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Soil and Aquatic Chemistry
Professor:
LRES 555
Spring 2007
Dr. Bill Inskeep
Office Hours:11:00 a.m. - 12 noon TuTh and by appointment, 805 LJH
Communication: ph 994-5077, binskeep@montana.edu
Text:
Sparks, D.L. 2003. Environmental Soil Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Academic Press
Stumm, W. and J.J. Morgan. 1996. 3rd ed. Aquatic Chemistry. Wiley
Course Objectives:
1.
Develop an understanding of the fundamental chemical processes that control material
cycles within and among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.
2.
Build a foundation of chemical principles for understanding the behavior of chemical
constituents in soil and water systems.
3.
Gain experience in applying these principles to biogeochemical cycling, environmental
problems, and land management issues.
Recitation Objectives:
1. Gain an appreciation for routine and advanced quantitative analysis of soils, geomaterials
and natural waters.
2. Develop experience in chemical equilibria to understand problems in bioremediation ience in
geochemical processes such as solubility, speciation, and fate and transport.
3. Utilize case study assignments to understand chemical principles and processes important
in current global, national and or regional issues.
Grading:
Quizzes-Mix
Final Exam
Problem Sets
Recitation Assignments
Group Project/Abstracts
100 pts.
100 pts.
100 pts.
200 pts.
50 pts.
TOTAL
550 pts
Notes: No make-ups on exams, unless there is an emergency. Problem sets and laboratory reports are
expected on time. Late assignments will not be accepted. Normally, the grades will correspond to:
90-100 = A, 80-89 = B, 70-79 = C, 55-69 = D, <55 = F.
SYLLABUS.555
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SYLLABUS
Soil and Aquatic Chemistry
DATE
1/18
LRES 555
Spring 2007
TOPICS
Introduction: Linkages among chemical processes, landscape
processes, biogeochemical cycling and environmental fate.
REFERENCE 1
SPKS-1, E-1
SM-1
Composition and Structure of Important Solid Phases in Soils
and Natural Waters
1/23-2/1;
(~4 lectures)
2/6-2/8;
(~2 lectures)
1. Inorganic
A. Ionic Solids
B. Primary silicates: Weathering Reactions
C. Layer silicates: Structure and Function
D. Secondary minerals: Carbonates, Sulfides, Oxides
E. Mineral Weathering Reactions: Mineral Dissolution/Precipitation
Links to pedogenesis, watershed processes, acidification, water
quality.
2. Organic
A. Survey of Important Classes of Organic Compds.
B. Fractionation of Soil Organic Matter: Humics
C. Important Functional Groups, OM Structure, Reactivity
D. Characterization of Solid Phase OM
SPKS-2, E-2,
SM-9
E-3
E-10.3
SPKS-3, E-4,
SM-3.10, 15.12,
Chemical Equilibria
2/13-2/20;
(~3 lectures)
1. Basic Principles
A. Thermodynamics and Spontaneous Change
B. Chemical Potentials/ Free Energies/ Energetics
C. The Equilibrium Constant/ Henry’s Law
D. Chemical Kinetics: A different paradigm
3.
4. 2. Aqueous Chemistry
A.
A. The solvent H2O: Oceans, rivers, lakes and soil pore waters
B.
B. Ion-water interactions: Ionic Strength/Activity Coefficients
2/22-3/8;
C. Ion-ion interactions: Complexation
(~4 lectures)A.
B.
D. Mass balance expressions
C.
E. Gas-Water Equilibria: Henry’s Law
D.
F. Geochemical Speciation
E.
F. Kinetics: Diffusion control
3/20-3/29;
(~4 lectures)
4/3-4/10;
(~3 lectures)
SYLLABUS.555
3. Solid Phase Equilibria in Natural Water Systems
A. The solubility product constant/ion activity products
B. Solubility Diagrams
C. Examples using carbonates and hydroxides
D. Geochemical Modeling
E. Kinetics: Nucleation, Crystal Growth, Surface Poisoning
F. Case Studies in Metal Reclamation, Weathering
4. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions:
A. Linkages to the C cycle
B. pe as a master variable/Pt electrodes
C. Bioenergetics and Biogeochemical Cycles.
D. Wetland Treatment Systems.
SPKS-7, E-5,
SM-2, LD-2
SPKS-4, E-5,
SM-2, SM-6,
LD-2
SPKS-4, E-6
SM-4, SM-7
E-9
SM-8, 11
SPKS-8
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DATE
TOPICS
Processes Occurring at the Solid/Solution Interface:
Principles and Case Study Applications
4/12 -4/19;
(~3 lectures)
4/24- 4/26
(~2 lectures)
1
3. Hydrophobic Partitioning
A. Water solubilities of NOCs
B. Octanol-water and SOM-water partition coefficients
C. Kinetics and Bioavailability of NOCs: Surfactants and
Cosolvents
D. Case Studies in Bioremediation, Fate and Transport
2. Surface Complexation
A.. Sorption of metals
B. Sorption of anions
C. Case Studies in trace element fate and transport.
5/1-5/3
(~2 lectures)
3. Ion Exchange
A. Cation Exchange Reactions
B. Case Study: Coal Bed Methane (Na:Ca exchange)
5/x
FINAL EXAM: 4:00-5:50 pm
SM
SPKS
DV
S&J
LD
T
SGI
SPKS-3,
T-11, E-7.3.2
SM-9.7, 9.9
SGI- 5, 7, 11
Handouts
E-7
SM-9
SPKS-5
SPKS-6,
E-8, SM-9
= Stumm, W. and J.J. Morgan. 1996. Aquatic Chemistry. 3rd Ed.
= Sparks, D.L. 1995. Environmental Soil Chemistry Main Text.
= Drever, J.I.. 1997. The geochemistry of natural waters. 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall
= Snoeyink, V.L. and D.Jenkins. 1980. Water chemistry. (a classic)
= Lindsay, W.L. 1979. Chemical Equilibria in Soils. John Wiley (a classic of sorts)
= Thurman, E.M. 1985. Organic geochemistry of natural waters. Martinus Nijhoff
= Schwarzenbach, R., P. Gschwend and D.M. Imboden. 1993. Environmental Organic
Chemistry. Wiley (newer edition is available as well)
All Additional Texts are on Reserve at the main library help desk.
SYLLABUS.555
REFERENCE 1
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Soil and Aquatic Chemistry
LRES 555
Spring 2007
Recitation Schedule
DATE
TOPIC
Jan. 25
Introduction to Chemical Analysis of Soils and Waters
Feb. 1
Aqueous Phase Extraction/Sample Preparation for X-ray
Diffraction/Total Dissolution
Feb. 8
X-ray diffraction (XRD) at ICAL
Feb. 15
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at ICAL
Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX) at ICAL
Feb. 22
Data Interpretation
Project
Due
1
1
1
1
Mar. 1
Analysis of Aqueous Phases: Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy, UV-VIS, Inductively Coupled Plasma
Spectroscopy, Ion Chromatography
2
Mar. 8
Complex Formation and Solid Phase Equilibria
2
Mar. 15
SPRING BREAK
2
Mar. 22
Geochemical Modeling
Mar. 29
Independent Group Work on Geochemical Modeling
2
Apr. 5
Sorption and Transport
3
Apr. 12
Sorption and Transport
3
Apr. 19
Sorption and Transport
3
Apr. 26
Presentations
May 3
Presentations
March 8
April 5
May 3
Recitation Reports:
There will be three recitation reports and a group project worth a total of 250 points. Late
laboratory reports will not be accepted. Format and content expectations will vary for each
exercise and will be discussed separately.
SYLLABUS.555