1
Supporting Information
The smell of change: warming affects ecological interactions mediated by chemical information
Arnaud Sentis, Felipe Ramon-Portugal, Jacques Brodeur and Jean-Louis Hemptinne
Appendix S1. Methods for chemical analyses
Elucidation of the structure of compounds from the n-hexane extract was carried out by GC-MS
(TSQ Quantum GC; Thermo Scientific) operated by electron impact at 70 eV using a helium carrier at 1.2 ml.min
-1 under the following temperatures: source: 200°C, interface between GC and MS modules: 250°C, splitless injector: 280°C. Samples of 1 μl were automatically injected
(AS3000 II; Thermo Scientific). A capillary column (Restek RTX- MS; 30 m

0.25 mm, 0.25
μm film thickness) was used. The temperature program of the oven was set to 50°C for 1 min, then from 50 to 140°C at 20°C per min, then from 140 to 300°C at 3°C per min, and finally held at 300°C for 3 min. The mass spectra were scanned from 60 to 450 m/z. On-line data acquisition was carried out with Xcalibur software (Thermo Finnigan, MA, USA).
To identify chemical compounds from larval infochemicals, a selected ion monitoring at m/z = 85
value was initially carried out (Lockey, 1988, Nelson, 1993) to locate peaks corresponding to
hydrocarbons. The compound’s structure was then identified using the mass spectral fragmentation patterns, comparison of the retention times with those of injected known compounds, NIST library spectra, and corroborated by their Kovats retention indices (KIs)
(Kovats, 1965, Carlson et al.
, 1998). A standard mixture of alkanes, from n-C12 to n-C60
(Supelco, Sigma-Aldrich, 0.01% w/w each component), was used as a qualitative and

2 quantitative reference. The quantification in μg per litre and per replicate (30 tubes) of each compound was carried out using a correlation between the area of the peaks and the concentrations of the linear alkanes. Names of the identified compounds were abbreviated according to IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature.
References
Carlson DA, Bernier UR, Sutton BD (1998) Elution patterns from capillary GC for methylbranched alkanes. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24 , 1845-1865.
Kovats E (1965) Gas chromatographic characterization of organic substances in the retention index system. Adv. Chromatogr, 1 , 229-247.
Lockey KH (1988) Lipids of the insect cuticle: origin, composition and function. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 89 , 595-645.
Nelson DR (1993) Methyl-branched lipids in insects. In: Insect lipids: chemistry, biochemistry and biology. (eds Stanley-Samuelson DW, Nelson DR) pp 271-315. University of
Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE.

7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
39
40
41
42
35
36
37
38
43
44
31
32
33
34
27
28
29
30
23
24
25
26
19
20
21
22
15
16
17
18
11
12
13
14
45
3
Table S1.
Results of the qualitative and quantitative (μg per 30 larvae) analyses of the compounds present in infochemicals emitted by Adalia bipunctata larvae at 15, 20, and 25°C. NI: non-identified infochemical. KI: Kovats index.
Number Compound nC14 nC16 nC18 nC20 nC21 nC22
9-MeC22 nC23
9-MeC23
5-MeC23
5,15-diMeC23 nC24
9-MeC24 nC25
9-MeC25
9,13-diMeC25
9,x-diMeC25
3-MeC25
5,17-diMeC25 nC26
NI (KI = 2604)
9-MeC26
5-MeC26
4-MeC26
2-MeC26 nC27
11-MeC27
9-MeC27
7-MeC27
5-MeC27
11,15-diMeC27
9,15-diMeC27
3-MeC27
5,19-diMeC27 nC28
X-MeC28
10-MeC28
6-MeC28
4-MeC28
9,X-diMeC28 nC29
13-MeC29/11-MeC29/9-MeC29
5-MeC29
9,12 or 9,17-diMeC29
5,17-diMeC29
Retention time (min)
7.96
11.44
16.37
22.02
24.93
27.69
28.72
30.51
31.48
31.75
43.05
43.15
43.77
44.01
44.33
44.99
45.36
46.05
46.43
46.67
41.41
41.5
41.62
41.86
42.02
42.14
42.41
42.61
37.8
38.24
38.39
39.08
39.41
39.61
39.77
40.7
32.68
33.12
34.05
35.74
36.68
37.28
37.45
37.56
47.03
15°C
Mean (SE)
-
0.0728 (0.0187)
0.0668 (0.0088)
0.0423 (0.0043)
0.6417 (0.0295)
0.0499 (0.001)
0.0099 (0.0057)
0.5247 (0.0201)
1.1121 (0.0437)
0.004 (0.004)
0.0197 (0.0011)
0.0345 (0.0021)
0.051 (0.0022)
0.151 (0.0046)
1.1232 (0.0459)
0.0563 (0.0017)
0.0217 (0.0009)
0.0328 (0.0019)
0.1365 (0.0047)
0.0633 (0.0008)
0.0205 (0.0011)
0.0404 (0.0015)
0.0068 (0.0042)
0.0291 (0.0023)
0.0066 (0.0038)
0.2064 (0.0087)
0.1391 (0.0047)
0.2934 (0.0122)
0.0198 (0.0029)
0.5417 (0.0345)
0.0359 (0.0025)
0.1541 (0.0032)
0.1203 (0.0135)
0.0602 (0.0064)
0.0574 (0.0031)
0.0455 (0.0042)
0.1241 (0.0057)
0.0131 (0.0047)
0.0352 (0.0006)
-
0.1636 (0.005)
1.139 (0.0458)
0.0568 (0.0021)
0.4802 (0.0134)
0.1229 (0.0053)
20°C
Mean (SE)
0.0845 (0.0462)
0.14 (0.0448)
0.0786 (0.0194)
0.0499 (0.0118)
0.6227 (0.0453)
0.0556 (0.0068)
-
0.601 (0.0336)
0.9541 (0.0596)
-
0.009 (0.0053)
0.0413 (0.0066)
0.0438 (0.0048)
0.2077 (0.0121)
1.0048 (0.0587)
0.0638 (0.0039)
0.0208 (0.0007)
0.0446 (0.0041)
0.1411 (0.0069)
0.0987 (0.0086)
0.023 (0.0022)
0.038 (0.0021)
0.023 (0.0025)
0.0532 (0.0035)
0.0282 (0.001)
0.3452 (0.0295)
0.1176 (0.0178)
0.307 (0.0234)
0.0306 (0.0021)
0.8209 (0.0442)
0.041 (0.0021)
0.1601 (0.0085)
0.1772 (0.0116)
0.0581 (0.0049)
0.0872 (0.0113)
0.061 (0.0059)
0.1471 (0.0034)
0.0273 (0.0013)
0.0414 (0.0026)
-
0.2686 (0.0311)
1.1823 (0.038)
0.0854 (0.004)
0.4837 (0.0111)
0.1504 (0.0085)
25°C
Mean (SE)
-
0.0251 (0.0163)
0.0456 (0.003)
0.035 (0.0031)
1.1341 (0.1023)
0.0743 (0.0079)
0.0157 (0.0091)
1.1592 (0.1276)
1.8482 (0.1371)
0.026 (0.0022)
0.0412 (0.004)
0.0594 (0.0059)
0.0969 (0.0103)
0.4053 (0.0496)
1.824 (0.1371)
0.1151 (0.008)
0.0406 (0.0035)
0.0816 (0.0083)
0.2641 (0.0213)
0.1724 (0.0214)
0.0432 (0.005)
0.073 (0.0083)
0.0408 (0.0062)
0.0905 (0.012)
0.0467 (0.0033)
0.6272 (0.0725)
0.221 (0.0164)
0.5787 (0.065)
0.0507 (0.0076)
1.3392 (0.1385)
0.0748 (0.0067)
0.2922 (0.0194)
0.3274 (0.0357)
0.1003 (0.0084)
0.1289 (0.0093)
0.0862 (0.0106)
0.2373 (0.0249)
0.0444 (0.0047)
0.077 (0.0064)
0.0034 (0.0034)
0.4581 (0.0492)
2.0789 (0.2239)
0.1605 (0.0215)
0.8596 (0.0675)
0.2675 (0.0223)

4
57
58
59
60
61
53
54
55
56
Total
46
47
48
49
50
51
52 nC30
14-MeC30 and 12-MeC30
4-MeC30 nC31
15-MeC31
13-MeC31/11-MeC31/9 MeC31
5-MeC31 nC32
14-MeC32
12-MeC32/10-MeC32
NI (KI = 3248) nC33
13-MeC33 and 11-MeC33
11,14 or 11,19-diMeC33
5-MeC33
NI (KI=3451)
51.93
52.35
52.57
53.06
54.13
54.77
55.28
55.68
57.43
47.59
48.2
48.76
49.79
50.45
50.96
51.38
0.1372 (0.0074)
0.2021 (0.0101)
0.0736 (0.0052)
0.1007 (0.001)
0.9813 (0.0412)
0.5188 (0.0139)
0.0649 (0.0056)
0.1779 (0.0069)
0.2418 (0.0054)
0.0905 (0.0031)
0.1888 (0.019)
1.0808 (0.0377)
0.5805 (0.02)
0.0981 (0.0047)
0.2676 (0.0244)
0.3903 (0.046)
0.1443 (0.0189)
0.3498 (0.0397)
1.9475 (0.2163)
0.9851 (0.0987)
0.1561 (0.0195)
0.0679 (0.0036)
0.0578 (0.0045)
0.1829 (0.0085)
0.1873 (0.0107)
-
0.3064 (0.0154)
0.4531 (0.0166)
0.0585 (0.007)
0.095 (0.0035)
0.0747 (0.0041)
0.2379 (0.0085)
0.2348 (0.0094)
0.0326 (0.0113)
0.379 (0.0204)
0.506 (0.0168)
0.0667 (0.0051)
0.1511 (0.0167)
0.1504 (0.0221)
0.3801 (0.0467)
0.3379 (0.0395)
0.0926 (0.0088)
0.6716 (0.0746)
0.8399 (0.0902)
0.0889 (0.0181)
0.0646 (0.0084) 0.0845 (0.0067) 0.1084 (0.0132)
11.5804 (0.4178) 13.1863 (0.5388) 22.8303 (2.1909)

5
Fig. S1.
Chromatograms of Adalia bipunctata larval infochemicals at (a) 15, (b) 20, and (c) 25°C obtained using a CG-MS after selected ion monitoring (SIM, Xcalibur data system) at m/z = 85.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Time (min)

6
Fig. S2.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations (NMDS) for the (a) qualitative and (b) quantitative composition of Adalia bipunctata larval infochemicals at 15, 20, and 25°C. Some symbols overlap because of identical results. The numbers correspond to the different chemical compounds identified in the larval infochemicals (See Table S1 for the names of these molecules). As indicated by their value on NMDS axis 1 and/or 2, compounds 1, 7, 10, 40, 57 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 40, 57 contributed most to the partition of the different clusters for the qualitative and the quantitative analyses, respectively.
(a)
(b)
NMDS axis 1