Miscalleneous :
1.
1938:
Corneille Jean François Heymans
"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration" .
2.
1946: Hermann Joseph Muller
"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" .
3.
1957: Daniel Bovet for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"
, “ blocking by pharmacological means the effects of the biologically active amines.
[[neuropharmacology, antihistamines]]
4.
1966: Charles Brenton Huggins - "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer" .
5.
1982:
Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances" .
6.
1985: Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" ,
and the treatment of diseases caused by abnormally elevated cholesterol levels in the blood.
”
7.
1986: Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
"for their discoveries of growth factors"
8.
1966: Peyton Rous - "for his discovery of tumor-inducing viruses"
1989: J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus -
"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
9.
1997: Stanley B. Prusiner - "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection" .
10.
1998: Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, FeridMurad
"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" .
11.
2001: Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul M. Nurse
"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" .
12.
1995:
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus
"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development" .
2002: Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston - "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" .
13.
1979: Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield -
"for the development of computer assisted tomography" (CAT)

2003: Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging" (MRI)
14.
2009: Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase" .
15.
2010: Robert G. Edwards - "for the development of in vitro fertilization" .
1971: Gerhard Herzberg -
“for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" .
16.
1996: Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, Richard E. Smalley "for their discovery of fullerenes" .
[used in nanotech]
17.
1994: Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell
"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
2012 : Robert J. Lefkowitz, Brian K. Kobilka "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"
Nervous system:

1906:
Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal
"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"

1932: Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, Edgar Douglas Adrian for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons"

1936: Sir Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi
"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"

1963: Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley
"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" .

1970: Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
"for their discoveries concerning the humoraltransmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" .

1977: Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally - "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"

2000: ArvidCarlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" .
Genetics&molecular bio:

1933: Thomas Hunt Morgan for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity" .

1959: Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg
"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"

1958: George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum - for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"


1962: Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" .

1968: Robert W. Holley, HarGobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" .

1975: David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
" discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell" .

1983: Barbara McClintock - "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"

1993: Kary B. Mullis "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"
Michael Smith "for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotidebased, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies" .

1993: Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp - "for their discoveries of split genes"

2006: Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"

1978: Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith
"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics".

1980: Paul Berg "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" .
Vitamins:

1929: Christiaan Eijkman - "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"

1943: Henrik Carl Peter Dam - "for his discovery of vitamin K"
Edward Adelbert Doisy - "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"

1937: Walter Norman Haworth "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
Paul Karrer "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" .

1938: Richard Kuhn - "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" .

1928: Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus - "for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" .
Microbiology:

1969:
Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria
"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" .

1958 : Joshua Lederberg - "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"

1965:
François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod
"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
EYE:

1967 : Ragnar Granit, HaldanKeffer Hartline, George Wald
"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" .

1981: David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel - "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system