INDEX
1. Matter ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1
Solid: .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Liquid: ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.3
Gas:............................................................................................................................. 1
1.4
Distinguishing Properties of Matters.......................................................................... 1
2. Volume (V) ............................................................................................................................ 2
2.1
Volume measurement of geometric shaped objects ................................................... 2
2.2
Volume measurement of irregular shaped objects ..................................................... 3
2.3
Volume measurement of dried sand ........................................................................... 3
3. Inertia ..................................................................................................................................... 3
4. Mass and Weight .................................................................................................................... 4
4.1
5.
Differences between mass and weight ....................................................................... 4
Density of Matter ............................................................................................................... 4
5.1
Density of Mixtures .................................................................................................... 5
Properties of Matter
9th Grade High School Physics
Unit: Properties of Matter
1. Matter
1.3 Gas:
Matter can be defined as anything that has
Matters that has not got any constant
mass and occupies space. Matter can be in
shapes and volumes, that takes the shape of
three phases such as solid, liquid and gas.
the pot it is put are called gas. The volume
of gases equals to the volume of the pot it
is in. They can be easily compressed or
extanded.
Figure 1: States of matter
1.1 Solid:
Figure 2: Cartoon of states of matter
Matters that has definite shape, definite
1.4 Distinguishing
Properties
of
volume and inertia are called solid.
Matters
Distinguishing properies of matters are the
1.2 Liquid:
properties that are independent of the
Matters that has not got any definite shape,
amount of matter. Some distinguishing
has a definite volume and that takes the
properties of solids, liquids and gases can
shape of the pot it is put and that is fluid
be seen in the table (table 1) below:
are called liquid.
1
Properties of Matter
Distinguishing
Propety
Density
Solubility
Expansion
Compressibility
Elasticity
Melting point
Freezing point
Condensation
point
Conductivity
Specific
heat
capacity
Solid Liquid Gas
2.1
Volume
measurement
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
NA
+
-
+
+
geometric shaped objects
+
+
+
+
+
+
of
The volumes of geometric shaped matters
+
NA
+
(such
as
cube,
cylinder,
sphere,
rectengular prism..etc.) are calculated by
measuring their dimensions. It is beneficial
to know these geometric shaped objects’
volume formulas that are stated below in
Table 1: Distinguishing properties of matters
table 2:
+ means it is distinguishing property for that
matter
- means it is not a distinguishing property for
that matter
NA means the propety can not be applicable to
that matter
Shape
Name
Cube
Formula of
Volume
V= a3
Rectengul
V= a*b*c
a
2. Volume (V)
a
a
Volume is the amount of space that a
matter occupies. Volume is one of the
b
c
-ar Prism
a
common properties of matters. Volume is
symbolized with V, and the SI unit for the
volume is m3. In practice, cm3 and dm3 is
r
Cylinder
V= п r2.h
Sphere
V= 4/3 п r3
h
also used as the units of the volume. Some
important unit conversions are written
below:
1 m3 =1000 dm3
1 dm3 = 1000cm3 = 1 liter
1 cm3 = 1 ml = 1cc
Table 2: Volume measurement formulas for
some geometric shaped objects
2
Properties of Matter
2.2
Volume
measurement
of
2.3Volume
irregular shaped objects
measurement
of
dried sand
Volume of irregular objects can be found
uestion:
Q
by the help of liquids in graduated
water
When
is
50cm3
poured
onto
50cm3 of sand the total
cylinder.
If the object is put in a pot that is full of
volume becomes 80cm3 as in the
liquid till overflowing surface, liquid
fiqure below. What is the volume of
overflows
dried sand and the volume of air in it?
in an amount equals to the
objects volume. And by pouring the
overflowing
volume
to
a
graduated
cylinder, the volume of the irregular
shaped object can be found.
Figure 5: Figure of the question
Vair= Vexpected – V mixture
Figure 3: Volume measurement of
irregular shaped objects
Vair= 100 – 80 = 20 cm3
If the irregular shaped object is put in a
graduated cylinder that is not full till the
V dried sand= Vsand – Vair
oveflowing surface, the displacement of
V dried sand= 50 – 20 = 30cm3
the liquid is equals to the volume of the
object.
3. Inertia
Inertia is the appearent resistance to
change in matters’ state of motion.
Figure 4: Volume measurement of
irregular shaped objects
3
Properties of Matter

4. Mass and Weight
Both mass and weight are not
Mass is the amount of matter in an
distinguishing properties for
object. It is represented with m.
matters.

Weight is the gravitational force that
Mass is measured with a
the earth applies on the objects. Vector
balance, weight is measured by
of weight is always toward the center
a dynanometer.
of earth. It is calculated as;
5. Density of Matter
G= m.g
4.1 Differences between mass
Density is the mass (m) of the unit
and weight
volume

(V)
Mass
does
according
however
not
to
The
It
is
graphs
below
shows
the
relationships between mass and density
place,
weight
matter.
d=m/V
change
the
a
represented with d.
Mass is a scalar, however
weight is a vectoral quantity.

of
for pure matters.
changes
according to the gravitational
force of the place.
m

Mass
and
expressed
weight
with
can
the
d
d
be
same
α
numbers in earth, however
V
V
V
their units are different. (For
The relatonships between mass and density
example an object’s mass is
10g-mass, its weight is 10gforce)
4
Properties of Matter
5.1 Density of Mixtures
The density of a mixture has to be in
between the densities of each liquids
in it. It is nearer to the densit of the
liquid that is more in amount. There
are two special cases:

If the liquids are mixed with
equal volumes, the density of
the mixture is
d

d1  d 2
2
If the liquids are mixed with
equal masses, the density of the
mixture is
d
2d 1 d 2
d1  d 2
5