HYDROLOGIC CYCLE - myersparkenvironmental
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HYDROLOGIC CYCLE PROCESS Infiltration Runoff Transpiration Evaporation Precipitation Condensation DEFINITION Water filtering through the pore spaces in soil or rock Water flowing downhill Loss of excess water from land plants Phase change from liquid water to water vapor Rain, snow, sleet, or hail Phase change from water vapor to liquid water Diagram Humans and the Hydrologic Cycle CARBON CYCLE PROCESS Decomposition Combustion (human & natural) Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Erosion Burial & Compaction DEFINITION Organic material breaks down, returning organic carbon to the soil Burning fossil fuels & other organic materials Living organisms using O2 & food to produce CO2 & energy Plants using CO2 & light energy to produce O2 & food Breaking down & transporting solid materials (usually rocks/soil) Dissolved CO2 in water is compacted into sediments to form rock (limestone) Diagram Humans and the Carbon Cycle NITROGEN CYCLE PROCESS Ammonification Assimilation Nitrogen Fixation Nitrification Denitrification Ingestion Excretion DEFINITION Bacteria convert organic nitrogen into ammonia during decomposition Plants absorb nitrates through their roots Bacteria or legumes convert atmospheric nitrogen into the more-usable ammonia Bacteria convert ammonia or ammonium into nitrates Bacteria convert nitrates to atmospheric nitrogen Animals eat plants and other organic materials containing nitrates Animal waste returns organic nitrogen to the soil Diagram Humans and the Nitrogen Cycle PHOSPHORUS CYCLE PROCESS Phosphate Mining Decomposition Excretion Geologic Uplift Burial & Compaction Erosion Ingestion Absorption DEFINITION Humans remove phosphates from underground for fertilizer use Organic material breaks down, returning organic phosphorus to the soil Animal waste returns organic phosphorus to the soil Exposing underground rocks to the surface Organisms are compacted into sediments to form rock Rocks or soil are broken down, transporting phosphorus across land or into water Animals eat plants and other organic materials containing phosphates Plants absorb phosphates through their roots Diagram Humans and the Phosphorus Cycle SULFUR CYCLE PROCESS Erosion Decomposition Hydrogen Sulfide Deposition Sulfur Dioxide Dimethyl Sulfide Sulfuric Acid Combustion Absorption Infiltration Bacterial Decay DEFINITION Rocks / soil are broken down, transporting sulfur across land or into water Organic material breaks down, returning organic sulfur to the soil H2S – released by volcanic eruptions, fuel combustion, and bacteria in soil Sulfur settles back to Earth or comes down with precipitation SO2 – released by volcanic eruptions & fuel combustion, and formed from H2S reacting with oxygen DMS – released to the atmosphere by marine organisms & helps cloud droplets condense, and ultimately converts to SO2 H2SO4 – formed from sulfur oxides reacting with water vapor Burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil Sulfates taken up by plants through their roots Sulfates filtering through pores in soil or rock Bacteria release H2S back to the atmosphere during decay Diagram Humans and the Sulfur Cycle ROCK CYCLE PROCESS Weathering & Erosion Magma Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Heat & Pressure Melting Compaction & Cementation Cooling & Hardening DEFINITION Rocks break down and are transported away Molten rock Small particles of rock or soil Formed from cooled magma Formed from sediment compacted together Formed from other rocks that have undergone a significant change Forces that create metamorphic rock Significant heating of rocks to create magma Forces that create sedimentary rock Processes that create igneous rock Diagram IGNEOUS ROCK wea SEDIMENTARY ROCK METAMORPHIC ROCK Humans and the Rock Cycle (use your brain!!)
