9. Not until the mid-twentieth century feminist movement were women, even most Radcliffe women, given encouragement and free rein to use their strengths and education to try to reach their full professional and personal potential. The feminist movement has affected us all, men and women, in different ways. How has your own life been affected? Radcliffe Deeply Affected by, and/or Active in, the Feminist Movement I was for many years active both personally and professionally in the feminist movement. It was a joy to participate, contribute, and occasionally to offer some leadership, intellectually and morally. The women I knew in this work were brave and generative. I am glad I was involved. My career and intellectual life in women's studies are centrally shaped by the women's movement. As an early leader in the feminist movement, it has been pivotal to my own development I was actually not hired for a job for being pregnant in 1970. When pregnant again in 1971, I denied it. I have been at the cutting edge of the feminist movement. Feminism gave me a language and a community to support me as I tried to work in a resistant environment- academia of the 70's I was part of every possible opportunity to create greater gender equity—a challenge which still exists in our country and elsewhere in the world. I joined a women's group in 70's Berkeley. It changed my life. But I was a feminist at least since high school, always expected to have a professional career, and have worked for women's rights as a writer, lawyer, activist, etc. ever since. The movement encouraged, involved, and empowered me. my whole career - my views of family and work - all affected by feminism It took many years of reading MS, being in a feminist support group, etc for me to realize my potential The class of 62 for women was really grounded in the '50's - and although feminism was there, it was not much read or discussed. Civil rights made the obvious connection for me, and I was engrossed throughout the '60's (and still am) at achieving those fundamental objectives for both women & AfricanAmericans. My major was influenced by the fact that I would be stuck at a drawing board if I became an engineer. Yet as I evolved and changed careers, I opened new doors. I sued my state for sex discrimination and won a job no other woman had been given. Benefitted from the Feminist Movement We came to adulthood at such a transitional time. The expectations I had for my life when we finished college were very different 10 years later, when I embarked on a very satisfying career, and the feminist movement made it possible. The feminist movement helped me get all my earliest jobs — I was generally one of the few women in the relevant organization and have to believe being female was at least one reason jobs came so easily. I actually benefitted a lot from the opportunities that had just opened up for women when I was ready to enter graduate school and the job market. It took a lot of moxie to blaze the trail, but there were always some sensitive sensible men around to offer encouragement. Just way too few female role models! Opportunities became available that were missing just a few short years before. I ended up by doing work that I never would have expected to do. I often had the feeling that I was somehow a fake, but nevertheless managed to survive and even do some good. The feminist movement encouraged me to return to graduate school and earn a PhD in entomology. Feminism allowed me to live this wonderful life to the fullest. It gave me the courage to get divorced, find a profession and be myself. I hit the academic job market at exactly the point that major universities were starting to wake up to the need to hire women. In effect I was an affirmative action hire. The feminist movement gave me courage to try my wings professionally. It also has made me feel somewhat inadequate because I have been primarily a wife and mother. I have had opportunities that didn't exist a generation earlier, but also missed out on opportunities that would have been much easier to avail myself of a generation later. I went to law school and became a lawyer. There was no way I would not have a professional career, in any case, but the feminist movement made it easier for us, I think. Birth control was a given for me. Unwanted pregnancy has been a non-issue. Work opportunities have opened up. We were the generation that felt like pioneers doing what today's graduates assume they have to do. I couldn't have imagined getting a business degree as an undergraduate! I remember Polly Bunting exhorting us to be all we could be, but I couldn't see what she said relating to me. I was given the chance to prove myself professionally on an equal footing with men. I am sure opportunities came my way because I was [a competent] woman in the early days of the feminist movement I was not involved in the movement but it informed me as I found my voice for gay rights. I headed into a largely male career right out of college; the primary effect of the feminist movement has been to give me far more women colleagues than would otherwise have happened It was very rare for women to attend architecture school in 1962; by the time I managed to get there (fall of 1979) the class was 50% female. I regretted that it took so long, but have never regretted getting this long-delayed education. Barely Affected by Feminism Harvard-Radcliffe didn't help here. Only later in life did I reflect on our second class living arrangements in Cambridge. My career choice was in a traditionally feminine helping profession, so I didn't struggle there. My own reluctance to push boundaries at home delayed made my own career and I think a glass ceiling affected my progress through my professional life. Nevertheless, I ended up with much more satisfaction than I would ever have anticipated. I was raised by modernist, feminist parents: much of my life has involved unlearning the cruder aspects of their teaching and learning the full Biblical perspective. I fought rather hard to get equal pay for equal work at my government agency—part of what you have to buck is where you started when you came, which in turn was affected by being female. I didn't have enough confidence in myself and believed what people told me some times too much—although when I entered graduate school, 1/2 of the small class was women. I wasn't mature enough to realize some of my capabilities. My family, however, was always supportive. Radcliffe was in many ways a lonely place in terms of real student support—and women also were aspiring to be part of Harvard—the Crimson vs. a Radcliffe paper, etc. I never was much of a feminist, but in many ways I managed to survive pretty well for my era in regard to being independent and 'pressing on'; e.g., I engaged in 'prepared' childbirth and all that, even changed doctors when I was about to attempt to have a child so that the group were supportive of what was fairly cutting edge at the time. And yet, I was also my own enemy. As a graduate student, I was taken advantage of and didn't really realize it as I might have now. The status of a brilliant man was overpowering. I majored in Architecture. When I asked about applying to the GSD prof. said 'We don't want women in architecture. So I married, went off and designed clothes in Paris. Twelve years later, divorced. Still wanting to design and build houses, I apply to local trade school which is starting up a class in plumbing and heating. They don't want me, say I'm not 'serious'. I go anyway (with a scholarship) and am the only one to pass the plumbing exam. Become the first female licensed master plumber in the state. It was a vehicle to get into the building business. Later, after partner dies, I focus on designing kitchens and bathrooms. The plumbing experience is invaluable now. Because I am a woman I have been forced to work for myself in my chosen field as nobody would hire me as a plumber - they said because I was a woman. Not that that's a bad thing! Customers loved me (I no longer do plumbing, hence past tense) because I was non-threatening, reliable, explained what I was going to do and always cleaned up after my work. I also worked for cheap for the elderly, many of whom lived in my town. I had always been encouraged to find my own strengths. If I were five years younger, I'd probably have had more of a career, more affordable child care, etc. By changing countries I found my 'American' identity was so striking that my 'female' identity often didn't register. I think I was allowed all sorts of freedoms, including professional ones, because I was unusual and this let me rise through some of what would otherwise have been barriers. I just a little too old—and probably too innately conservative—to have changed my behavior as a response to it. But it provided a perspective completely different from mine for my daughters, and of course I have had to react to that. I was very confused at Radcliffe—I didn't know how to make my education work for me and my model was my mother, who didn't attend college. My grandmothers had, however—one Radcliffe 1904 and one Bryn Mawr, also 1904. They took me under their wings as a child, teaching me what they loved—Latin, French, poetry, Shakespeare—but by college they had died and my parents were far away. As a result, I struggled to maintain my grades and figure out what I should do. Ultimately, my time abroad followed up by working at a nonprofit and then seeing my daughter assume she would work and supported by her father allowed me to understand the feminist movement and its importance to women— and men. Not much could be changed in my life as my way of thinking was too deeply engrained. Also, living abroad in a country where the changes are slower. However my daughters feel the impact and this has an indirect effect on me. As a mother of daughters—both strong feminists—I cannot help but be affected. Not Affected I was an only child, so I got a lot of parental mentoring that would have gone to a brother had I had one. I did not pursue a career; but if I had, I think the feminist movement would have benefited me in pursuing a career. Studying piano and organ has been open to women for a long while! This one is hard to judge in some ways. The atmosphere in the early 60s led me to high school teaching rather than pursuing graduate work for an academic career. On the other hand, I could argue that I accomplished at least as much in the high school classroom and beyond as I would have in a postsecondary setting. I was surrounded by people who were passionately involved in the movement, yet I didn't seek sisterhood in it. I may have always partially thought of myself as a male due to my father's choosing me as his first child to receive some of his investment of ego and concern. As a musician, I have never felt sexist discrimination. I think the feminist movement has been over-emphasized in our society. In my profession, success has been determined by merit, rather than gender, during the years of my career. I was a high school teacher but stopped working for pay during the years my children were at home and became heavily involved in volunteer activities. The big changes and opportunities came too late for women of our generation in business. See my narrative report. But I think your statement above is a little oversimplified. Plenty of women with grit got that free rein. My mother wouldn't marry until she had a job and could support herself. This was before the mid20th century. That was my lesson. My mother had a professional job, my aunt had a professional job, and I assumed that's what women did! My mother provided a spirited and energetic model which encouraged me to seek changes in antiquated policies even before feminism took hold. I feel my voice has been heard and balance of power in my marriage. My husband has been the primary bread-winner The Bad Old Days When I was at Radcliffe, I took Nat Sci 9 because Cecilia Payne-Gaposhkin who taught it was the only female full professor at Harvard. We were all fully briefed about how the Govt department selected Lloyd over Susan Rudolph for the professorship covering India, although she was much better and both his wife and former pupil Imagine that we graduated before Rowe v. Wade! Men were not allowed above the first floor of the dorms, we were not allowed - except for extreme weather - wear 'male attire' below the second floor of the dorms. I recall being led past a cage full of books in the basement of the Radcliffe Library. 'This is the X cage, which houses a collection of books and studies by various women,' the tour guide said, and we passed by quickly. Oh, the work on women's history that later emerged from that 'X' cage. . . I had never known a professional woman except teachers until I went to college, and had been limited to expect to be a teacher, nurse, or secretary. Persisting Inequalities and Worries for the Future 'Even most Radcliffe women...?' My sense is that women at the non-male institution affiliated seven sisters were more encouraged/mentored to develop their potential than we were at Harvard/Radcliffe. I first taught social science classes in a Women's Studies program at a large public university in 1976, made personally significant by having 3 daughters all of whom attended a very different Harvard with respect to surface equity! Apparently many undergraduate and graduate students don't 'see' the continuing gender effects existing. In contrast, for 'our' Class of 1962, differences in the social regulations and educational opportunities for men and women were public. (See MIT's study of female faculty for a discussion of how subtle, 'invisible' differences early on can have long-term effects.) I did not do the consciousness raising, feminist thing. I lived it and supported some of its goals. My question is where is it now? Do young women care about any of the goals like equal pay or abortion rights, or are they just interested in making money? Are they feminists? As one of the first women full professors at my university, I was often called upon to serve on committees that had been all male. I felt glad to do this but on the other hand the university, for me, remained a male club and I was disappointed never to rise to administrative positions. As a woman, I feel the indignities strongly. They are still pervasive despite the progress and have deformed men as well as women. The process of equality has taken much longer than I thought it would. Harvard Comments with “daughter” (41) Married to a strong woman, and as father of two talented young women, I necessarily took an interest in the women's movement and the benefits it could have close to home. My daughters are the beneficiaries of the efforts of women of our generation, and their supports. My wife and daughter have been greatly affected and I somewhat by association My wife, daughter, mother, and mother-in-law, and female colleagues at work have always been My wife, a very successful university professor, is a living embodiment of the women's movement. We have always had a marriage of complete equality and sharing, including in the raising of our daughter, now also a university professor (I wonder why). My first wife caught the wave and went to medical school. my second runs her own business. And I have two daughters. . . From the beginning, the movement 'made sense' to me as another aspect of the Civil Rights movement. It impacted the way I parented my daughter and I'm very happy to see how fulfilled a whole person she is. My mother would have been a physician were it possible in her day. My wife and daughter are - very fulfilling for them. With four daughters (two brought me by my third wife.) and four (soon to be five) granddaughters, I'm VERY thankful for the feminist movement! Also, where would I/we be without Mary Catherine Bateson, Mary Oliver, and Donella Meadows? (So go qv!) Three daughters makes a difference in perspective. [Winner, Class ’62 of Understatement Award] I am the husband of an intelligent woman and the father of two intelligent, strong-minded, and well educated daughters. Primary impact on my life is the realization that my wife did not have the same opportunities coming out of college as did I. The opportunities for our daughter and her contemporary women in business, sports etc. are gratifying as we move, albeit slowly, towards more of a meritocracy.at least regarding gender. If not my wife, my daughter has an unequivocal sense of gender equality. our daughters all believed that had a right to be right and exercised sufficient independence to lead meaningful lives I have an accomplished wife and daughter. Their lives have been affected. My wife and 2 daughters are infinitely better off because of this change It has been a positive event for my wife and daughter I wanted our daughters to feel there were no gender-based limits on careers they could follow. My wife has been a feminist (and so have I). she and I raised three daughters while we both were professors. My daughters combine families (two children each) and careers (lawyer, therapist, novelist). And now I'm watching my four granddaughters and two grandsons mature. I have a wife and a daughter, so I could hardly avoid being affected. I would hardly dare to give my wife advice, but we did try very hard to raise our daughter with high aspirations and without any hint that gender is limiting. About ten years ago, I was chair of a committee on promoting advancement of women in plasma physics, and I'll never forget telling my teen-age daughter about this and having her say that girls weren't interested in stuff like that, they were more interested in shopping. However she did grow up to be a biologist. [Winner, Class of ‘62 Roll with the punch, you never can tell award.) I have a wife who worked, a daughter who works, several daughters-in-law who work, and two granddaughters — how could I not be affected! I also work every day with talented woman lawyers. And my mother worked till she was 90. I am thrilled by the accomplishments of my wife, daughters, and our women friends. [Amen! –editor] I have three daughters and a feminist wife, and I see the gains in women's rights as a parallel to the gains in the civil rights and gay rights movements. I had a daughter—-need I say more!! [Double amen!! Runner-up, understatement. –editor] My good wife's staying home until high school time, as more than a full time mother (her militant choice), contributed more than any other possible course of action to our daughter's freedom to be herself. Very conscious of opportunities for my daughters. married a strong and aware wife. watched my students and my profession change very rapidly. learned to be aware of discrimination, of gender blinders and of vocabulary in ways that were personal growth opportunities. It meant that my children, all daughters, could achieve their potential. Have enjoyed watching my wife [] grow from a shy girl to an outgoing, self-confident women. Equally pleased that my sons have married smart self-directed women, and I am eager to see my grand-daughter follow in their steps. I am the father of three daughters. Their lives were significantly different in terms of opportunity from their mother's. The birth of my first daughter was a watershed moment for me. I have seen in my profession enormous advancement by women that was unimaginable when I was in school. First: I have worked for and with women much of my adult life, and benefited greatly from this. I have a daughter, 5 granddaughters, 4 stepdaughters - I want the world fully available to them. I do not want to think they could be treated as one of my professors, Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin, was treated. Second: Radcliffe NEVER should have folded, robbing its graduates of the power of having been nurtured in a place committed to absolute equality with men. Wellesley is an exceptional example of sovereign commitment to women's empowerment. My daughter is a lesbian and works on GLBT issues My daughter has married her wonderful partner, in Massachusetts and is a mother. Thanks to them and to many others close to me, I know deeply the value of recognizing people as people Insofar as my daughter came out right after college, and has enjoyed the most fabulous relationship with her spectacular partner of 10+ years. (Did I mention I am just crazy about both of them?) I came out of the closet in 1977 - 15 years after leaving Harvard. That year I met the man I am still living with 34 years later. We got legally married at Cambridge City Hall in 2009. Together we raised my/our daughter through high school and college. I worked as a HIV/AIDS educator in public health clinics and as a psychotherapist/counselor at the first residential facility for people living with AIDS in Jacksonville Florida in the 1990s. I have a lesbian daughter. My daughter has opportunities that would have come to women only with difficulty when I was young. Although my own life has, otherwise, been only 'somewhat affected,' in a larger framework I'm enormously grateful about the successes of the various civil rights movements. Comments with “mother” [6 above, 9 here] My mother became a strong woman when my dad divorced her in 1946, and my mom, sister and I moved 2,500 miles away and were on our own. Equality for women was built into the bedrock of the atoms and molecules of our existence. I was almost born a feminist. Years later, first male member, [] Area League of Women Voters. I had to learn my wife was not going to be like my mother. I do at least half he cooking.—I have mentored women leaders. I have respect and admiration for women achieving careers. I only wish my Radcliffe 1939 mother could have benefitted from it. My mother was very bright and influential, so I had a head start on this movement. Radcliffe built on that, and my career as a lawyer/judge really just build further. My Mother was a strong role model, so I grew up loving women. Even though I grew . up in an age of male dominance, I learned to respect women for their strengths and . personalities and preferences. My mother and aunts were all college-educated women of high achievement. So were their friends. Feminism seemed unnecessary, at worst a form of self-promotion My mother was the CEO of a major publishing company and was a major influence on my life. Grew up in family with mother working full-time and in full partnership with father around the house and in all decisions. Literally never occurred to me to disrespect women though also only lukewarm activist in their support when others did disrespect them. Have watched society catch up. Because of my field of research, my mother and my wife, it transformed my life Comments with “wife” [19 with daughter, 3 with mother, 30 here, = 52) I have been a feminist from Day 1, including changing jobs in order to be home with my kids when my wife took a demanding job requiring constant travel. My wife has carved out a career in the non-profit world. feminist professional wife My wife made her own way without much help from activists. My wife turned out to be an invaluable partner in my career. Shortly after our twenty-fifth reunion, I left academic medicine and went into private practice. At first this career change did not go well. About three years later I asked my wife to manage the practice. Her skill, independence, and toughness made the difference in turning the practice into a very successful enterprise. My first wife joined a consciousness-raising group in the mid-70's and shortly thereafter our marriage ended, which probably enabled us both to grow in ways we couldn't have together. Positive: My wife has had an active, professional, respected career — and that has enhanced my life as well. Negative: I had a female supervisor who used her feminism as a weapon. I didn't survive there, The most interesting and exciting women (e. g. my second/current wife) are those who've explored their full professional and personal potential. It took long and difficult discussion for my wife and I to work through this issue, because it is so difficult to get past cultural assumptions that one grows up with. We were married right after graduation and we are still married. I am a feminist for the simplest of reasons. Fairness and equality are owed to every citizen in our land. My wife has been much involved in women's career development. I am one of a fairly small percentage of Harvard graduates who has never married. At the same time I am not gay. I am not a sexual virgin either, but I have had no lasting relationships. Had I married it probably would have been at about age 30 to a women from a different nation (New Zealand), and that would have totally changed my career which was just beginning in PA. Of my very best friends one has been divorced twice (now has a third wife) while another has a stable marriage but no children. 'Ozzie and Harriet' type families probably still exist in the USA, but they are certainly not as common as they were when we were undergraduates. my wife gained an international position of high regard in the financial world My wife's career was paramount in our 20s and 30s, and its priority is a partial although not total explanation of why we chose not to have children. My wife is a professor of chemistry. Many good female students have been in our research group. My wife was at the transition point, entering the actuarial field when her salary was deliberately set at 2/3 that of a comparable male because she was expected to leave the workforce and have babies. My wife has been and is very involved in women's volunteer and educational organizations. The feminist movement has not directly affected me, except that I saw in the military over many years the advances women have made. I prefer strong women who do something with their lives, and I am very happy to have a wife more successful in her career (nursing and then academia in the nursing and public health field) than I am. My first wife was a successful banker and still is. She was among the first in her company forty years ago to be elected an officer of her bank. Her success has meant a great deal to our children and to her own ultimate independence My wife was strongly affected. I've come to realize and accept my wife's need for fulfillment and a sense of importance, through working, now that rearing our own children is past. I think that many of our Radcliffe classmates were ahead of their time (meaning ahead of the feminist movement that emerged in the next decade) in their aspirations and in their achievements. While for others, including my wife, it took some years of transition following 1962. I encouraged my wife to enter graduate school when she was well into her 30's and embark on an entirely new career as a clinical psychologist. She had to work very hard for a great many years. My great reward for supporting her in her adventure is seeing what she is able to do to help others make their lives more fulfilling. Sharing my wife's problems and successes during the last 50 years—I've shared part of the feminist revolution. I have long been interested and engaged in feminist and gender issues. My former wife and continuing best friend is one of the leading feminist scholars of our generation, an honorary degree recipient at Harvard and longtime professor at the Institute of Advanced Study My wife has been a great inspiration to me, showing me what women have the potential to accomplish — not by offices held, but by the compassionate work that is done. Mainly through the resulting opportunities afforded my wife. My wife, who has a very successful career in medicine, has taught me a lot — mainly because I have learned the pleasure of living with a woman who has her own life. My wife, while not a 'feminist', is living her life in a rich and fulfilling manner. We encourage each other to be open and straightforward in our communication with one another — and also with others. My wife had her own career when I met her, and she still does. It forced me to grow and respect women. My wife has a very senior, sensitive and demanding job in the national security area of the federal government. She would not have this type of job 40 to 50 years ago. Other, mostly very positive I have been a strong advocate for the increased use of women in the military. I have strenuous objection to actions of Harvard to arbitrarily limit the choice of its students by prohibiting ROTC and/or military recruiting. I treat women with the respect they deserve, on a case by case basis, and expect the same from them. Women were finally allowed to be equal Physicians with men. The feminist movement created a very different marriage for me than for my parents. Living with a feminist meant occasional hostility from her and her friends. both my own attitudes and multiple interactions with others I have been very much involved in the 'men's movement,' which was, I believe, inspired by the women's movement. Although not an ardent 'women's liber', I have always admired women and enjoyed their company, both socially and professionally, as equal or superior, so I am very happy that they have received much greater recognition in recent years. I've really enjoyed watching my female colleagues, friends, and relatives find their way into positions they might never have attained when I was young, and I admire the richness and diversity of their contributions to community and to family life. supportive and represent values of integrity and honesty. (The same has been true of male friends.) wives have careers, too The quality of my working environment has become increasingly affected by the ever-growing number of women in that environment. Progress in gender equality is one of the major developments in my lifetime in USA. This is an entirely positive development on every level. Most of the movement delivered a positive impact on my life, and I wish it had matured a few decades earlier. People are people. sex should not be the factor. The freedom, which women now have, and there is still a long way to go, to pursue their interests is important to our present living well-being is critical to future global survival. As a male, I have always strongly supported most of the feminist agenda, but I have not been personally affected much. My chosen profession, law, has become feminized, and to the good I have been part of volunteer organizations - Jaycees and Rotary - who have been at the forefront of allowing female membership. It has meant a lot to my involvement in both organizations. Many of my supervisors have been women, whom I hope I have respected regardless of their sex. Feminism brought with it female assertiveness and divorce. it has also produced equality in malefemale friendships and professional associations Worked for many women bosses, and they were all excellent. Fifty years has brought about much change favorable to women. Now many. educators and thinkers are concerned boys are being left behind. Gratifyingly, the very democratic US Attorney's Office had lots of women in leadership and peer positions. Gender was really basically irrelevant. As it should be. While working hard to overcome the unconscious biases I absorbed during an upbringing in a malecentered society, I have also been active in promoting the advancement of women's rights and status. Women are still little represented in my research field. This is getting better slowly in computer SCIENCE, but only at a glacial pace in computer ENGINEERING. I don't believe I've ever had an issue with women in the workforce and have always welcomed them. During my years of interviewing and hiring large numbers of engineers I've probably hired as many women as men. My one big issue is with women who play the feminist issue too strongly. Frankly, they're a turnoff and I've rarely hired these women for fear they would be disruptive in the workplace. I have always gravitated towards strong women. They're just more fun. The feminist movement has empowered them and I have been the beneficiary. Most of the women whom I know had all the advantages and opportunities which I had. For them, the major contribution of feminism has been to provide a ready excuse for their failings. It really rocked my first marriage, for better and worse. When growing up I was never exposed to the idea that women should not pursue goals of professional or personal achievement, the whole idea of 'sexism' was, and is, a mystery to me. And happily, I was in an academic field which has long had admirable women practitioners (I think my department at the University of Wisconsin usually had a higher percentage of women on the faculty than any other department apart from Nursing). Not least because I am the father of three girls, and no boys. That really converted me! In my field (psychiatry) women are beginning to outnumber men and this has enhanced the profession immensely I can now have friends and colleagues who are women. Probably because I began teaching (at the graduate/professional level) in 1971 and worked with students for the next forty years. I learned from the students and for the students. I've been tremendously influenced by the ideas and ideals of strong women throughout my life. I am still amazed that Japan keeps women down. Their status is rising, but at a glacial pace. My early willingness to hire and train bright, educated women gave me a competitive advantage over most of my peers who paid the same money to hire less talented men. Feminists put happy homemakers in an uncomfortable bind, the results of which are still to be measured. The woman I fell in love with and married and still am with did not need the feminist movement to be sure of herself, self-confident in many ways, unconflicted about having a career, asserting opinions, saying what she thinks. Possibly she was encouraged to do this by the feminist movement but I doubt it. As a male I was only indirectly involved, and personally I've always lived amongst very able and very independent women. My view is a bit Marxist: the economy needed working women. I do regret the cost some of them paid for what should have come more easily. I have been a lawyer in a large firm all my adult life. When I began, there were very few professional women at the firm. now, women constitute at least 50% of the professionals. Women certainly should be given the same opportunities as men, but absolute equality is unreachable because we are all mammals, and females must do 99% of the reproductive work. Men have made such a mess of things it's unlikely women could do worse. Perhaps better. In 2000 women comprised approx. 35% of practicing ObGyns. By 2020 they will be ~66%. Women have been a very significant source of my post-doctoral education in ObGyn I had to defend women I hired from overt anger expressed by males who did not like the competition and sexual tension that women brought to their chosen professions. Put me in tough positions in the 1970's in particular and ruined families of some men that I directed. We worked it out in the 1980's. I like women. I'm married to an excellent woman. I like working with women, and enjoy their company and perspective. I married an MIT undergraduate (who later received her degree from Harvard, 1964). She has been a lifelong partner in both research and raising a family. However, we together needed to break some new ground so that we both could pursue our passions. I have mentored and collaborated with an extraordinarily large group of extraordinary women. .Some of the brightest and most productive employees, teammates and executives in my companies over the years have been women. Great admiration for 'feminists'. My relationship with my current partner depends on my shedding 'my father's beliefs' about women's role in our society. Women have been prominent in my profession and added to its quality. As a male, I approve of the direction things have moved, but I am not sure I have been directly affected much. I believe it has improved the climate in business and many other organization, e.g. the priesthood in the Episcopal church. I'd like to see the trend toward equality continue. Strongly affected two wives, not all for the good. I grew up in a very traditional home, and expected to have the same as an adult. That expectation was a factor in the breakup of my first marriage. As I evolved and became more appreciative of the new reality, I became a better husband, father, manager and person. I have been married for 33 years and have had to adapt to very different circumstance than the expectations I bought into. Saw first-hand what single-sex education could do for some women in the 1980s, and how it differs from coeducational settings. Watched women close to me gain their voices and become powerful. As a male, I learned a lot about gender relations which carry over to interpersonal relations in general. I not so sure about women in the priesthood. Since 1965 I have hired and worked for women. So I was an 'early adopter' and got the picture early in life. By the time I was looking for academic jobs, institutions — appropriately — needed women (and to a much lesser extent, minorities). My longest of two relationships (25 years) was to a strong feminist. Changes in gender relations were probably the most significant social development in our lifetime, within the U.S. Equality of women is still a goal, not a fact. When we graduated there were numerous careers excluded or limited women. Things have gotten better, but still unsolved is the problem of how to have both a career and a family. (I am a man.) Feminism has been central to a broad rethinking of politics and of the nature of oppression. Moved women into medicine, especially OB/GYN in a huge way. My life not affected, but I'm glad of the results. As a university professor I was aware of and affected by feminism of many kinds from the beginning. It changed the way I saw the world, changed the way I teach, changed the content of my teaching, and more. I also had a front-row seat in observing the development of feminist thought over several generations. I wonder why it is only women who claim to have to face a decision between career and family. I am male and I had to face that decision. Not sure I made the proper balance. Most of my best friends have been and are fully 'liberated' women—who are much more interesting than pre-movement women were able to be. Since I began to teach at Harvard almost 50 years ago at the graduate level, women in both the student body and professoriate have multiplied exponentially, and their impact (and trials) have been even greater. Initially (in the 70's), women as business executives were somewhat unpredictable as to their effectiveness. As the decades progressed, so did the skill level. At this point, competence is largely gender neutral. Examples of outstandingly successful women has changed my view of women as less capable than men to more capable than men in all spheres that don't depend on physical strength. Insofar as it went along with and reinforced the greater understanding of homosexuality, and tolerance for it, it was important personally. And of course several women I know and love have benefitted from it. It seems that women's liberation also liberated men in many ways. I think the effect on most men is that it has made more likely being part a two-income marriage in which both spouses are professionals. Both my girls got post grad degrees and delayed child bearing, but they both have children. The women in my life have been strong, thoughtful, and independent. I've supported feminist goals all my life. In my Center there are 50 professionals, all MDs or PhDs, 15 men and 35 women. This represents a complete bouleversement from the situation that obtained 40 years ago. This remarkable change reflects a greater number of women being educated at a doctoral level over these 40 years and probably lots of other things as well! It fueled a major struggle as we tried to change our expectations of ourselves and each other. We both learned a lot. Not easy, but overall it was a positive force and added to the quality of my life. I believe that the increased competition from women and the militant views of many women have interfered with my achievement. Despite advances in opportunity, women continue to experience bias, both explicit and implicit. To the degree that continues to exist, the larger society suffers because it is deprived of significant intellectual contributions to addressing its problems The 'movement' groups (women, blacks, immigrants, et al) have always been personally viewed without rancor or degradation. thus I've always accepted and treated individuals falling within these segments with whatever respect their actions earned. I'm not an American In Soc. Rel. 120 I raised a ruckus by arguing that cannot judge males and females differently on sexual activity. Remained strong advocate for women's intellectual, occupational, and political equality and ability to choose family or career. World came around to my point of view. My professional field, fundraising, has become dominated by women. American women are still oppressed People should be treated as people, whether male or female. The best part of the feminist movement is that my male peers can no longer get away with the horrendous acts they perpetrated in the past. Having grown up in a Quaker family, women were always equals and I assumed they always were. Grandma was a minister who shared the pulpit with Grandpa! I have been impressed and pleased by the way women have become respected and accomplished leaders, aided certainly by the opportunities that have been opened up to them over the years. I have also been impressed by the way that Harvard and other institutions of higher education have shown equality in that classes typically have 50-50 women-men or more, like 55-45 in favor of women. Women are great. I enjoy working with them here in Vietnam and being with them in general. But, I enjoy my guy buddies too. Fact is I like people! am for it I suppose I have delayed some of the impact on me by moving in Asia I was always for 'liberation' in all forms, and so adding feminism to my socialist conscience was more of a natural development or enlargement of the sphere than a change in direction It has been a joy to treat women with respect, whether on the tennis court where I play with them as equals to men, or in the corporate world where the same is true. And socially, and sensually, it has been great to share on equal terms. We are fortunate to have received many of the benefits of this movement. Working with many capable women Everyone's better for it. Among other things, I spent 25 years working to convince adolescent girls that interest in the sciences, the study of the sciences, and the pursuit of the scientific professions were as appropriate and as accessible to women as to men. Women given preference in promotion Favorite Comment I found out a lot about women.