PURE
___COMPOUND____
-Made up of two or
More elements in a
Fixed Definite Ratio.
1
2
3
4
___ELEMENT_____
-Made up of one type of atom
ex: _OXYGEN GOLD__
MIXTURE TYPE-DEFINITION
__MECHANICAL MIXTURE__: can see the different
parts
_____SOLUTION___: two or more particles but looks
like one-clear
_________SUSPENSION___:two or more particles the
larger one will settle out with time
_____COLLOID_____: two or more particles do not
settle out—cloudy-tyndal effect
EXAMPLE(S)
5 POINTS OF THE PARTICLE THEORY Particle model of Matter)
1
All matter is made up of __ATOMS (PARTICLES)____________
2
Same particles are found in the same SUBSTANCE__
3
Particles are _ATTRACTED________ to each other (_STRONGER _______
attraction between particles in a ______SOLID_ state)
4
There are __SPACES____ between particles (_LARGER____ spaces between
particles of a _____GAS____________ state)
5
Particles are always ___MOVING___________ (particles move the fastest in a
__GAS___________ state)
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
ARE
TYPE OF SOLUTE
TYPE OF SOLVENT (WATER, OIL,
ALCOHOL)
TEMPERATURE
PARTICLE THEORY WHY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTE HAVE
DIFFERENT ATTRACTION FORCES TO
THE SOLVENT
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLVENTS HAVE
DIFFERENT ATTRACTION FORCES TO
THE SOLUTES
AS YOU INCREASE TEMPERATURE THE
PARTICLES OF THE SOLVENT MOVE
FURTHER APART LEAVING MORE ROOM
FOR SOLUTE
How to Increase Rate of Dissolving
INCREASING TEMPERATURE OF
SOLUTION
STIRRING THE SOLUTION
SMALLER PIECES
PARTICLE THEORY WHY
AS YOU INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE
THE PARTICLES START TO MOVE FASTER
BUMPING INTO THE SOLUTE PARTICLES
FASTER TO DISSOLVE THE SOLUTE
SAME AS ABOVE BUT AS YOU STIR THE
PARTICLES MOVE FASTER…
AS YOU CRUSH THE SOLUTE THE PIECES
ARE SMALLER-MORE SURFACE AREA
ALLOWING THE SOLUTE TO ATTRACT TO
THE SOLVENT PARTICLES FASTER
LEARNING OUTCOME #2 STUDY GUIDE:
VARIABLES OF A LAB: manipulated, responding, controlled
PARTICLE MODEL (5 points used to explain)
MATTER CLASSIFIED AS MIXTURES: made up of __2____ or more types of ___MATTER_____
(know examples)
Mechanical mixtures:
Colloids:
Suspensions:
Solutions:
MATTER CLASSIFIED AS PURE:
(know examples used in class)
Elements:
Compounds
MIXTURES CLASSIFIED AS:
Heterogeneous mixtures: (_MECHANICAL MIXTURES_, _COLLOIDS_, ___SUSPENSIONS__)
Homogeneous mixtures: look like __1______
( _____SOLUTION_________)
PARTS OF A SOLUTION:
Solute:
Solvent:
Soluble vs. insoluble
TERMS TO DESCRIBE A SOLUTION
Dilute vs. Concentrated solutions
Unsaturated vs. Saturated solutions
Saturation point
Written Concentration of a solution
Solubility
THREE FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY OF A SOLUTION (particle theory tod explain)
1.
2.
3.
THREE FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF DISSOLVING (particle theory to explain)
1.
2.
3.
READING and EXPLAINING SOLUBILTY GRAPHS
Classify the following examples into the appropriate category.
Milk, mud puddle, pop, clean air, granola cereal, cloud, salt water, pizza, hair gel, tea, coffee,
tomato juice, smog, tap water, sandwich, peanut butter, gold jewelry, apple juice
Mechanical
GRANOLA PIZZA
SANDWICH
MIXTURES
Colloid
Suspension
MILK HAIR GEL
MUD PUDDLE,
PEANUT BUTTER
TOMATO JUICE,
CLOUD
SMOG
Solution
POP, CLEAN AIR,
SALT WATER, TEA,
COFFEE, TAP
WATER, GOLD
JEWELRY, APPLE
JUICE
Name the categories below for mixtures and classify the above examples into the following two
categories.
_HOMOGENEOUS______is a mixture where
the components that make up the mixture are
uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
Appears to look like one substance.
Ex: POP, CLEAN AIR, SALT WATER, TEA,
COFFEE, TAP WATER, GOLD JEWELRY,
APPLE JUICE
___HETEROGENEOUS__:is a mixture where
the components of the mixture are not
uniform or have localized regions with
different properties.
Ex: GRANOLA PIZZA SANDWICH
GRANOLA PIZZA SANDWICH
MUD PUDDLE, TOMATO JUICE, SMOG
Classify the following examples into the appropriate category.
Oxygen, sugar, salt, baking soda, hydrogen, neon, gold, distilled water (H2O)
PURE MATTER
Elements
Compounds
OXYGEN HYDREGEN NEON GOLD
SUGAR, SALT, BAKING SODA, DISTILLED WATER
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble?
Solution
SOLUTE
SOLVENT
Does the
dissolving
To make a glass of lemonade you dissolved
sugar and lemon juice into water. The
solute(s) is/are __SUGAR, LEMON JUICE__
and the solvent(s) is/are _WATER____
Is dissolved
A dilute solution has _______LITTLE__ solute
dissolved into the _SOLVENT____
A concentrated solution has __LOTS_____ of
__SOLUTE_______ dissolved into the __SOLVENT_______
A solution that can still dissolve more solute is called an __UNSATURATED_____ solution.
A solution that cannot dissolve anymore solute is called a _____SATURATED________ solution.
If you write the amount of solute dissolved into a certain amount of solvent you would have
written the ____CONCNETRATION__________________ of the solution.
If 33g of solute is dissolved into 50g of water what is the concentration of the solution?
_____33g/50g OF WATER___________________
What is meant by the solubility of a solution?__ THE MAXIMUN AMOUNT OF SOLUTE THAT
CAN DISSOLVE IN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF SOLVENT AT A CERTAIN TEMPERATURE TO
MAKE A SATURATED SOLUTION ___________________________________________
Sam had 135mL of water in which he put 23g of sugar and then heated it to 37˚C. What is
the solubility of Sam’s solution? ___23g/135Ml @ 37 ˚C ______________
Convert Sam’s solution and compare to Sally’s solution of 17.1g/100mL @ 37˚C.
23 = X
135
100
135X = 23X100
135X = 2300
135X = 2300
135
135
X = 17.0g/100mL @ 37 ˚C
Which substance is more soluble at 60˚C?
KNO3
What is the solubility of NaCl at 0˚C?
GAS
If you had 100g of each solute at 80˚C
which substance would be saturated?
NaCl
How much solute of KNO3 is needed to
make a saturated solution at 0˚C?
18g
Draw what the solubility of the gas CO2 on the graph. What is the connection to thermal
pollution? AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES THE SOLUBILITY OF GASES DECREASES
LEAVING LESS DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE WATER FOR FISHFISH WILL LEAVE AREA
OR DIE OUT.
Sam heard that water was called the _UNIVERSAL____ solvent, because he was told that it
dissolves many types of solute. To test this statement he took six different solutes and tried
to dissolve them into 100mL of water. He then did the same but used vegetable oil and
alcohol as the solvent.
The manipulated variable in this lab was ___SOLVENT TYPE__________________
The responding variable in this lab was _AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED_______
List two controlled variables Sam should have used _100mL of SOLVENT, TYPE OF
SOLUTES, TEMPERATURE OF SOLVENT _____