References for maximal static respiratory pressures in patients with spinal cord injury (search on March 2006 on Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Pedro and Lilacs): (1) McMichan JC, Michel L, Westbrook PR. Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia. Recognition, prevention, and treatment. JAMA 1980; 243(6):528531. (2) Goldman JM, Rose LS, Williams SJ et al. Effect of abdominal binders on breathing in tetraplegic patients. Thorax 1986; 41(12):940-945. (3) Laven GT, Huang CT, DeVivo MJ et al. Nutritional status during the acute stage of spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989; 70(4):277-282. (4) Flavell H, Mashall R, Thornton AT et al. Hypoxia episodes during sleep in high tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73:623-627. (5) Derrickson J, Ciesla N, Simpson N et al. A comparison of two breathing exercise programs for patients with quadriplegia. Phys Ther 1992; 72(11):763-769. (6) Linder SH. Functional electrical stimulation to enhance cough in quadriplegia. Chest 1993; 103(1):166-169. (7) Roth EJ, Nussbaum SB, Berkowitz M et al. Pulmonary function testing in spinal cord injury: correlation with vital capacity. Paraplegia 1995; 33(8):454-457. (8) Tully K, Koke K, Garshick E et al. Maximal expiratory pressures in spinal cord injury using two mouthpieces. Chest 1997; 112(1):113-116. (9) Gounden P. Static respiratory pressures in patients with post-traumatic tetraplegia. Spinal Cord 1997; 35(1):43-47. (10) Hopman MT, van der Woude LH, Dallmeijer AJ et al. Respiratory muscle strength and endurance in individuals with tetraplegia. Spinal Cord 1997; 35(2):104-108. (11) Roth EJ, Lu A, Primack S et al. Ventilatory function in cervical and high thoracic spinal cord injury. Relationship to level of injury and tone. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 76(4):262-267. (12) Segal JL, Brunnemann SR. 4-Aminopyridine improves pulmonary function in quadriplegic humans with longstanding spinal cord injury. Pharmacotherapy 1997; 17(3):415-423. (13) Rutchik A, Weissman AR, Almenoff PL et al. Resistive inspiratory muscle training in subjects with chronic cervical spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79(3):293-297. (14) Klefbeck B, Sternhag M, Weinberg J et al. Obstructive sleep apneas in relation to severity of cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1998; 36:621-628. (15) Lin KH, Wu HD, Chang CW et al. Ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia in chronic tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79(7):795799. (16) Lin VW, Singh H, Chitkara RK et al. Functional magnetic stimulation for restoring cough in patients with tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79(5):517-522. (17) Fujiwara T, Hara Y, Chino N. Expiratory function in complete tetraplegics: study of spirometry, maximal expiratory pressure, and muscle activity of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 78(5):464-469. (18) Uijl SG, Houtman S, Folgering HT et al. Training of the respiratory muscles in individuals with tetraplegia. Spinal Cord 1999; 37(8):575-579. (19) Spungen AM, Grimm DR, Strakhan BS et al. Treatment with an anabolic agent is associated with improvement in respiratory function in persons with tetraplegia: A pilot study. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 1999; 66(3):201-205. (20) Segal JL, Pathak MS, Hernandez JP et al. Safety and efficacy of 4- aminopyridine in humans with spinal cord injury: a long-term, controlled trial. Pharmacotherapy 1999; 19(6):713-723. (21) Wien MF, Garshick E, Tun CG et al. Breathlessness and exercise in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 1999; 22(4):297-302. (22) Liaw MY, Lin MC, Cheng PT et al. Resistive inspiratory muscle training: its effectiveness in patients with acute complete cervical cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81(6):752-756. (23) van der Schans CP, Piers DA, Mulder GA. Efficacy of coughing in tetraplegic patients. Spine 2000; 25(17):2200-2203. (24) Gorini M, Corrado A, Aito S et al. Ventilatory and respiratory muscle responses to hypercapnia in patients with paraplegia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162(1):203-208. (25) Andrada L, De Vito EL. Functional respiratory evaluation in patients with high traumatic spinal injury. Medicina (B Aires) 2001; 61(5 Pt 1):529-534. (26) Wang TG, Wang YH, Tang FT et al. Resistive inspiratory muscle training in sleep-disordered breathing of traumatic tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83(4):491-496. (27) Cruzada D, Jones MJ, Segebart S et al. Resistive inspiratory muscle training improves inspiratory muscle strength in subjects with cervical spinal cord injury. NEUROL REP 2002; 26(1):3-7. (28) Boaventura CM, Gastaldi AC, Silveira JM et al. Effect of an Abdominal Binder on the Efficacy of Respiratory Muscles in Seated and Supine Tetraplegic Patients. Physiotherapy 2003; 89(5):290-295. (29) Kelley A, Garshick E, Gross ER et al. Spirometry Testing Standards in Spinal Cord Injury. Chest 2003; 123(3):725. (30) Boaventura CM, Silveira JM, Santos PR et al. Respiratory muscle strength the tetraplegic patients. Rev Fisioter Univ São Paulo 2004; 11(2):70-6. (31) Grandas NF, Jain NB, Denckla JB et al. Dyspnea during daily activities in chronic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86(8):1631-1635. (32) Cheng PT, Chen CL, Wang CM et al. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on cough capacity and pulmonary function in patients with acute cervical cord injury. J Rehabil Med 2006; 38(1):32-36. (33) Kang SW, Shin JC, Park CI et al. Relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and cough capacity in cervical spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord 2006; 44:242-248.