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Basis of Design
This section provides an overview of sustainable design strategies that can be incorporated into the
design and construction of sustainable buildings on campus. Sustainable design strategies address
energy and water efficient building systems, resource efficient building materials, siting and construction
management strategies, and mechanical and passive systems to enhance indoor air quality and occupant
comfort. Incorporating sustainable design strategies will lead to reduced operational costs, healthy work
environments for students, faculty and staff, as well increased productivity of building occupants. Table A
(below) provides a comprehensive list of widely accepted sustainable design strategies. These strategies
are rated in terms of their applicability, cost premium, and environmental/performance benefits.
At the outset of a project, project managers, user groups and project consultants should participate in a
design “charette” to identify the goals of the project. Use Table A to identify energy performance targets,
water use reduction targets, waste management targets, and other sustainable design strategies that are
the most applicable to the project and stakeholders’ needs.
Application
KEY FOR TABLE A & TABLE B
Indicates the level of complexity for each design strategy.
Required
Strategy already required by the University of Washington
Good Practice
Basic / Fundamental strategy required for all buildings.
Simple
The strategy is relatively simple to implement and applicable to an advanced building project.
Advanced
The strategy requires some special coordination (non-conventional) to implement. It is
applicable to a high performance building.
Innovative
The strategy is highly innovative and applicable to a demonstration project.
Cost Premium
Identifies the additional cost range associated with each design strategy.
None
No Cost premium
Varies
Dependent on project.
Offset
Cost premium reduced to zero with offsets.
Low
Cost premium to project. A less than 10-year pay back period.
High
Cost premium to project. Greater than 10-year pay back period.
Environmental /
Performance Benefit
Indicates the level of environmental, energy and health performance and benefits related to
each design strategy.
Baseline
Strategy complies with local or required standards, and establishes a baseline performance
or environmental benefit (i.e. compliance with minimum energy and water standards).
Satisfactory
Strategy achieves moderately challenging performance targets and improves the
environmental and health conditions of the building environment and site.
Good
Strategy enhances the environmental and health conditions of the building and surrounding
site. Energy and water consumption are significantly reduced.
High
Strategy demonstrates leadership and applies an innovative technology leading to extensive
building performance, environmental and health benefits. This strategy improves more than
one aspect of the building site and surrounding environment (i.e. Green roofs reduce heat
island effect, stormwater runoff, and cooling loads of a building).
REV: 00 – JAN2003
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Table A: Sustainable Design Strategies
University of Washington Sustainable Design Strategies
Sustainable Design Strategy
A
A.1
A.2.1
A.3
A.4.1
A.4.2
A.4.3
A.5.1
A.5.2.
Site Requirements
Implement an erosion and sedimentation control plan during
construction that conforms to City of Seattle's Construction
Stormwater Control Technical Requirements Manual. * See Note
1.
Reduce site disturbance by creating a site boundary (40 feet
beyond the building perimeter, 5 feet beyond primary roadway
curbs, walkways, and main utility branch trenches, and 25 feet
beyond pervious paving areas).
Remediate any on-site contamination (as determined by an ASTM
E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment). ** See Note
1.
Provide bicycle storage facilities (within 200 yards of the buildings)
for 5% of building occupants.
Provide bicycle shower facilities (within 200 yards of the buildings)
for 5% of building occupants
If on-site parking is provided, designate parking space for car and
van-pools for 5% of building occupants.
**See Note 2.
For sites with an existing imperviousness less than or equal to
50%, implement a stormwater management plan that prevents the
post-development 1.5 year, 24 hour peak discharge rate from
exceeding the pre-development 1.5 year, 24 hour peak discharge
rate. Consult the Seattle Stormwater, Grading and Drainage
Control Code and Director's Rule.
For sites with an existing imperviousness greater than to 50%,
implement a stormwater management plan that results in a 25%
decrease in the rate and quantity of stormwater runoff. Consult the
Seattle Stormwater, Grading and Drainage Control Code and
Director's Rule.
A.5.3 Construct a stormwater treatment system designed to remove 80%
of the average annual post development total suspended solids
(TSS) and 40% of the average annual post development total
phosphorous (TP). Refer to the EPA's Guidance Specifying
Management Measures for Sources of Non-point Pollution in
Coastal Waters (EPA 840-B-92-002 1/93), OR, the Seattle
Stormwater, Grading and Drainage Control Code and Director's
Rule.
A.6.1 Provide shade (within 5 years) on at least 30% of non-roof
impervious surface on the site, including parking lots, walkways,
etc.
A.6.2 Use light coloured/high-albedo materials (reflectance of at least
0.3) for 30% of the site’s non-roof impervious surfaces.
A.6.3 Use open-grid pavement system (net impervious area of LESS
than 50%) for a minimum of 50% of the parking lot area.
REV: 00 – JAN2003
Application Cost
Benefit/
Performance
Required
None
Baseline
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Required
None
Baseline
Required
None
Baseline
Good
Practice
Low
Satisfactory
Required
None
Baseline
Good
Practice
Low
Good
Advanced
Low
High
Simple
High
Good
Good
Practice
None
Good
Good
Practice
None
Good
Simple
Low
Good
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Application Cost
Benefit/
Performance
A.7.1 Use an Energy Star Roof-compliant, high reflectance and high
emissivity roofing (initial reflectance of at least 0.65 and three year
aged reflectance of at least 0.5 when tested in accordance with
ASTM E903 and emissivity of at least 0.9 when tested in
accordance with ASTM 408) for a minimum of 75% of the roof
surface.
A.7.2 Install a green (planted) roof for at least 50% of the roof.
Simple
Low
Good
Advanced
High
High
A.7.3 Install a combination of a high albedo roof and vegetated roof to
collectively cover 75% of the roof area.
Advanced
High
High
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Required
None
Baseline
Advanced
Low
Good
Simple
None
High
Innovative
High
High
Simple
None
High
Simple
None
Good
Advanced
Low
High
Innovative
High
High
A.8
B
Reduce light pollution from buildings and do not exceed the
Illumination Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
footcandle level (www.iesna.org).
Water Reduction Requirements
B.1.1 Use high efficiency irrigation technology.
B.1.2 Use captured rain water or recycled site water, to reduce potable
water consumption for irrigation by 50% over conventional means.
B.2.1 Do not install a permanent irrigation system.
B.2.2 Use only captured or recycled site water (100% total reduction) to
reduce potable water consumption for irrigation.
B.2.3 Plant native species or drought resistant plants to reduce irrigation
requirements.
B.3.1 Reduce potable water consumption by 20% after meeting the
requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1972 (EPACT) and the
Uniform Plumbing Code Water Conservation Performance
Standards.
B.3.2 Reduce potable water consumption by 30% after meeting the
requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1972 (EPACT) and the
Uniform Plumbing Code Water Conservation Performance
Standards.
Reduce potable water consumption for wastewater conveyance by
B.4.1
50%,
B.4.2 Treat 100% of wastewater on site to tertiary standards.
B.5 Recover potable water from single pass through of mechanical
systems and reuse for non-potable uses on campus.
C
Energy Reduction Requirements
C.1 Implement and conduct a commissioning plan.
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
Implement and conduct additional commissioning.
Meet the minimum energy requirements of ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1 1999 OR, 1997 Washington State Energy Code with Seattle
Amendments.
Reduce or eliminate CFC's in HVAC&R equipment.
Eliminate all ozone depleting substances (HCFC's & Halon) from
refrigeration & fire suppressant equipment.
REV: 00 – JAN2003
Innovative High
Good
Offset
Practice
Good
Practice
Advanced
High
Good
None
Baseline
Low
Good
Required
None
Baseline
Required
Good
Practice
None
Baseline
None
Good
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C.6
C.7.1
C.7.2
C.7.3
C.7.4
C.7.5
C.7.6
C.7.6
C.7.8
C.7.9
C.7.10
C.8.1
C.8.2
C.8.3
C.9
D
D.1.1
D.1.2
D.2.1
D.2.2
Provide for continuous metering of mechanical and electrical
systems.
Reduce energy consumption by 15% for new buildings or 5% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1, OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 20% for new buildings or 10% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1, OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 25% for new buildings or 15% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 30% for new buildings or 20% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 35% for new buildings or 25% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 40% for new buildings or 30% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 45% for new buildings or 35% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 50% for new buildings or 40% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 55% for new buildings or 45% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Reduce energy consumption by 60% for new buildings or 50% for
existing buildings above ASHRAE 90.1 OR, 1997 Washington
State Energy Code with Seattle Amendments.
Use 5% of energy from renewable energy sources on-site.
Use 10% of energy from renewable energy sources on-site.
Use 20% of energy from renewable energy sources on-site.
Provide at least 50% of the building’s electricity from renewable
sources by engaging in a 2-year contract to purchase "green
power” that meets the Center For Resource Solutions (CRS)
Green-E requirements.
Materials and Resources Requirements
Divert 50% of construction and demolition materials from local
landfills.
Divert 75% of construction and demolition materials from local
landfills.
Use 5% salvaged building materials. **** See Note 3
Use 10% salvaged building materials. **** See Note 3.
REV: 00 – JAN2003
Application Cost
Benefit/
Performance
Simple
Offset
Good
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Simple
None
Satisfactory
Simple
Offset
Good
Advanced Offset
Good
Advanced Offset
High
Advanced Offset
High
Innovative
Low
High
Innovative
Low
High
Innovative
High
High
Advanced
Innovative
Innovative
High
High
High
Good
High
High
Advanced
Low
High
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Advanced
None
High
Advanced
Innovative
None
None
Good
Good
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D.3.1 Specify materials with recycled content such that post-consumer
recycled content constitutes at least 5% of the total value of
materials in a project or combined post-consumer and ½ postindustrial recycled content constitutes at least 10%.
D.3.2 Specify materials with recycled content such that post-consumer
recycled content constitutes at least 10% of the total value of
materials in a project or combined post-consumer and ½ postindustrial recycled content constitutes at least 20%.
D.4.1 Purchase 20% of materials that are manufactured within a 500
miles radius of the project site.
D.4.2 Of regionally manufactured materials, specify a minimum of 50%
that are extracted, harvested, or recovered within 500 miles of the
site.
D.5 Specify rapidly renewable building materials (i.e., bamboo,
wheatboard, strawboard etc) for 5% of the total building materials
D.6 Specify 50% of wood to be from Forest Stewardship Council
certified sources.
E
Indoor Environmental Quality Requirements
E.1 Meet the minimum indoor air quality performance requirements of
ASHRAE 62-1999 or comply with Seattle Mechanical Code and
Washington State Ventilation and Indoor Quality Code.
E.2 Install carbon dioxide monitoring system.
Increase ventilation effectiveness (meet or exceed air change
effectiveness as determined by ASHRAE 129 - 1997 or comply
with Seattle Mechanical Code and Washington State Ventilation
and Indoor Quality Code. OR, ensure 90% of the room or zone
area is naturally ventilated for 95% of occupancy hours.
E.4.1 Implement a construction indoor air quality management plan in
accordance with the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National
Contractors Association IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings
under Construction (www.smancna.org) and protected stored onsite or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage, AND
replace all filtration material media before occupancy.
E.4.2 Conduct a 2-week flush out of building with natural air prior to
building occupancy, OR, conduct a baseline indoor air quality
testing procedure consistent with EPA Protocol for Environmental
Requirements, Baseline IAQ and Materials, for the Research
Triangle Park Campus, Section 01445.
E.5.1 Specify adhesives that meet the VOC limits of South Coast Air
Quality Management District Rule #1168 and sealants that meet or
exceed Bay Area Air Quality Management District Reg. 8, Rule 51.
Application Cost
Benefit/
Performance
Advanced
None
Good
Innovative
None
High
Good
Practice
None
Good
Advanced
None
High
Advanced
None
Good
Advanced
Low
High
Good
Practice
None
Baseline
Good
Practice
Low
Good
Advanced
Low
Good
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Good
Practice
None
Good
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Required
None
Baseline
E.3
E.5.2 Specify paints and coatings that meet or exceed the VOC and
chemical component limits of Green Seal requirements.
E.5.3 Specify carpet that meet or exceed the Carpet and Rug Institute
Green Label Indoor Air Quality Test Program.
REV: 00 – JAN2003
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Application Cost
E.5.4 Specify composite wood that contains no urea formaldehyde
and/or resins.
E.6 Ensure indoor chemical and pollutant control. Design to minimize
cross contamination of regularly occupied areas by chemical
pollutants: employ permanent entry way system (grills, grates etc.)
to capture dirt, particulates from entering the building at all high
volume entrance ways, and provide areas with structural deck to
deck partitions with separate outside exhausting, no air circulation
and negative pressure where chemical use occurs (including
housekeeping areas and copying/print rooms), and provide drains
plumbed for appropriate disposal of liquid waste in spaces where
water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs.
E.7 Provide a minimum of one operable window and one lighting
control zone per 200 sq. ft. for all occupied areas within 15 feet of
the perimeter wall.
E.8 Provide temperature, air flow and light controls for 50% of nonperimeter regularly occupied spaces.
E.9.1 Meet thermal comfortable requirements of ASHRAE 52-1992.
E.9.2 Install permanent temperature and humidity monitoring system.
Benefit/
Performance
Good
Practice
None
Satisfactory
Good
Practice
Low
Satisfactory
Good
Practice
Low
High
Good
Practice
Low
High
Required
None
Good
Advanced
High
Good
Note 1: Already required by UW guidelines, and therefore no additional premium to project is indicated.
Note 2: University of Washington has designated carpool parking for U-PASS holders.
www.washington.edu/upass
Note 3: University of Washington has a salvage depot for used furniture and systems. The UW Surplus
Public Store is located online at: http://www.washington.edu/admin/surplus/store.html
If Project Managers intend to apply for LEED Certification, project managers should select the appropriate
number of sustainable design strategies to meet the various LEED certification levels (see chart below for
LEED certification point requirements). For instance, to attain LEED Silver Certification, UW projects
should select and integrate approximately 33-38 of the above strategies into new or renovated buildings.
Project Managers should consult the LEED Technical Manual for certification and point requirements as
some strategies listed above may equate to more than one LEED point.
LEED Green Building Rating System Point
Requirements
REV: 00 – JAN2003
26-32
(Certified)
33-38
(Silver)
39-51
(Gold)
52 +
(Platinum)
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Table B: Sustainable Design Strategies
Programming Phase
Basis of Design
This section provides an overview of sustainable design strategies applicable to the programming phase
of a project. Project managers and clients should meet at the outset of the programming and budgeting
phase of a project to determine applicable sustainable design criteria for incorporation into the project.
University of Washington Sustainable Design Strategies – Programming
Sustainable Design Strategy
A
A.1
A.2
A.3.1
A.3.2
A.4.1
A.4.2
A.4.3
Application
Cost
Performance/
Environmental Benefit
Good Practice
None
High
Good Practice
None
High
Good Practice
Low
Good
Advanced
High
Good
Good Practice
None
High
Required
None
Baseline
Good Practice
Low
Satisfactory
Site Requirements
Site selection - do not develop on
ecologically sensitive land (I.e. Land
below 5 feet above the 100-year flood
level, habitat for endangered or
threatened species, land within 100
feet of any wetland, or existing public
parkland). Consult SMC 25.09
Regulations for Environmentally
Critical Areas.
Increase local density to conform to
existing or desired density goals by
utilizing sites that are located within an
existing minimum development density
of 60,000 square feet per acre (2
storey downtown development).
Restore a minimum of 50% of the
remaining open area by planting native
or adapted vegetation.
Reduce development footprint
(including building, access roads and
parking) to exceed the local zoning’s
open space requirement for the site by
25%.
Locate building within ½ mile or a
commuter rail, light rail or subway
station or ¼ mile or 2 or more bus
lines.
Provide bicycle storage for 5% of
building occupants.
Provide shower facilities for 5% of
building occupants.
REV: 00 – JAN2003
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Sustainable Design Strategy
A.4.4
A.4.5
A.4.6
D
D.1
D.2.1
D.2.2
D.2.3
E
E.1
E.2
E.3
Application
Install alternative-fuel refueling
station(s) for 3% of the total vehicle
parking capacity of the site. Liquid or
Innovative
gaseous fueling facilities must be
separately ventilated or located
outdoors.
Provide alternative-fuel vehicles for 3%
building occupants and provide
Innovative
preferred parking for these vehicles..
Designate parking space for car and
van-pools for 5% of building
Good Practice
occupants.
Materials and Resources
Requirements
Create a storage and collection area
Good Practice
for recyclable materials.
Maintain at least 75% of existing
building structure and shell (exterior
skin and framing, excluding window
assemblies).
Maintain 100% of existing building
structure and shell (exterior skin and
framing excluding window
assemblies).
Maintain 100% of existing building
structure and shell, AND 50% nonshell (walls, floor coverings, and ceiling
systems).
Environmental Indoor Quality
Advanced
Innovative
Innovative
Ensure zero exposure of building
occupants to environmental tobacco
Required
smoke consult SMC Section 10.64.020
- Prohibition.
Ensure a minimum 2% daylight factor
Good Practice
in 75% of regularly occupied spaces.
Ensure direct line of sight from 90% of
all regularly occupied areas.
REV: 00 – JAN2003
Advanced
Cost
Performance/
Environmental Benefit
High
High
High
High
None
Good
None
Satisfactory
Varies
High
Varies
High
Varies
High
None
Baseline
None
Satisfactory
Offset
Good
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