APPENDIX A. Study area figure
Figure A1. Study area for monitoring woodland caribou adult female survival and population
dynamics within west-central Alberta and eastern British Columbia, 1998–2011.
1
APPENDIX B. Cox-proportional hazards model coefficients, standard errors, Wald statistics (z)
and probability values for each of five models testing the effects of resource selection
probability, predation risk, and seasonal mean weather covariates on the relative hazard, or
probability of mortality, during both winter and summer seasons for adult female woodland
caribou, west-central Alberta and eastern British Columbia, 1998–2011.
Table B1. Separate summer and winter results of models H1: Ideal selection
Parameter
β
SE
z
P
-30.60
5.90
-5.19
<0.001
-20.66
5.88
-3.51
<0.001
Summer
Resource selection probability, seasonal average
Winter
Resource selection probability, per location
2
Table B2. Separate summer and winter results of models H2: Predation risk
Parameter
β
SE
z
P
15.27
2.60
5.87
<0.001
4.94
1.76
2.81
0.005
Summer
Predation risk, per location
Winter
Predation risk, per location
3
Table B3. Separate summer and winter results of models H3: Non-ideal selection
β
SE
z
P
Resource selection probability, seasonal average
-34.36
5.98
-5.75
<0.001
Predation risk, per location
20.23
2.91
6.95
<0.001
-22.51
6.15
-3.66
<0.001
6.10
1.61
3.79
<0.001
Parameter
Summer
Winter
Resource selection probability, per location
Predation risk, per location
4
Table B4. Separate summer and winter results of models H4: Ecological trap
β
SE
z
P
Resource selection probability, seasonal average
-32.52
6.48
-5.02
<0.001
Predation risk, per location
21.90
4.87
4.49
<0.001
Interaction term (selection x risk)
-52.91
141.1
-0.37
0.708
-23.16
10.52
-2.20
0.028
Predation risk, per location
5.95
2.22
2.68
0.007
Interaction term (selection x risk)
8.84
108.8
0.08
0.935
Parameter
Summer
Winter
Resource selection probability, per location
5
Table B5. Separate summer and winter results of models H5: Weather (temp + precip)
β
SE
z
P
Maximum daily temperature (°C), seasonal average
-0.169
0.126
-1.34
0.182
Precipitation (mm), seasonal sum
-0.002
0.002
-1.11
0.266
Minimum daily temperature (°C), seasonal average
0.082
0.114
0.71
0.476
Daily snow depth (cm), seasonal average
-0.024
0.024
-1.01
0.313
Parameter
Summer
Winter
6
APPENDIX C. Schoenfeld residual plots for summer and winter univariate Cox proportional
hazards models
Figure C1. Scaled Schoenfeld residuals over time for the best summer and winter Cox
proportional hazards models for the a) habitat suitability covariate and summer model, b)
predation risk covariate and summer model, c) habitat suitability covariate and winter model, and
d) predation risk covariate and winter model for adult female woodland caribou survival in westcentral Alberta and eastern British Columbia, 1998–2011.
A)
B)
D)
C)
7