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DO NOT WRITE ON TESTS
Environmental Science Test 1
(200 points)
Multiple choice (4 points each)
1. Organisms living in coastal areas must adapt to what changes?
A. water level and amount of sunlight
B. water level and degree of salinity
C. temperature and availability of oxygen
D. temperature and availability of nutrients
2. Oil spills, sewage, pesticides, and silt runoff have been linked to the widespread destruction of what kind of
marine ecosystem?
A. coastal wetlands
B. swamps
C. coral reefs
D. marshes
3. What is the difference between swamps and marshes?
A. Marshes attract birds, swamps attract amphibians.
B. Marshes are freshwater, swamps are saltwater.
C. Marshes are mostly in the southeast U.S., swamps in the northeast U.S.
D. . Marshes contain non-woody plants, swamps contain woody plants
4. Bacteria cause eutrophication to occur in lakes that contain a large amount of plant nutrients by
A.
Feeding on decaying plants and algae
B.
Reducing oxygen dissolved in the water
C.
Neither A nor B
D.
Both A and B
5.. Polar regions are considered marine ecosystems because
A.
Polar animals eat mostly phytoplankton from the sea
B.
They contain an enormous amount of frozen water
C.
They are inhabited by few organisms
D.
Sunlight is limited
6. All of the following will accelerate the eutrophication of a lake EXCEPT the following:
A.
Sewage
B.
Fertilizers
C.
Industrial waste
D.
Animal waste
Use the following chart to answer questions 7& 8:
7. If a water sample contains mayfly nymphs, what can you conclude about the water quality of the area where the
sample was taken?
A.
The area has generally poor water quality.
B.
The water quality cannot be determined from such a sample.
C.
The area has generally good water quality
D.
The water in the area has been chemically treated for pollutants
8. Water Sample A contains only leeches. Water Sample B contains leeches and predacious diving beetle larvae.
What comparison can be made between Samples A and B?
A.
Both samples A and B have the same water quality.
B.
Both samples came from the same water source.
C.
Sample B has relatively poorer water quality than sample A.
D.
Sample A has relatively poorer water quality than sample B.
9. The Everglades in Florida is America’s largest:
A.
Marsh
B.
Estuary
C.
Swamp
D.
Coral reef
10. All of the following are important in determining the types of organisms present in a marine ecosystem
EXCEPT:
A.
Temperature
B.
Rainfall
C.
Amount of nutrients
D.
Depth of sunlight
11. An ecosystem where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from oceans is a/an
A.
Wetlands
B.
Benthic zone
C.
Littoral zone
D.
Estuary
12. Coral reefs are made out of:
A.
Granite
B.
Basalt
C.
Limestone
D.
Phytoplankton
13. Which of the following is true of the open ocean?
A.
It is the most productive of all ecosystems
B.
It is where coral reefs are located
C.
It is the least productive of all ecosystems
D.
It is where ocean life is concentrated
14. Areas of land that are covered with water for at least part of the year are called what?
A.
Benthic zone
B.
Wetlands
C.
Estuary
D.
Littoral zone
15. Plants with roots that are attached to the ground are located where?
A.
Benthic zone
B.
Littoral zone
C.
Coral reef
D.
Open ocean
16. All the following describe the headwater of a river EXCEPT:
A.
Shallow
B.
Swift
C.
Contains less oxygen
D.
Narrow
17. What 2 things account for most of the water usage in the United States?
A.
polar icecaps & the ocean
B.
agriculture & industry
C.
taking baths & flushing toilets
D.
watering yards & washing clothes
18. Where do we find most of the water that is available for human use?
A.
the ocean
B.
groundwater
C.
polar ice caps
D.
rivers and streams
19. What is the relationship between cities and water resources?
A.
Cities are usually located near water resources
B.
Cities are always located near rivers.
C.
Cities are always located near lakes.
D.
Cities are never located near salt water.
20. A result of pumping water from aquifers is:
A.
farms produce fewer crops
B.
the recharge zone shrinks
C.
groundwater stops being collected.
D.
the aquifer cannot be recharged fast enough
21. What do we call water that is above ground in lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams?
A.
precipitation
B.
groundwater
C.
aquifer
D.
surface water
22. All of the following are examples of surface water EXCEPT:
A.
Lakes
B.
aquifer
C.
rivers
D.
reservoirs
23. The entire area of land that is drained by a river is known as it’s what?
A.
watershed
B.
reservoir
C.
groundwater
D.
recharge zone
24. The watersheds west of the continental divide drain into what ocean?
A.
pacific
B.
Atlantic
C.
gulf of Mexico
D.
Indian
25. The water that collects behind the dam is called what?
A.
aquifer
B.
watershed
C.
groundwater
D.
reservoir
26. Water that seeps down through the soil and is stored underground is called what?
A.
watershed
B.
reservoir
C.
porosity
D.
groundwater
27. The percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that consists of open spaces is called what?
A.
watershed
B.
permeability
C.
porosity
D.
reservoir
28. Which of the following is permeable?
A.
Clay
B.
gravel
C.
granite
D.
concrete
29. Large underground rock formations that store groundwater are called what?
A.
Recharge zone
B.
Watershed
C.
aquifer
D.
reservoir
30. The area of land from which groundwater originates is called what?
A.
Aquifer
B.
Recharge zone
C.
watershed
D.
reservoir
31. Why is groundwater a more reliable source of water then surface water?
A.
Groundwater can never be depleted
B.
Groundwater is filtered and purified as it travels underground
C.
Groundwater is easier to access then surface water
D.
none of the above
32. Which of the following is a way of creating fresh water?
A.
Desalinization
B.
Distillation
C.
Reverse osmosis
D.
All of the above
33. What is the underlying cause of water pollution?
A. oil spills
B. industrialization
C. human population explosion
D. Both B & C
34. Why is the water in the former Soviet-Bloc countries the most polluted on Earth?
A. There are too many factories
B. They do not have enough money to clean their waterways
C. They did not have waste treatment plants
D. Pollution was not controlled by their government
35. Storm-water runoff from city streets is an example of what type of pollution?
A. Thermal pollution
B. Nonpoint pollution
C. Point pollution
D. None of the above
36. Why is nonpoint pollution more difficult to control then point pollution?
A. Because it comes from a signal source
B. Because it comes from many sources
C. Because it is comes from factories
D. None of the above
37. All of the following are diseases people catch by drinking unclean water EXCEPT:
A. Diabetes
B. Cholera
C. Hepatitis
D. Typhoid
38. Pathogens can enter water supplies by which of the following?
A. Industrial waste
B. Raw sewage
C. Animal feces
D. Both B & C
39. Most of the wastewater from homes:
A. contains harmful substances that are hard to filter out
B. contains radioactive chemicals
C. is biodegradable and easy to purify
D. none of the above
40. The accumulation of larger and larger amounts of a toxin within the tissues of organisms at each successive
trophic level is called what?
A. Thermal pollution
B. Algae blooms
C. Artificial eutrophication
D. Bioaccumulation
41. When inorganic plant nutrients get into the water from sewage and fertilizer runoff it is called:
A. Thermal pollution
B. Algae bloom
C. Artificial eutrophication
D. Bioaccumulation
42 How do algae blooms cause fish to die?
A.
The water become depleted of oxygen
B.
Algae blooms cause fish to suffocate
C.
Both A & B
D.
Neither A nor B
43. Why will groundwater pollution continue to be a problem for generations to come?
A. groundwater recharges very slowly
B. the government has no law to protect groundwater
C. both A & B
D. Neither A nor B
44. 96% of the polluted bodies of water in the United States were contaminated by what?
A. thermal pollution
B. oil
C. nonpoint pollution
D. point pollution
45. How does bottled water differ from tap water?
A. bottled water is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B. Tap water contains trace amounts of toxins
C. Bottled water goes through more filtration processes
D. None of the above
46. Severe oil-tanker spills account for what percentage of oil polluting the ocean?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 25
D. 65
47. Oil pollution is mostly caused by:
A. small oil tankers that have accidents or leaks
B. spillage when tankers are loaded and unloaded
C. leaks from offshore oil rigs
D. all of the above
48. Why are plastics such a big problem?
A. They are not biodegradable
B. Their chemicals leak into the water
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A nor B
Using complete sentences answer the following question (4 points each)
49. Explain how it is possible that a farm in the Midwest to contribute to ocean pollution.
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50. describe the path water takes from the ocean to an aquifer. This path must include at least 5 steps.
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