009) Hossain et al. (2010) Hua et al. (2010) 38 39 40 41 pot field field field Zhejiang, China Jiangsu, China Hunan, China Fujian, China wheat straw municipal waste wheat straw wheat straw ryegrass rice rice rice unknown 2010 2011 2011 55 days 1 season 1 season 1 season Huang et al. (2011) In the first authors' group In the first authors' group In the first authors' group 42 43 44 45 field field field field Guangxi, China Shandong, Chian Shanxi, China Malang,Indonesia wheat straw wheat straw wheat straw farm yard manure rice maize maize cassava 2011 2011 2011 2009 1 season 1 season 1 season 2 years 2 seasons In the first authors' group In the first authors' group In the first authors' group Islami et al. (2011) 46 47 48 49 50 field field field field field Malang,Indonesia Malang,Indonesia Malang,Indonesia Malang,Indonesia Malang,Indonesia cassava stem farm yard manure cassava stem farm yard manure cassava stem cassava maize maize peanut peanut 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2 years 2 seasons 2 years 2 seasons 2 years 2 seasons 2 years 2 seasons 2 years 2 seasons Islami et al. (2011) Islami et al. (2011) Islami et al. (2011) Islami et al. (2011) Islami et al. (2011) 51 52 field field Abergwyngegyn, UK Vihiga, Kenya Lincoln University, New Zealand Brazil Idaho, USA Zhejiang, China wood wood residue maize maize 2009 2005 3 years 1 season Jones et al. (2012) Kimetu et al. (2008) 53 pot wood ryegrass 2010 4 months Knowles et al. (2011) 54 55 56 pot field field wood residue wood residue bamboo cowpea maize rice unknown 2008 2009 45 days 2 years 2 seasons 1 season Lehmanm et al. (2003) Lentz and Ippolito (2011) Liu (2011) 57 58 59 60 field field field field rice straw wheat straw wheat straw wheat straw rice rice rice rice 2009 2010 2010 2010 1 season 1 season 2 seansons 2 seansons Liu (2011) Liu et al. (2012) Liu et al. (2012) Liu et al. (2012) wood residue maize 2003 4 years 4 seasons Major et al. (2010) pot pot field pot Zhejiang, China Sichuan, China Hunan, China Jiangxi, China Llanos-Orientales, Colombia Indonesia Sydney, Australia Embrapa, Brazil Colombia 61 field 62 63 64 65 rice husk wood wood residue wood residue rice maize upland rice rice unknown unknown 2001 unknown 45 days 10 weeks 1 season 10 weeks Masulili et al. (2010) Namgay et al. (2010) Nehls 2002 Noguera et al. (2010) 66 67 68 69 pot pot field pot Colombia Colombia Ejura, Ghana Australia charcoal wood residue wood chicken manure rice rice maize mustard unknown unknown unknown unknown 10 weeks 11 weeks 1 season 5 weeks Noguera et al. (2010) Noguera et al. (2010) Oguntunde et al. (2004) Park et al. (2011) 70 71 72 73 pot field pot pot Australia Changsha, China New Delhi, India New Delhi, India greenwaste wheat straw charcoal charcoal mustard rice moong soybean unknown 2010 unknown unknown 5 weeks 1 season 8 weeks 16 weeks Park et al. (2011) Peng et al. (2011) Iswaran et al. (1980) Iswaran et al. (1980) 74 pot New Delhi, India charcoal pea unknown 16 weeks Iswaran et al. (1980) 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 pot pot pot pot pot pot pot pot pot Germany USA USA USA USA USA USA USA Colombia beet root chips corn stover Hazelnut shell wood residue Dairy manure Food \waste Paper waste manure and sawdust wood residue beet maize maize maize maize maize maize maize bean unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown 5 weeks 46 days 46 days 46 days 46 days 46 days 46 days 46 days 75 days Rilling et al. (2010) Rilling et al. (2010) Rilling et al. (2010) Rilling et al. (2010) Rilling et al. (2010) Rilling et al. (2010) Rilling et al. (2010) Rilling et al. (2010) Rondon et al. (2007) 84 85 86 87 pot pot field field Egypt USA Pindar, Australia Amazonas, Brazil rice husk sorghum biomass wood residue wood residue wheat sorghum wheat sorghum unknown unknown 2005 2001 unknown 45 days 1 season 2 years Saleh et al. (2011) Schnell et al. (2011) Solaiman et al. (2010) Steiner et al. (2007) 88 89 90 field field field wood residue coconut shell cattle dung rice maize maize 2001 2010 2 years 2 seasons 1 year 2 seasons 1 year 2 seasons Steiner et al. (2008) Sukartono et al. (2011) Sukartono et al. (2011) 91 pot Manaus, Brazil Lombok, Indonesia Lombok, Indonesia Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand manure soybean 2010 5 months Suppadit et al. (2012) 92 field Canterbury, New Zealand wood residue ryegrass 2009 2 months 93 pot New Zealand wood residue ryegrass unknown 30 days 94 pot New Zealand wood residue ryegrass unknown 25 days 95 96 pot pot Gifu, Japan Gifu, Japan chicken manure municipal waste soybean soybean 2007 2007 5 months 5 months Taghizadeh-Toosi et al. (2011) Taghizadeth-Toosi et al. (2012a) Taghizadeth-Toosi et al. (2012b) Tagoe et al. (2008) Tagoe et al. (2008) 97 field pot field field pot Xinjiang, China Maripasoula, French Guiana Xinjiang, China Toscana, Italy Toscana, Italy NSW, Australia wheat straw maize 2010 1 season Tang et al. (2011) 98 field wood bean 2001 1 season Topoliantz et al. (2005) 99 100 101 102 cow manure wood residue wood residue wood residue maize wheat wheat wheat unknown 2008 2009 unknown 85 days 2 years 2 seasons 1 season 65 days Uzoma et al. (2011) Vaccari et al. (2011) Vaccari et al. (2011) van Zwieten et al. (2010a) 103 104 105 106 pot pot pot pot NSW, Australia Australia Australia Australia wood residue sludge and wood sludge and wood sludge and wood radish wheat soybean radish unknown unknown unknown unknown 64 days 56 days 56 days 42 days van Zwieten et al. (2010a) van Zwieten et al. (2010b) van Zwieten et al. (2010b) van Zwieten et al. (2010b) 107 108 109 110 pot pot pot pot Nanjing, China Nanjing, China Manawatu, New Zealand Manawatu, New Zealand Rice husk Rice husk manure and sludge wood and sludge rice wheat ryegrass ryegrass unknown unknown unknown unknown 1 season 1 season 19 weeks 19 weeks Wang et al. (2012) Wang et al. (2012) Wang et al. (2012) Wang et al. (2012) 111 112 pot pot wood residue peanut shell plantain plantain unknown unknownn 30 days 30 days Warnock et al. (2010) Warnock et al. (2010) 113 field wood residue savanah grass 2005 8 months Warnock et al. (2010) 114 115 field field USA USA Llanos-Orientales, Colombia South Sumatra, Indonesia South Sumatra, Indonesia bark bark maize cowpea 2003 2004 1 season 1 season Yamato et al. (2006) Yamato et al. (2006) 116 117 118 119 field field field field South Sumatra, Indonesia South Sumatra, Indonesia South Sumatra, Indonesia South Sumatra, Indonesia bark bark bark bark peanut maize cowpea peanut 2004 2004 2004 2004 1 season 1 season 1 season 1 season Yamato et al. (2006) Yamato et al. (2006) Yamato et al. (2006) Yamato et al. (2006) 120 field South Sumatra, Indonesia bark maize 2004 1 season Yamato et al. (2006) 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 field pot pot pot field pot pot field field South Sumatra, Indonesia Ayuom, Ghana Kwadaso, Ghana Adelaide, Australia Jiangsu, China Jiangsu, China China Jiangsu, China Henan, China bark wood residue wood residue wood residue wheat straw Wheat straw wheat straw wheat straw wheat straw maize maize maize onion rice maize spinach rice maize 2004 unknown unknown unknown 2009 unknown unknown 2009 2010 1 season 6 weeks 6 weeks 5 weeks 1 season unknown 50 days 2 years 2 seasons 1 season Yamato et al. (2006) Yeboah et al. (2009) Yeboah et al. (2009) Yu et al. (2009) Zhang et al. (2010a) Zhang et al. (2010b) Zhang et al. (2011) Zhang et al. (2012a) Zhang et al. (2012b) 130 131 132 133 field field pot field California, USA California, USA Texas, USA Jiangsu, China Walnut shell Walnut shell Corn stove Wheat straw lettuce pepper switchgrass rice 2009 2009 unknown 2010 14 months 14 months unknown 117 days Suddick & Six, 2013 Suddick & Six, 2013 Husmoen, 2011 Xie et al. 2013 134 135 136 137 pot pot pot pot Norway Fujian, China Spain Spain Wheat straw Sewage sludge Wood residue Wheat straw rye grass letuce wheat wheat unknown unknown 2012 2012 3 months unknown 2 months 2 months O’Toole et al. 2013 Khan et al. 2013 Alburquerque et al. 2013 Alburquerque et al. 2013 138 139 140 141 field pot pot field Hunan, China India Kenya Pakistan straw Wood residue Wood residue / rice rice maize maize 2011 unknown 2006 2009 1 crop season unknown 1 crop season 1 crop season Shen et al. 2013 PrabhaV, et al. 2013 Söderberg, 2013 Arif et al. 2012 142 field India Wood residue radish 2011 unknown Sekar, 2012 143 144 pot pot UK Australia Wood residue Wood residue clover capsicum unknown unknown unknown 3 months Quilliam et al. 2012 Pudasaini et al. 2012 145 field Bangladesh bagasse rice 2010 1 crop season Ali et al. 2013 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 field pot field pot pot pot pot pot pot USA Japan Italy Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda Mexico Maize stove / Wood residue Wood residue Maize cobs Coffee husk Rice husk Groundnut shell Wood residue maize rice rice maize maize maize maize maize wheat 2007 unknown 2010 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown 4 years unknown 1 crop season 45 days 45 days 45 days 45 days 45 days 45 days Güereña et al. 2013 Singla & Inubushi, 2013 Lugato et al. 2013 Deal et al., 2012 Deal et al., 2012 Deal et al., 2012 Deal et al., 2012 Deal et al., 2012 Aguilar-Chávez et al., 2012 155 156 157 158 pot pot pot pot South Africa Australia Australia Indonesia Wood residue wood Wheat husk Chicken manure wheat grass grass maize unknown 2011 2011 unknown 12 weeks 2 months 2 months unknown Sika, 2012 Zhang et al. 2013 Zhang et al. 2013 Widowati et al. 2012 159 160 161 162 pot field pot pot Indonesia South Africa Australia Arizona, USA Municipal waste Wood residue Rice husk Wood residue maize tomato maize lettuce unknown 2010 unknown unknown unknown 22 weeks unknown unknown Widowati et al. 2012 Nzanza et al. 2012 Nguyen et al. 2012 Artiola et al 2012 163 164 165 166 field pot pot pot NSW, Australia Germany Tennessee, USA Slovakia Poultry manure Wood residue straw Wheat straw maize Rye grass Switchgrass Sunflower 2011 unknown unknown unknown 1 crop season 142 days unknown 4 weeks van Zwieten et al. 2013 Borchard et al. 2012 Edmunds 2012 Tatarková et al. 2013 167 168 169 field Pot pot Hainan, China Heilongjiang, China Virginia, USA wood residue Crop straw Chicken manure grass soybean pepper unknown 2012 unknown unknown unknown 194 days Deng et al. 2010 Wang et al. 2013 Revell et al. 2012 Supplementary Table Reference Aguilar-Chávez A, Díaz-Rojas M, Cárdenas-Aquino MR, Dendooven L, Luna-Guido, M (2012) Greenhouse gas emission from a wastewater sludge-amended soil cultivated with wheat as affected by different application rate of charcoal. Soil Biol Biochem 52: 90-95 Alburquerque JA, Salazar P, Barrón V, Torrent J, del Campillo MC, Gallardo A, Villar R (2013) Enhanced wheat yield by biochar addition under different mineral fertilization levels. Agron Sustain Dev: DOI 10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3 Ali MA, Hoque A, Kim PJ (2013) Mitigating Global Warming Potentials of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Gases from Rice Paddies under different irrigation regimes. AMBIO 42: 357–368 Arif M, Ali A, Umair M, Munsif F, Ali K, Inamullah, Saleem M, Ayub G (2012) Effect of biochar, FYM and mineral nitrogen alone and in combination on yield and yield components of maize. Sarhad J Agric 28: 191-195 Artiola JF, Rasmussen C, Freitas R (2012) Effects of a Biochar-Amended Alkaline Soil on the Growth of Romaine Lettuce and Bermudagrass. Soil Sci 177: 561-570 Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, Songyikhangsuthor K, Homma K, Kiyono Y, Inoue Y, Shiraiwa T, Horie T (2009) Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield field crop research. Field Crop Res 111: 81-84 Baronti S, Alberti G, Vedove GD, Gennaro FD, Fellet G, Genesio L, Miglietta F, Peressotti A, Vaccari FP (2010) The Biochar option to improve plant yields: First results from some field and pot experiments in Italy. Ital J Agron 5: 3-11 Blackwell P, Krull E, Butler G, Herbert A, Solaiman Z (2010) Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertilizer use in south-western Australia: an agronomic and economic perspective. Aust J Soil Res 48: 531-545 Borchard N, Wolf A, Laabs V, Aeckersberg R, Scherer HW, Moeller A, Amelung W (2012) Physical activation of biochar and its meaning for soil fertility and nutrient leaching-a greenhouse experiment. Soil Use Manag 28: 177-184 Chan KY, van Zwieten L, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S (2007) Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Aust J Soil Res 45: 629-634 Chan KY, van Zwieten L, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S (2008) Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments. Aust J Soil Res 46: 437-444 Chen Y, Shinogi Y, Taira M (2010) Influence of biochar use on sugarcane growth, soil parameters, and groundwater quality. Aust J Soil Res 48: 526-530 Cui LQ, Li LQ, Zhang AF, Pan GX, Bao DD, Chang A (2011) Biochar amendment greatly reduces rice Cd uptake in a contaminated paddy soil: a two-year field experiment. Bioresources 6: 2605-2618 Cui LQ, Pan GX, Li LQ, Yan JL, Zhang AF, Bian RJ, Chang A (2012) The reduction of wheat Cd uptake in contaminated soil via biochar amendment: a two-year field experiment. Bioresources 7: 5666-5676 Deal C, Brewer CE, Brown RC, Okure MAE, Amoding A (2012) Comparison of kiln-derived and gasifier-derived biochars as soil amendments in the humid tropics. Biomass Bioenerg 37: 161-168 Deenik JL, McClellan T, Uehara G, Antal MJ, Campbell S (2012) Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations. Soil Sci Soc Am J 74: 1259-1270 Deng WG, Wu PB, Zhao QH, Qi ZP, Wu WD (2010) The effect of biochar on grass yield and quality. Acta Agrestia Sinica 18: 844-853 (in Chinse with English abstract) Edmunds (2012) The Effects of Biochar Amendment to Soil on Bioenergy Crop Yield and Biomass Composition. Dissertation, University of Tennessee. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1150 Gajić A, Koch HJ (2012) Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Growth reduction caused by hydrochar is related to nitrogen supply. J Environ Qual 41: 1067-1075 Gaskin JW, Speir RA, Harris K, Das KC, Lee RD, Morris LA, Fisher DS (2010) Effect of Peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrients, corn nutrient status, and yield. Agron J 102: 623-633 Gathorne-Haedy A, Knight J, Woods J (2009) Biochar as a soil amendment positively interacts with nitrogen fertilizer to improve barley yields in the UK, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6 372052, doi:10.1088/1755-1307/ 6/7/372052 Güereña D, Lehmann J, Hanley K, Enders A, Hyland C, Riha S (2013) Nitrogen dynamics following field application of biochar in a temperate North American maize-based production system. Plant Soil 365: 239–254 Haefele SM, Konboon Y, Wongboon W, Amarante S, Maarifat AA, Pferfer EM, Knoblauch C (2011) Effects and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems. Field Crop Res 121: 430-440 Hartley W, Dickinson NM, Riby P, Lepp NW (2009) Arsenic mobility in brown field soils amended with green waste compost or biochar and planted with Miscanthus. Environ Pollut 157: 2654-2662 Hossain MK, Strezov V, Chan KY, Nelson PF (2010) Agronomic properties of waste water sludge biochar and bioavailability of metals in production of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chemosphere 78: 1167-1171 Hua L, Zhang C, Ma HR, Yu W (2010) Environmental benefits of biochar made by agricultural straw when applied to soil. Ecol Environ Sci 19: 2489-2492 (in Chinese with English abstract) Huang C, Liu LJ, Zhang MK (2011) Effect of biochar on properties of red soil and ryegrass growth. J Zhejiang University (Agric & Life Science) 37: 439-445 (in Chinese with English abstract) Husmoen DH (2011) Effect of biochar recycling on switchgrass growth and soil and water quality in bioenergy production systems. Dissertation, Texas A&M University. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9250 Islami T, Guritno B, Basuki N, Suryanto A (2011) Biochar for sustaining productivity of cassava based cropping systems in the degraded lands of East Java, Indonesia. J Trop Agric 49: 40-46 Iswaran V, Jauhri KS, Sen A (1980) Effect of charcoal, coal and peat on the yield of moong, soybean and pea. Soil Biol Biochem 12: 191-192 Jones DL, Rousk J, Edwards-Jones G, Deluca TH, Murphy DV (2012) Biochar-mediated changes in soil quality and plant growth in a three year field trial. Soil Biol Biochem 45: 113-124 Khan et al. 2013 Reduced bioaccumulation of PAHs by Lactuca satuva L. grown in contaminated soil amended with sewage sludge and sewage sludge derived biochar Kimetu JM, Lehmann J, Ngoze SO, Mugendi DN, Kinyangi JM, Riha S, Verchot L, Recha JW, Pell AN (2008) Reversibility of soil productivity decline with organic matter of differing quality along a degradation gradient. Ecosystems 11: 726-739 Knowles OA, Robinson BH, Contangelo A, Clucas L (2011) Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate leaching from soil amended with biosolids. Sci Total Environ 409: 3206-3210 Lehmanm J, da Silva Jr. JP, Steiner C, Nehls T, Zech W, Glaser B (2003) Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaelologival Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charceal amendments. Plant Soil 249: 343-357 Lentz RD, Ippolito JA (2011) Biochar and Manure affect Calcareous Soil and Corn Silage Nutrient Concentrations and Uptake. J Environ Qual 41: 1033-1043 Liu XY, Qu JJ, Li LQ, Zhang AF, Zheng JF, Zheng JW, Pan GX (2012) Can biochar be an ecological engineering technology to depress N2O emission in rice paddies?-A cross site field experiment from South China. Ecol Eng 42: 168-173 Liu YX (2011) Effect of biochar on the characteristic of nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission from soil. Doctoral Thesis of Zhejiang University, Chapter 5, pp: 65-83. Lugato E, Vaccari FP, Genesio L, Baronti S, Pozzi A, Rack M, Woods J, Simonetti G, Montanarella L, Miglietta F (2013) An energy-biochar chain involving biomass gasification and rice cultivation in Northern Italy. Global Change Biol Bioenerg 5: 192-201 Major J, Rondon M, Molina D, Riha SJ, Lehmann J (2010) Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombia savanna oxisol. Plant Soil 333: 117-128 Masulili A, Utomo WH, Syechfani MS (2010) Rice husk biochar for rice based cropping system in Acid Soil 1. The Characteristics of rice Husk biochar and its influence on the properties of Acid sulfate soils and rice growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Agric Sci 2, 39-47 Namgay T, Singh B, Singh BP (2010) Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). Aust J Soil Res 48: 638-647 Nehls T (2002) Fertility Improvement of a Terra Firme Oxidol in Central Amazonia by Charcoal Application. Final Thesis in Geoecology, Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth Nguyen H, Blair G, Guppy C (2012) Effect of rice husk biochar and nitrification inhibitor treated urea on N and other macronutrient uptake by maize. Australian Agronomy Conference 16th Noguera D, Rondón M, Laossi KR, Hoyos V, Lavelle P, de Carvalha MHC, Brot S (2010) Contrasted effect of biochar and earthwoems on rice growth and resource allocation in different soils. Soil Biol Biochem 42: 1017-1027 Nzanza B, Marais D, Soundy P (2012) Effect of arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation and biochar amendment on growth and yield of tomato. Int J Agric Biol 14: 965–969 O’Toole A, de Zarruk KK, Steffens M, Rasse DP (2013) Characterization, stability, and plant effects of kiln-produced wheat straw biochar. J Envriron Qual 42: 429–436 Oguntunde PG, Fosu M, Ajayi AE, van de Giesen N (2004) Effects of charcoal production on maize yield, chemical properties and texture of soil. Biol Fert Soils 39, 295-299 Park JH, Choppala GK, Bolan NS, Chung JW, Chuasavathi T (2011) Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals. Plant Soil 348: 439-451 Peng H, Ji XH, Wu JM, Tian FX, Huo LJ, Zhu J (2011) Integrated effect of decreasing CH4 and N2O emission by biochar incorporated to paddy field on late rice. Ecol Environ Sci 20: 1620-1625 (in Chinese with English abstract) PrabhaVS, Renuka R, Sreekanth NP, Babu P, Thomas (2013) A study of the fertility and carbon sequestration potential of rice soil with respect to the application of biochar and selected amendments. Ann Enriron Sci 7: 17-30 Pudasaini K, Ashwath N, Walsh K, Bhattarai T (2012) Biochar improves plant growth and reduces nutrient leaching in red clay loam and sandy loam. J Water, Energy Environ: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7221 Quilliam RS, DeLuca TH, Jones DL (2012) Biochar application reduces nodulation but increases nitrogenase activity in clover. Plant Soil: DOI 10.1007/s11104-012-1411-4 Revell Maguire RO, Agblevor FA (2012) Influence of Poultry Litter Biochar on Soil Properties and Plant Growth. Soil Sci 177: 402-408 Rilling MC, Wagner M, Salem M, Antunes PM, George C, Ramke HGr, Titirici MM, Antonetti M (2010) Material derived from hydrothermal carbonization: Effects on plant growth and arbuscuar mycorrhiza. Appl Soil Ecol 45: 238-242 Rondon MA, Lehmann J, Ramírez J, Hurtado M (2007) Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans increases with biochar additions. Biol Fert Soils 43: 699-708 Saleh ME, Mahmoud AH, Rateb KA (2011) Influence of rice husk biochar application and irrigation water salinity on growth and nitrogen use efficiency by wheat. Alex J Agric Res 56: 125-131 Schnell RW, Vietor DM, Provin TL, Munster CL, Capareda S (2011) Capacity of biochar application to maintain energy crop productivity: soil chemistry, sorghum growth, and runoff water quality effects. J Environ Qual 41: 1044-1051 Sekar S (2012) The effect of biochar and anaerobic digester efflulent on soil quality and crop growth in Karnataka, India. Dissertation, Ohio State University. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343750717 Shen JL, Tang H, Liu JY, Li Y, Ge TD, Wu JS (2013) A comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from a paddy field following incorporation of rice straw and straw-based biochar. Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_190 Sika MP (2012) Effect of biochar on chemistry, nutrient uptake and fertilizer mobility in sandy soil. Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. http://scholar.sun.ac.za Singla A, Inubushi K (2013) Effect of biochar on CH4 and N2O emission from soils vegetated with paddy. Paddy Water Environ: DOI 10.1007/s10333-013-0357-3 Söderberg C (2013) Effects of biochar amendment in soils from Kisumu, Kenya. Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Solaiman ZM, Blackwell P, Abbott LK, Storer P (2010) Direct and residual effect of biochar application on mycorrhizal root colonization, growth and nutrition of wheat. Aust J Soil Res 48: 546-554 Steiner C, Glaser B, Teixeira WG, Lehmann J, Blum WEH, Zech W (2008) Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 171: 893-899 Steiner C, Teixeira WG, Lehmann J, Nehls T, de Macêdo JV, Blum WEH, Zech W (2007) Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant Soil 291: 275-290 Suddick EC, Six J (2013) A estimation of annual nitrous oxide emissions and soil quality following the amendment of high temperature walnut shell biochar and compost to a small scale vegetable crop rotation. Sci Total Environ: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.094 Sukartono, Utomo WH, Kusuma Z, Nugroho WH (2011) Soil fertility status, nutrient uptake, and maize (Zea mays L.) yield following biochar and cattle manure application on sandy soils of Lombok, Indonesia. J Trop Agric 49: 47-52 Suppadit T, Phumkokrak N, Poungsuk P (2012) The effect of using quail litter biochar on soybean production. Chil J Agric Res 72: 244-251 Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough TJ, Condron LM, Sherlock RR, Anderson CR, Craigie RA (2011) Biochar incorporation into pasture soil suppresses in situ nitrous oxide emissions from ruminant urine patches. J Environ Qual 40: 468-476 Taghizadeth-Toosi A, Clough TJ, Sherlock RR, Condron LM (2012a) A wood based low-temperature biochar captures NH3-N generated from ruminant urine-N, retaining its bioavailability. Plant Soil 353: 73-84 Taghizadeth-Toosi A, Clough TJ, Sherlock RR, Condron LM (2012b) Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable. Plant Soil 350: 57-69 Tagoe SO, Horiuchi T, Matsui T (2008) Preliminary evaluation of the effects of carbonized chicken manure, refuse derived fuel and K fertilizer application on the growth, nodulation, yield, N and P contents of soybean and cowpea in the greenhouse. Afr J Agric Res 3: 759-774 Tang GM, Ge CH, Xu WL, Wang XH, Zheng JW, Li LQ, Pan GX (2011) Effect of applying biochar on the quality of grey desert soil and maize cropping in Xinjiang, China. J Agro-Environ Sci 30: 1797-1802 (in Chinese with English abstract) Tatarková V, Hiller E, Vaculik M (2013) Impact of wheat straw biochar addition to soil on the sorption, leaching, dissipation of the herbicide acetic acid and the growth of sunflower. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.005i Topoliantz S, Ponge JF, Ballof S (2005) Manioc peel and charcoal: a potential organic amendment for sustainable soil fertility in the tropics. Biol Fert Soils 41: 15-21 Uzoma KC, Inoue M, Andry H, Fujimaki H, Zahoor A, Nishihara E (2011) Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil Use Manage 27: 205-212 Vaccari FP, Baronti S, Lugato E, Genesio L, Castaldi S, Fornasier F, Miglietta F (2011) Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. Eur J Agron 34: 231-238 van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Downie A, Morris S, Petty S, Rust J, Chan KY (2010a) A glasshouse study on the interaction of low mineral ash biochar with N in a Sandy soil. Aust J Soil Res 48: 569-576 van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Morris S, Chan KY, Downie A, Rust J, Joseph S, Cowie A (2010b) Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant Soil 327: 235-246 van Zwieten L, Kimer SWL, Morris SG, Singh BP, Grace PR, Scheer C, Rust J, Downie AE, Cowie AL (2013) Pyrolysing poultry litter reduces N2O and CO2 fluxes. Sci Total Environ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.054 Wang DD, Xu Q, Yang Y, Sun SS, Guo W (2013) Effect of biochar application as basal fertilizer on nutrition absorption and soil nutrient supply of vegetable soybean. Soybean Sci 32: 72-75 (in Chinse with English abstract) Wang JY, Pan XJ, Liu YL, Zhang XL, Xiong ZQ (2012) Effects of biochar amendment in two soils on greenhouse gas emissions and crop production. Plant Soil 360: 287-298 Warnock DD, Mummey DL, McBride B, Major J, Lehmann J, Rillig MC (2010) Influences of non-herbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils: Results from growth-chamber and field experiments. Appl Soil Ecol 46: 450-456 Widowati, Utomo WH, Guritno B, Soehono LA (2012) The effect of biochar on the growth and N fertilizer requirement of maize in green house experiment. J Agric Sci 5: 255-262 Xie ZB, Xu YP, Liu G, Liu Q, Zhu JG, Tu C, Amonette JE, Cadisch G, Yong JWH, Hu SJ (2013) Impact of biochar application on nitrogen nutrition of rice greenhouse-gas emissions and soil roganic carbon dynamics in two paddy soils of China. Plant Soil: DOI 10.1007/s11104-013-1636-x Yamato M, Okimori Y, Wibowo IF, Anshori S, Ogawa M (2006) Effects of the application of charred bark of Acacial mangium on the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut, and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 52: 489-495 Yeboah E, Ofori P, Quansah GW, Dugan E, Sohi SP (2009) Improving soil productivity through biochar amendments to soils. Afr J Environ Sci Tech 3: 34-41 Yu XY, Ying GG, Kookana RS (2009) Reduced plant uptake of pesticides with biochar additions to soil. Chemosphere 76: 665-671 Zhang AF, Bian RJ, Pan GX, Cui LQ, Hussain Q, Li LQ, Zheng JW, Zheng JF, Zhang XH, Han XJ, Yu XY (2012a) Effect of biochar amendment on soil quality, crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy: A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles. Field Crop Res 127: 153-160 Zhang AF, Cui LQ, Pan GX, Li LQ, Hussain Q, Zhang XH, Zheng JW, Crowley D (2010a) Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain, China. Agric Ecosyst Environ 139: 469-475 Zhang AF, Liu YM, Pan GX, Hussain Q, Li LQ, Zheng JW, Zhang XH (2012b) Effet of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from central China Plain. Plant Soil 351: 263-275 Zhang HZ, Huang Y, Liu G, Xu YP, Liu JS, Bei QC, Ling XW, Zhu JG, Xie ZB (2010b) Effects of biochar on corn growth, nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties in seeding stage. Ecol Environ Sci 19: 2713-2717 Zhang WJ, Li ZF, Zhang QZ, Du ZL, Ma MH, Wang YD (2011) Impacts of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on spinach yield and tissue nitrate content from a pot experiment. J Agro-Environ Sci 30: 1946-1952 Zhang ZH, Solaiman Z, Meney K, Murphy DV, Rengel Z (2013) Biochars immobilize soil cadmium, but do not improve growth of emergent wetland species Juncus subsecundus in cadmium-contaminated soil. J Soil Sediment 13: 140–151