jane12148-sup-0003-AppendixS1

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Appendix S1. Citations of studies included in the meta-analysis.
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Bouskila A. (1995). Interactions between predation risk and competition: a field study of kangaroo rats
and snakes. Ecology, 76, 165-178.
Bowers M.A. (1988). Seed removal experiments on desert rodents: the microhabitat by moonlight
effect. J Mammal, 69, 201-204.
Bowers M.A. & Dooley J.L. (1993). Predation hazard and seed removal by small mammals: microhabitat
versus patch scale effects. Oecologia, 94, 247-254.
Brown J.S., Kotler B.P., Smith R.J. & Wirtz W.O. (1988). The effects of owl predation on the foraging
behavior of heteromyid rodents. Oecologia, 76, 408-415.
Colquhoun I.C. (1998). Cathemeral behavior of Eulemur macaco macaco at Ambato Massif, Madagascar.
Folia Primatol, 69, 22-34.
Corsini M.T., Lovari S. & Sonnino S. (1995). Temporal activity patterns of crested porcupines Hystrix
cristata. Journal of Zoology, 236, 43-54.
Cresswell W.J. & Harris S. (1988). The effects of weather conditions on the movements and activity of
badgers (Meles meles) in a suburban environment. Journal of Zoology, 216, 187-194.
Curtis D.J., Zaramody A. & Martin R.D. (1999). Cathemerality in the mongoose lemur, Eulemur mongoz.
Am J Primatol, 47, 279-298.
Daly M., Behrends P.R., Wilson M.I. & Jacobs L.F. (1992). Behavioral modulation of predation risk:
moonlight avoidance and crepuscular compensation in a nocturnal desert rodent, Dipodomys
merriami. Anim Behav, 44, 1-9.
Diaz M., Torre I., Peris A. & Tena L. (2005). Foraging behavior of wood mice as related to presence and
activity of genets. J Mammal, 86, 1178-1185.
Dickman C.R. (1992). Predation and habitat shift in the house mouse, Mus domesticus. Ecology, 73, 313322.
Donati G. & Borgognini-Tarli S.M. (2006). Influence of abiotic factors on cathemeral activity: The case of
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Donati G., Lunardini A., Kappeler P.M. & Tarli S.M.B. (2001). Nocturnal activity in the cathemeral redfronted lemur (Eulemur fulvus rufus), with observations during a lunar eclipse. Am J Primatol,
53, 69-78.
Elangovan V. & Marimuthu G. (2001). Effect of moonlight on the foraging behaviour of a
megachiropteran bat Cynopterus sphinx. Journal of Zoology, 253, 347-350.
Erkert H.G. (1974). Effect of moonlight on activity of nocturnal mammals. Oecologia, 14, 269-287.
Fernandez-Duque E. (2003). Influences of moonlight, ambient temperature, and food availability on the
diurnal and nocturnal activity of owl monkeys (Aotus azarai). Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 54, 431-440.
Fernandez-Duque E., de la Iglesia H. & Erkert H.G. (2010). Moonstruck primates: owl monkeys (Aotus)
need moonlight for nocturnal activity in their natural environment. Plos One, 5,
10.1371/journal.pone.0012572.
Gilbert B.S. & Boutin S. (1991). Effect of moonlight on winter activity of snowshoe hares. Arct Alp Res,
23, 61-65.
Griffin P.C., Griffin S.C., Waroquiers C. & Mills L.S. (2005). Mortality by moonlight: predation risk and the
snowshoe hare. Behav Ecol, 16, 938-944.
Gutman R., Dayan T., Levy O., Schubert I. & Kronfeld-Schor N. (2011). The effect of the lunar cycle on
fecal cortisol metabolite levels and foraging ecology of nocturnally and diurnally active spiny
mice. Plos One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0023446.
Hemami M.-R., Naderi G., Karami M. & Mohammadi S. (2011). Nocturnal activity of Iranian jerboa,
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Jahoda J.C. (1973). Effect of lunar cycle on activity pattern of Onychomys leucogastar breviauritus. J
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mammals in semiarid Chile: the interplay of biotic and abiotic effects. Ecology, 85, 383-397.
Kotler B.P., Brown J.S. & Hasson O. (1991). Factors affecting gerbil foraging behavior and rates of owl
predation. Ecology, 72, 2249-2260.
Kotler B.P., Brown J.S. & Mitchell W.A. (1993). Environmental factors affecting patch use in two species
of gerbilline rodents. J Mammal, 74, 614-620.
Lang A.B., Kalko E.K.V., Romer H., Bockholdt C. & Dechmann D.K.N. (2006). Activity levels of bats and
katydids in relation to the lunar cycle. Oecologia, 146, 659-666.
Lockard R.B. & Owings D.H. (1974a). Moon-related surface activity of bannertail (Dipodomys spectabilis)
and Fresno (D. nitratoides) kangaroo rats. Anim Behav, 22, 262-273.
Lockard R.B. & Owings D.H. (1974b). Seasonal variation in moonlight avoidance by bannertail kangaroo
rats. J Mammal, 55, 189-193.
Longland W.S. & Price M.V. (1991). Direct observations of owls and heteromyid rodents: Can predation
risk explain microhabitat use? Ecology, 72, 2261-2273.
Mandelik Y., Jones M. & Dayan T. (2003). Structurally complex habitat and sensory adaptations mediate
the behavioural responses of a desert rodent to an indirect cue for increased predation risk. Evol
Ecol Res, 5, 501-515.
Manson R.H. & Stiles E.W. (1998). Links between microhabitat preferences and seed predation by small
mammals in old fields. Oikos, 82, 37-50.
Michalski F. & Norris D. (2011). Activity pattern of Cuniculus paca (Rodentia: Cuniculidae) in relation to
lunar illumination and other abiotic variables in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Zoologia, 28,
701-708.
Orrock J.L. & Danielson B.J. (2004). Rodents balancing a variety of risks: invasive fire ants and indirect
and direct indicators of predation risk. Oecologia, 140, 662-667.
Overdorff D.J. (1995). Determinants of nighttime activity in "diurnal" lemurid primates. In: Creatures of
the dark: the nocturnal prosimians (eds. Alterman L, Doyle GA & Izard MK). Plenum Press New
York, pp. 61-74.
Packer C., Swanson A., Ikanda D. & Kushnir H. (2011). Fear of darkness, the full moon and the nocturnal
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Packer W.C. (1965). Environmental influences on daily and seasonal activity in Setonix brachyurus (quoy
and gaimard) (Marsupialia). Anim Behav, 13, 270-283.
Perea R., Gonzalez R., San Miguel A. & Gil L. (2011). Moonlight and shelter cause differential seed
selection and removal by rodents. Anim Behav, 82, 717-723.
Price M.V., Waser N.M. & Bass T.A. (1984). Effects of moonlight on microhabitat use by desert rodents. J
Mammal, 65, 353-356.
Prugh L.R. & Brashares J.S. (2010). Basking in the moonlight? Illumination increases the capture success
of the endangered giant kangaroo rat. J Mammal, 91, 1205-1212.
Schnell G.D., Poindexter C.J., Sanchez-Hernandez C., Romero-Almaraz M.D.L., Kennedy M.L., Best T.L.,
Wooten M.C. & Jimenez A.P. (2008). Demographic features and habitat preferences of southern
pygmy mice (Baiomys musculus) in Colima, Mexico. Can J Zool, 86, 507-524.
Shapira I., Sultan H. & Shanas U. (2008). Agricultural farming alters predator-prey interactions in nearby
natural habitats. Anim Conserv, 11, 1-8.
Sutherland D.R. & Predavec M. (1999). The effects of moonlight on microhabitat use by Antechinus agilis
(Marsupialia : Dasyuridae). Aust J Zool, 47, 1-17.
Trent B.K., Tucker M.E. & Lockard J.S. (1977). Activity changes with illumination in slow loris Nycticebus
coucang. Applied Animal Ethology, 3, 281-286.
Upham N.S. & Hafner J.C. (2013). Do nocturnal rodents in the Great Basin Desert avoid moonlight? J
Mammal, 94, 59-72.
Vasquez R.A. (1994). Assessment of predation risk via illumination level: facultative central place
foraging in the cricetid rodent Phyllotis darwini. Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 34, 375-381.
Vasquez R.A. (1996). Patch utilization by three species of Chilean rodents differing in body size and
mode of locomotion. Ecology, 77, 2343-2351.
Wolfe J.L. & Summerlin C.T. (1989). The influence of lunar light on nocturnal activity of the old-field
mouse. Anim Behav, 37, 410-414.
Yunger J.A., Meserve P.L. & Gutierrez J.R. (2002). Small-mammal foraging behavior: Mechanisms for
coexistence and implication for population dynamics. Ecol Monogr, 72, 561-577.
Zahratka J.L. & Shenk T.M. (2008). Population estimates of snowshoe hares in the southern Rocky
Mountains. J Wildl Manag, 72, 906-912.
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