Annex
Fine particle components and health – a meta-analysis of epidemiological time series studies of
daily mortality and hospital admissions
Richard W Atkinson PhD1, Inga C Mill MSc 2, Heather A Walton PhD3,4, H Ross Anderson MD1,3
Contents
Bibliography of studies used in the review
Figure 1 Sulphate, Mortality, All-cause
Figure 2 Sulphate, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Figure 3 Sulphate, Mortality, Respiratory
Figure 4 Nitrate, Mortality, All cause
Figure 5 Nitrate, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Figure 6 Nitrate, Mortality, Respiratory
Figure 7 Elemental Carbon, Mortality, All-cause
Figure 8 Elemental Carbon, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Figure 9 Elemental Carbon, Mortality, Respiratory
Figure 10 Organic Carbon, Mortality, All-cause
Figure 11 Organic Carbon, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Figure 12 Organic Carbon, Mortality, Respiratory
Figure 13 Sulphate, Hospital Admissions, Cardiovascular or Cardiac
Figure 14 Sulphate, Hospital Admissions, Respiratory
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Figure 1 Sulphate, Mortality, All-cause
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
Amr A,Multi-city
485
Canada
10 Canadian cities
Brook
2007
1980-2000
3.96 (0.99, 6.93)
1698
USA
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
-1.90 (-11.34, 7.54)
250
USA
6 Eastern US Counties
Schwartz
1996
1979-1988
2.19 (1.28, 3.11)
Amr A,Single city
176
USA
2 Georgian Counties
Klemm
2000
1998-1999
5.06 (-5.43, 15.55)
1073
USA
Buffalo
Gwynn
2000
1989-1990
2.27 (0.47, 4.07)
312
USA
Tennessee eastern
Dockery
1992
1985-1986
8.00 (-15.52, 31.52)
1181
USA
Wayne County
Lippmann
2000
1992-1994
1.50 (-1.21, 4.21)
Eur A,Single city
175
Netherlands
Netherlands
Hoek
2000
1986-1994
1.26 (0.24, 2.28)
517
UK
London
Atkinson
2010
2000-2005
0.93 (-2.67, 4.52)
69
UK
West Midlands
Anderson
2001
1994-1996
-0.69 (-4.01, 2.63)
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
0.54 (0.11, 0.96)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
2.21 (-1.06, 5.49)
-10 -5 0
1000xbeta
5 10
Figure 2 Sulphate, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
3.58 (-9.15, 16.32)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr A,Single city
1347
Canada
Montreal
Goldberg
2001
1986-1993
5.21 (1.48, 8.93)
267
USA
New York
Ito
2010
2000-2006
6.21 (2.81, 9.61)
1181
USA
Wayne County
Lippmann
2000
1992-1994
1.13 (-2.91, 5.16)
Eur A,Single city
1494
Netherlands
Netherlands
Hoek
2003
1994-1996
0.87 (-0.73, 2.47)
517
UK
London
Atkinson
2010
2000-2005
1.31 (-4.79, 7.41)
69
UK
West Midlands
Anderson
2001
1994-1996
-2.26 (-7.04, 2.53)
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
0.89 (0.29, 1.49)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
6.10 (-0.75, 12.94)
-5
1000xbeta
0
5
10
Figure 3 Sulphate, Mortality, Respiratory
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
6 California Counties Ostro
2007 2000-2003
11.40 (-14.54, 37.35)
Amr A,Single city
43
USA
Boston
Maynard
2007 1999-2002
9.20 (-4.90, 23.30)
1073
USA
Buffalo
Gwynn
2000 1989-1990
6.75 (0.46, 13.04)
1181
USA
Wayne County
Lippmann 2000 1992-1994
4.03 (-6.09, 14.16)
3.24 (-6.25, 12.72)
Eur A,Single city
517
UK
London
Atkinson
2010 2000-2005
69
UK
West Midlands
Anderson 2001 1994-1996
-3.13 (-11.40, 5.14)
Xi'an
Cao
2012 2004-2008
1.27 (0.54, 2.01)
Son
2012 2008-2009
0.72 (-11.65, 13.09)
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
2128
South Korea Seoul
-10
1000xbeta
0
10
20
Figure 4 Nitrate, Mortality, All cause
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
2.03 (-0.11, 4.18)
2 Georgian Counties
Klemm
2000
1998-1999
-15.52 (-48.80, 17.76)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr A,Single city
176
USA
Eur A,Single city
175
Netherlands
Netherlands
Hoek
2000
1986-1994
1.61 (0.56, 2.66)
517
UK
London
Atkinson
2010
2000-2005
0.62 (-1.46, 2.71)
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
1.92 (1.09, 2.74)
Son
2012
2008-2009
2.90 (-1.15, 6.94)
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
2128
South Korea Seoul
-20 -10
1000xbeta
0
10
Figure 5 Nitrate, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
2.73 (-0.43, 5.90)
New York
Ito
2010
2000-2006
-5.97 (-11.56, -0.39)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr A,Single city
267
USA
Eur A,Single city
175
Netherlands
Netherlands
Hoek
2000
1986-1994
0.95 (-0.69, 2.58)
517
UK
London
Atkinson 2010
2000-2005
1.07 (-2.45, 4.59)
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
2.80 (1.67, 3.93)
Son
2012
2008-2009
7.36 (-1.15, 15.88)
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
2128
South Korea Seoul
-5
1000xbeta
0
5
10
Figure 6 Nitrate, Mortality, Respiratory
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
-4.30 (-10.51, 1.90)
London
Atkinson
2010
2000-2005
2.90 (-2.60, 8.41)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Eur A,Single city
517
UK
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
3.78 (2.30, 5.27)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
1.96 (-13.32, 17.25)
-10
1000xbeta
-5
0
5
10
Figure 7 Elemental Carbon, Mortality, All-cause
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
8.27 (-6.94, 23.49)
Boston
Maynard
2007
1995-2002
112.02 (58.76, 165.27)
Santiago
Cakmak
2009
1998-2006
14.41 (13.18, 15.65)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr A,Single city
43
USA
Amr B,Single city
412
Chile
Wpr B,Single city
2124
China
Shanghai
Geng
2013
2007-2008
8.42 (2.22, 14.63)
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
1.69 (0.45, 2.93)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
-0.24 (-9.61, 9.14)
-20 0 20 40 60
1000*beta
Figure 8 Elemental Carbon, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
25.77 (3.64, 47.90)
New York
Ito
2010
2000-2006
31.94 (12.85, 51.03)
Santiago
Cakmak
2009
1998-2006
17.37 (15.46, 19.29)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr A,Single city
267
USA
Amr B,Single city
412
Chile
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
3.58 (1.80, 5.35)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
1.00 (-18.89, 20.89)
-10
1000*beta
0
10
20 30
Figure 9 Elemental Carbon, Mortality, Respiratory
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
-44.55 (-104.20, 15.09)
Santiago
Cakmak
2009
1998-2006
34.56 (31.69, 37.42)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr B,Single city
412
Chile
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
5.11 (3.03, 7.19)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
-10.68 (-45.10, 23.73)
-40 -20
1000*beta
0
20
Figure 10 Organic Carbon, Mortality, All-cause
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
1.39 (-0.96, 3.74)
Santiago
Cakmak
2009
1998-2006
8.61 (7.72, 9.50)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr B,Single city
412
Chile
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
1.13 (0.57, 1.69)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
0.85 (-3.43, 5.14)
-5
1000*beta
0
5
10
Figure 11 Organic Carbon, Mortality, Cardiovascular
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
3.35 (-0.13, 6.83)
New York
Ito
2010
2000-2006
5.84 (1.26, 10.42)
Santiago
Cakmak
2009
1998-2006
10.74 (9.37, 12.12)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr A,Single city
267
USA
Amr B,Single city
412
Chile
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
2.18 (1.33, 3.03)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
4.55 (-4.50, 13.61)
-5
1000*beta
0
5
11
Figure 12 Organic Carbon, Mortality, Respiratory
Ref
Man id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
6 California Counties
Ostro
2007
2000-2003
-9.28 (-19.54, 0.98)
Santiago
Cakmak
2009
1998-2006
22.18 (19.76, 24.60)
Amr A,Multi-city
1698
USA
Amr B,Single city
412
Chile
Wpr B,Single city
2123
China
Xi'an
Cao
2012
2004-2008
2.87 (1.88, 3.86)
2128
South Korea
Seoul
Son
2012
2008-2009
-5.52 (-21.25, 10.20)
-10
1000*beta
0
10
20
Figure 13 Sulphate, Hospital Admissions, Cardiovascular or Cardiac
Ref
Man
id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
diagcode Period
ES (95% CI)
Amr A,Multi-city
147
USA
119 US Counties Levy
2012 CV
2000-2008
0.40 (-1.35, 2.15)
Amr A,Single city
432
Canada
Ontario
Burnett
1995 CAR
1983-1988
2.50 (1.30, 3.70)
399
Canada
Toronto
Burnett
1997 CAR
1992-1994
4.39 (-1.09, 9.87)
Eur A,Single city
517
UK
London
Atkinson
2010 CV
2000-2005
-0.13 (-3.86, 3.60)
69
UK
West Midlands
Anderson 2001 CV
1994-1996
0.52 (-2.61, 3.64)
-5
1000xbeta
0
5
10
Figure 14 Sulphate, Hospital Admissions, Respiratory
Ref
Man
id
Study
Country
City
Author
Year
Period
ES (95% CI)
119 US Counties Levy
2012
2000-2008
-0.63 (-4.05, 2.79)
Amr A,Multi-city
147
USA
Amr A,Single city
408
Canada
Montreal
Delfino
1997
1992-1993
16.72 (2.24, 31.21)
432
Canada
Ontario
Burnett
1995
1983-1988
2.65 (1.75, 3.54)
399
Canada
Toronto
Burnett
1997
1992-1994
7.44 (3.94, 10.95)
Eur A,Single city
517
UK
London
Atkinson
2010
2000-2005
-1.44 (-7.02, 4.15)
69
UK
West Midlands
Anderson 2001
1994-1996
1.37 (-2.26, 5.00)
-10
1000xbeta
0
10
20